1498 Meiō earthquake: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m →Tectonic setting: Journal cites:, added 1 DOIs, using AWB (7692) |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
|casualties = thousands |
|casualties = thousands |
||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake''' occurred at about 08:00 local time<ref name="IISEE">{{cite web|url=http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html|title=IISEE search page|last=IISEE|accessdate=6 January 2011}}</ref> on 20 September.<ref name="NGDC"/> It had a magnitude of about 8.6 on the [[surface wave magnitude]] scale<ref name="NGDC"/> and triggered a large [[tsunami]]. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but between 26,000 and 41,000 casualties have been reported.<ref name="NGDC_t">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=7383&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display|title=Comments for the Tsunami Event|last=NGDC|accessdate=6 January 2011}}</ref> |
The '''1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake''' occurred at about 08:00 local time<ref name="IISEE">{{cite web|url=http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html|title=IISEE search page|last=IISEE|accessdate=6 January 2011}}</ref> on [[20 September]], [[1498]].<ref name="NGDC"/> It had a magnitude of about 8.6 on the [[surface wave magnitude]] scale<ref name="NGDC"/> and triggered a large [[tsunami]]. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but between 26,000 and 41,000 casualties have been reported.<ref name="NGDC_t">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=7383&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display|title=Comments for the Tsunami Event|last=NGDC|accessdate=6 January 2011}}</ref> |
||
==Tectonic setting== |
==Tectonic setting== |
||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
Severe shaking caused by this earthquake was recorded from [[Bōsō Peninsula]] in the northeast to [[Kii Peninsula]] in the southwest. A tsunami was recorded in [[Suruga Bay]] and possibly at [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]].<ref name="Ishabashi_2">{{cite book|last=Ishabashi|first=K.|editor=Simpson D.W. & Pichards P.G.|title=Earthquake prediction: an international review|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z7RF-9gKyJEC&pg=PA324&dq=1498+nankai+earthquake&hl=en&ei=HALMTLzyBIXsOf366dsB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=1498%20nankai%20earthquake&f=false|series=Maurice Ewing Series|volume=4|year=1981|publisher=American Geophysical Union|isbn=9780875904030|pages=323-324|chapter=Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai District, central Japan, based on seismotectoncs}}</ref> There is also evidence of severe shaking from records of [[Soil liquefaction|ground liquefaction]] in the [[Nankaidō|Nankai]] area.<ref name="Rikitake">{{cite journal|last=Rikitake|first=T|year=1999|title=Probability of a great earthquake to recur in the Tokai district, Japan:|journal=Earth Planets Space|volume=51|pages=147–157|url=http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/5103/51030147.pdf|accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> Tsunami deposits attributed to this earthquake have been described from the coastal plains around the [[Sagami Trough]] and the [[Izu Peninsula]].<ref name="Komatsubara">{{cite book|last1=Komatsubara|first1=J.|last2=Fujiwara|first2=O.|editor=Satake K., Okal E.A. & Borrero J.C.|title=Tsunami and Its Hazards in the Indian and Pacific Oceans|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HME_XQS-D-cC&pg=PA494&dq=1498+meio+nankai+earthquake&hl=en&ei=PDjMTNvOFc_sObO5qM0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&sqi=2&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=1498%20meio%20nankai%20earthquake&f=false|series=Pageophys topical volumes|volume=164|year=2007|isbn=9783764383633|page=494|chapter=Overview of Holocene tsunami deposits along the Nankai, Sugura and Sagami Troughs, southwest Japan}}</ref> |
Severe shaking caused by this earthquake was recorded from [[Bōsō Peninsula]] in the northeast to [[Kii Peninsula]] in the southwest. A tsunami was recorded in [[Suruga Bay]] and possibly at [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]].<ref name="Ishabashi_2">{{cite book|last=Ishabashi|first=K.|editor=Simpson D.W. & Pichards P.G.|title=Earthquake prediction: an international review|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z7RF-9gKyJEC&pg=PA324&dq=1498+nankai+earthquake&hl=en&ei=HALMTLzyBIXsOf366dsB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=1498%20nankai%20earthquake&f=false|series=Maurice Ewing Series|volume=4|year=1981|publisher=American Geophysical Union|isbn=9780875904030|pages=323-324|chapter=Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai District, central Japan, based on seismotectoncs}}</ref> There is also evidence of severe shaking from records of [[Soil liquefaction|ground liquefaction]] in the [[Nankaidō|Nankai]] area.<ref name="Rikitake">{{cite journal|last=Rikitake|first=T|year=1999|title=Probability of a great earthquake to recur in the Tokai district, Japan:|journal=Earth Planets Space|volume=51|pages=147–157|url=http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/5103/51030147.pdf|accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> Tsunami deposits attributed to this earthquake have been described from the coastal plains around the [[Sagami Trough]] and the [[Izu Peninsula]].<ref name="Komatsubara">{{cite book|last1=Komatsubara|first1=J.|last2=Fujiwara|first2=O.|editor=Satake K., Okal E.A. & Borrero J.C.|title=Tsunami and Its Hazards in the Indian and Pacific Oceans|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HME_XQS-D-cC&pg=PA494&dq=1498+meio+nankai+earthquake&hl=en&ei=PDjMTNvOFc_sObO5qM0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&sqi=2&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=1498%20meio%20nankai%20earthquake&f=false|series=Pageophys topical volumes|volume=164|year=2007|isbn=9783764383633|page=494|chapter=Overview of Holocene tsunami deposits along the Nankai, Sugura and Sagami Troughs, southwest Japan}}</ref> |
||
