Soekarno–Hatta International Airport: Difference between revisions
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|[[Pattimura Airport|Ambon]], [[Sepinggan International Airport|Balikpapan]], [[Radin Inten II Airport|Bandar Lampung]], [[Syamsudin Noor Airport|Banjarmasin]], [[Hang Nadim Airport|Batam]], [[Fatmawati Soekarno Airport|Bengkulu]], [[Kalimarau Airport|Berau]], [[Ngurah Rai International Airport|Denpasar/Bali]], [[El Tari Airport|Kupang]], [[Hasanuddin International Airport|Makassar]], [[Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport|Malang]], [[Sam Ratulangi International Airport|Manado]], [[Rendani Airport|Manokwari]], [[Lombok International Airport|Mataram-Lombok]], [[Minangkabau International Airport|Padang]], [[Mutiara Airport|Palu]], [[Pangkal Pinang Airport|Pangkalpinang]], [[Sultan Syarif Qasim II International Airport|Pekanbaru]], [[Supadio Airport|Pontianak]], [[Achmad Yani International Airport|Semarang]], [[Juanda International Airport|Surabaya]], [[Buluh Tumbang Airport|Tanjung Pandan]], [[Babullah Airport|Ternate]], [[Adisucipto International Airport|Yogyakarta]] |
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Revision as of 06:34, 31 January 2013
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta | |||||||||||||||
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 Soekarno Hatta International Airport Logo | |||||||||||||||
 Soekarno Hatta Airport Terminal 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Summary | |||||||||||||||
| Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||
| Owner | Government of Indonesia | ||||||||||||||
| Operator | PT Angkasa Pura II | ||||||||||||||
| Serves | Jakarta | ||||||||||||||
| Location | Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia | ||||||||||||||
| Opened | 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Hub for | |||||||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 32 ft / 10 m | ||||||||||||||
| Website | www.jakartaairportonline.com | ||||||||||||||
| Map | |||||||||||||||
  CGK Location within Java | |||||||||||||||
| Runways | |||||||||||||||
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| Statistics (2011) | |||||||||||||||
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Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII), abbreviated SHIA or Soetta[1] is the main airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia. The airport is named after the first President of Indonesia, Soekarno, and the first vice-president, Mohammad Hatta. The airport's IATA code, CGK, originates from Cengkareng, a district northwest of the city, and it is often called Cengkareng Airport by Indonesians.
Located about 20 km west of Jakarta, in Tangerang, Banten, Soekarno–Hatta Airport began operations in 1985, replacing the former Kemayoran Airport (domestic flights) in Central Jakarta, and Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in East Jakarta.[2] Kemayoran Airport has since been transformed into public areas. Halim Perdanakusuma is still operating, serving mostly VVIP, charters and military flights. Terminal 2 opened in 1992 and Terminal 3 opened in 2009, but in 2010 total passengers reached 43.7 million, surpassing the 38-million passenger capacity of all 3 terminals.[3] In 2011, the airport was the 12th busiest airport in the world with 51.1 million passengers, increasing by some 8 millon or 18.5 percent from 2010.[4]
Although the airport is running over capacity, on May 4, 2012 after verification from April 23 to May 3, the Airport Council International (ACI) stated that Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is clearly being operated safely . All safety flying procedures are running well.[5] To overcome the overcapacity, on August 2, 2012 the ground breaking was done at terminal 3 to turn into an Aerotropolis airport which can serve 62 million passengers per year. This is predicted to be completed at the end of 2014.[6]
In May 2008, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Soekarno–Hatta International Airport as the 6th most punctual airport in the world with 86.3% of its flights departing on time, and 72.3% arriving on time.[7] In December 2009, ForbesTraveller.com recognized Soekarno–Hatta International Airport as the 2nd most punctual airport in the world with 89.2% of its flights departing on time, and 84.2% arriving ontime.[8]
History
Used between 1928 and 1985, Kemayoran Airfield was considered unsatisfactory because it was too close to the major Halim Perdanakusuma Indonesian military airport. The civil airspace in the area became increasingly restricted, while air traffic increased rapidly, posing problems for international air traffic. In 1969, a senior communication officers meeting in Bangkok expressed these concerns.
