Dentist

This article is about the dental profession. For tooth care see oral hygiene and dental surgery.

Dentist

Occupation
Activity sectors	Healthcare
Description
Education required	Dental degree
Fields of employment	Hospitals, Private Practices

A dentist, also known as a 'dental surgeon', is a doctor that specializes in the diagnosis prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. The dentist's supporting team aides in providing oral health services. The dental team includes dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.

Training

All dentists in the U.S must graduate from a university and complete required courses such as biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, and statistics/calculus. While most dental schools require at least a bachelors degree, a few schools may consider admitting exceptional students after only 3 years of college. To apply, students must take the DAT or Dental Admissions Test. Admission to dental school is competitive, and is generally determined based on factors such as GPA, DAT scores, recommendation letters, and extracurricular activities. To become a licensed dentist, one must then complete an accredited dental school curriculum and successfully master all clinical competencies and national board exams. Most dental school curriculums require four years of training, however, some states require dentists to complete a post graduate residency program as well. In the US, a newly graduated dentist is then awarded the Doctor of Dental Surgery degree, or the Doctor of Dental Medicine degree depending on the dental school attended. Both degrees are the same. A newly graduated dentist can then pursue further specialty residency training ranging from 2 to 6 years.

Responsibilities

By nature of their general training, a licensed dentist can carry out the majority of dental treatments such as restorative (dental restorations, crowns, bridges), orthodontics(Braces, Invisalign), prosthetic (dentures), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and exodontia (extraction of teeth), as well as performing examinations, taking radiographs (x-rays) and diagnosis. Dentists can also prescribe medications such as antibiotics, fluorides, pain killers, Sedatives and any other medication that serve in the treatment of the various conditions of the oral cavity.

Dentists need to take additional qualifications or training to carry out more complex treatments such as General anesthesia, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and implants. Whilst the majority of oral diseases are unique and self limiting, some conditions can indicate poor general health, and conditions such as osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancer.

Specialties

Main article: Specialty (dentistry)

Official specialties

• Dental public health - The study of dental epidemiology and social health policies.
• Endodontics - Root canal therapy and study of diseases of the dental pulp.
• Oral and maxillofacial pathology - The study, diagnosis, and sometimes the treatment of oral and maxillofacial related diseases.
• Oral and maxillofacial radiology - The study and radiologic interpretation of oral and maxillofacial diseases.
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery - Extractions, implants, and MaxilloFacial surgery.
• Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics - The straightening of teeth and modification of midface and mandibular growth.
• Periodontology (also periodontology) - Study and treatment of diseases of the periodontium(Gums) (non-surgical and surgical) as well as placement and maintenance of dental implants
• Pediatric dentistry (formerly pedodontics) - Dentistry for children
• Prosthodontics - Dentures, bridges and the restoration of implants. Some prosthodontists further their training in "oral and maxillofacial prosthodontics", which is the discipline concerned with the replacement of missing facial structures, such as ears, eyes, noses, etc.

Specialists in these fields are designated "registrable" (in the United States, "board eligible") and warrant exclusive titles such as orthodontist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, endodontist, pediatric dentist, periodontist, or prosthodontist upon satisfying certain local (U.S., "Board Certified")