Uplift of the seafloor of up to 4 m has been estimated for this earthquake, with a much smaller subsidence near the coast.<ref name="Murata">{{cite book|last1=Murata|first1=S.|last2=Imamura|first2=F.|last3=Katoh|first3=K.|title=Tsunami: To Survive from Tsunami|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9j4DvH8XuUcC&pg=PA102&dq=1498+meio+earthquake&hl=en&ei=v0LMTJGrDZCZOvv_xcgB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&sqi=2&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=1498%20meio%20earthquake&f=false|accessdate=30 October 2009|series=Advanced series on ocean engineering|volume=32|year=2009|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9789814277471|pages=102-103}}</ref> |
Uplift of the seafloor of up to 4 m has been estimated for this earthquake, with a much smaller subsidence near the coast.<ref name="Murata">{{cite book|last1=Murata|first1=S.|last2=Imamura|first2=F.|last3=Katoh|first3=K.|title=Tsunami: To Survive from Tsunami|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9j4DvH8XuUcC&pg=PA102&dq=1498+meio+earthquake&hl=en&ei=v0LMTJGrDZCZOvv_xcgB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&sqi=2&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=1498%20meio%20earthquake&f=false|accessdate=30 October 2009|series=Advanced series on ocean engineering|volume=32|year=2009|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9789814277471|pages=102-103}}</ref> [[Lake Hamana]] became a [[brackish]] lake because the tsumami broke shoal between the lake and the [[Pacific Ocean]] (Enshū Nada). |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
| Line 34: | Line 34: | ||
[[Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Japan]] |
[[Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Japan]] |
||
[[Category:15th-century earthquakes]] |
[[Category:15th-century earthquakes]] |
||
[[ja:明応地震]] |
|||
Revision as of 01:25, 23 May 2011
  | |
| UTC time | ?? |
|---|---|
| Magnitude | 8.6 MS[1] |
| Epicenter | 34°00′N 138°06′E / 34.0°N 138.1°E |
| Areas affected |  Japan |
| Tsunami | yes |
| Casualties | thousands |
The 1498 Meiō Nankaidō earthquake occurred at about 08:00 local time[2] on 20 September, 1498.[1] It had a magnitude of about 8.6 on the surface wave magnitude scale[1] and triggered a large tsunami. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but between 26,000 and 41,000 casualties have been reported.[3]
Tectonic setting
The southern coast of Honshū runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. Movement on this convergent plate boundary leads to many earthquakes, some of them of megathrust type. The Nankai megathrust has five distinct segments (A-E) that can rupture independently,[4][5] the segments have ruptured either singly or together repeatedly over the last 1,300 years.[6] Megathrust earthquakes on this structure tend to occur in pairs, with a relatively short time gap between them. In addition to the two events in 1854, there were similar earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. In each case, the northeastern segment ruptured before the southwestern segment.[7] In the 1498 event, the earthquake is thought to have ruptured segments C, D and E and possibly A and B. If both parts of the megathrust ruptured, the events were either simultaneous, or close enough in time, to not be distinguished by historical sources.[5]
Characteristics
Severe shaking caused by this earthquake was recorded from Bōsō Peninsula in the northeast to Kii Peninsula in the southwest. A tsunami was recorded in Suruga Bay and possibly at Kamakura.[8] There is also evidence of severe shaking from records of ground liquefaction in the Nankai area.[9] Tsunami deposits attributed to this earthquake have been described from the coastal plains around the Sagami Trough and the Izu Peninsula.[10]
Uplift of the seafloor of up to 4 m has been estimated for this earthquake, with a much smaller subsidence near the coast.[11] Lake Hamana became a brackish lake because the tsumami broke shoal between the lake and the Pacific Ocean (Enshū Nada).
References
- ^ a b c NGDC. "Comments for the Significant Earthquake". Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ IISEE. "IISEE search page". Retrieved 6 January 2011.
- ^ NGDC. "Comments for the Tsunami Event". Retrieved 6 January 2011.
- ^ Ando, M. (1975). "Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the nankai trough, Japan". Tectonophysics. 27 (2): 119–140. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(75)90102-X. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
- ^ a b Ishibashi, K. (2004). "Status of historical seismology in Japan" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 47 (2/3): 339–368. Retrieved 2009-11-22.
- ^ Sieh, K.E. (1981). A Review of Geological Evidence for Recurrence Times of Large Earthquakes (PDF). Retrieved 2009-11-13.
- ^ Kaneda, Y. (2007). "Precise real-time observatory and simulating phenomena of earthquakes and tsunamis around the Nankai Trough - Towards the understanding of mega thrust earthquakes". Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies, 2007. Symposium on: 299–300. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Ishabashi, K. (1981). "Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai District, central Japan, based on seismotectoncs". In Simpson D.W. & Pichards P.G. (ed.). Earthquake prediction: an international review. Maurice Ewing Series. Vol. 4. American Geophysical Union. pp. 323-324. ISBN 9780875904030.
{{cite book}}: C1 control character in|pages=at position 5 (help) - ^ Rikitake, T (1999). "Probability of a great earthquake to recur in the Tokai district, Japan:" (PDF). Earth Planets Space. 51: 147–157. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ Komatsubara, J.; Fujiwara, O. (2007). "Overview of Holocene tsunami deposits along the Nankai, Sugura and Sagami Troughs, southwest Japan". In Satake K., Okal E.A. & Borrero J.C. (ed.). Tsunami and Its Hazards in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Pageophys topical volumes. Vol. 164. p. 494. ISBN 9783764383633.
- ^ Murata, S.; Imamura, F.; Katoh, K. (2009). Tsunami: To Survive from Tsunami. Advanced series on ocean engineering. Vol. 32. World Scientific. pp. 102-103. ISBN 9789814277471. Retrieved 30 October 2009.
{{cite book}}: C1 control character in|pages=at position 5 (help)