In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely: Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang. Finally, the North Tangerang airspace was chosen; it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile, as an interim step, the Indonesian government upgraded the Halim Perdanakusumah airfield for use for passenger services. The old Kemayoran site was closed in 1985, and the land was later used for commercial and housing purposes.
Between 1974 and 1975, a Canadian consultant/consortium, consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974 with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceeded with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975 and 1981 at a cost of US$ 465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982–1985 at a cost of US$ 126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng (code: JIA-C), began.[9]
The airport was designed by Paul Andreu, a French architect who also designed Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. One of the characteristics of the airport is the incorporation of the local architecture into the design, and the presence of tropical gardens between the waiting lounges. These unique characteristics earned the airport the 1995 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[10]
Project phases
- 1975–1977
- To allocate the land and also determine the provincial border, time was needed. Authorities at Schiphol airport, Amsterdam were asked for their opinion about the airport plans, and concluded that the proposal was rather expensive and over-designed. The cost rose because of using a decentralized system. The centralization system was seen as a more suitable option.
- The Team decided on a decentralized system like the ones used at Orly West Airfield, Lyon Satolas, Langen-Hagen-Hanover and Kansas City Airport due to its simplicity and effectiveness.
- 12 November 1976
- The building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris.
- 18 May 1977
- The final contract design was agreed on by the Indonesian government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs. The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner.
- The result was:
- 2 inline runways including taxiways
- Roads: 1 in the east, another in the west for airport services. The west was closed to public use.
- 3 terminals capable of accommodating 3 million passengers per year.
- 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic.
- An airport inside a garden was selected as the image.
- 20 May 1980
- A four year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya as the developer. Ir. Karno Barkah MSc. was appointed the JIA-C Project Director, responsible for the airport's construction.[11]
- 1 December 1980
- The Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384,8 billion with developers. The cost structure was: Rp. 140,450,513,000 from the state budget, 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$ 15,898,251 from the USA.
- 1 December 1984
- The airport structure was complete.
- 1 May 1985
- The new airport was launched on May 1, 1985 with operations form the domestic airport.
- 11 May 1992
- The second circular terminal was opened on May 11, 1992, and international operations began.
| Phases of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Project |
|---|
| Phase | Year | Description | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | 1985 | Building of Terminal 1 with a capacity of 9 million passengers per annum | Finished |
| Phase 2 | 1992 | Building of Terminal 2 with a capacity of 18 million passengers per annum | Finished |
| Phase 3 | 2008 | Building of Terminal 3 phase 1 with a capacity of 22 million passengers per annum | Finished |
| 2013 | Completion of Terminal 3 with a capacity of 43 million passengers per annum | In progress | |
| Refurbishing of Terminal 2 to increase capacity to 53 passengers per annum, | In progress | ||
| Fully built integrated building | Pending | ||
| Construction of Terminal 4 | Pending | ||
| 2014 | Refurbishment of Terminal 1 to increase capacity to 62 million passengers per annum | Pending |
Plans
In the newest masterplan Soerkarno-Hatta International Airport will increase the capacity from current capacity of 22 million passengers per annum to 62 million per annum in 2014. The airport will use new theme "Modern Airport With Traditional Sense" for the project. Angkasa Pura II as the operator designed Soekarno-Hatta Airport will have 3 passengers terminal, 1 new freight terminal (cargo village) and an integrated building in 2014. Also there will be an increase in apron capacity from the current 125 airplanes to 174 airplanes. By 2015, additional upgrades are expected to increase the airport's capacity to 75 million passengers.[12] An airport train from Manggarai Station and People Mover System designed for ground transportation from/to and inside the airport are also in planning.
Angkasa Pura II will spend Rp.11.7 trillion ($1.36 billion) to change the airport into a 'world class' airport which will be called 'aerotropolis' by 2014. In the first stage Terminal 3 will be expanded and thereafter Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 will be integrated with green walls and the airport will have a convention hall, shopping center, hotel, playground, recreational facilities and parking area for 20,000 vehicles.[13]
To anticipate a surge of passenger numbers, at least a ten percent increase each year, the government is preparing to lay down runway number 3. This was targeted to be completed in 2017. If the airport has 3 runways, the service capacity will rise to 623,420 movements per year and it will be able to anticipate growth at least until 2030. The expansion will use about 1,000 hectares from 10 villages in the Teluk Naga and Kosambi subdistricts.[14][15] The expansion plan has been rejected by Tangerang Municipal Government because the residents living around the airport wouldn't be able to earn income for their family. The local government offered another location such as in Balaraja, but Angkasa Pura II corporate secretary said that building a new airport would not be an easy task, as it requires a thorough study.[16]
Due to lack of space to make the third runway at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, the government plans to build a new airport in 2013 around Cikarang and Karawang. The airport would be integrated with the planned Cilamaya International Seaport in Karawang. A feasibility study is still running and will be completed at the end of 2011 or early 2012.[17]
After Kuala Namu International Airport become Regional hub airport, Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is still as Domestic hub with International flights to Australia and New Zealand.[18]
Volume of passengers
In 2011, Soekarno-Hatta was ranked 12th amongst the world's busiest airports by passenger traffic (4th busiest in Asia) and has surpassed Singapore Changi Airport. Growth of passenger traffic is 14 percent a year by mostly domestic passengers.
The table below was based on the data from Airport Council International. These statistics are from the movements of passengers, freight and aircraft in CGK.[19]
| Year | Passenger Movements |
Air-freight (tons) |
Aircraft Movements |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 11,818,047 | 281,765 | 123,540 |
| 2002 | 14,830,994 | 306,252 | 144,765 |
| 2003 | 19,702,902 | 310,131 | 186,695 |
| 2004 | 26,083,267 | 322,582 | 233,501 |
| 2005 | 27,947,482 | 336,113 | 241,846 |
| 2006 | 30,863,806 | 384,050 | 250,303 |
| 2007 | 32,458,946 | 473,593 | 248,482 |
| 2008 | 32,172,114 | 465,799 | 248,482 |
| 2009 | 37,143,719 | 538,314 | 287,868 |
| 2010 | 44,355,998 | 633,391 | 338,711 |
| 2011 | 52,446,618 | 1.617,716 | 345.495 |
Terminals The land area of the airport is 18 km². It has two independent parallel 2,400-meter runways connected by two cross taxiways. There are three main terminal buildings; Terminal 1 (domestic flights only), Terminal 2 (international flights and Garuda Airlines domestic flights) and Terminal 3, Pier 1 (Air Asia international and domestic flights). There is also a freight terminal for domestic and international cargo. Soekarno–Hatta International Airport has 180 check-in counters, 36 baggage carousels and 45 gates. Sub-terminals 1A-1B-1C-2D-2E-2F have 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates every sub-terminals. Terminal 3 has 30 check-in counters, 6 baggage carousels and 3 gates. Terminal 1Terminal 1 is the first terminal of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, finished in 1992. It is located on the south side of the airport, opposite Terminal 2. Terminal 1 has 3 sub-terminals, each equipped with 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity to handle 9 million passengers per annum. The gates in Terminal 1 have an alphabet prefix of A, B and C. The gates are A1-A7, B1-B7 and C1-C7. In the newest masterplan Terminal 2 will increased its capacity to 19 million passengers per annum. Terminal 2Terminal 2 is the second terminal of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. It was finished in 1991. It is located on the on the northern side of the airport, opposite Terminal 1. It operates international flights, with the exception of Garuda Indonesia and Merpati Nusantara Airlines domestic flights. This terminal has 3 sub-terminals. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carousels and 7 gates. It has the capacity of handling 9 million passengers per annum. The gates in Terminal 2 has alphabet prefix of D, E and F. The gates are D1-D7, E1-E7 and F1-F7. In the newest masterplan, Terminal 1's capacity will be expanded to 18 million passengers per annum. On November 28, 2011 Garuda Indonesia and Angkasa Pura II made a memorandum of understanding regarding the management of Terminals 2E and 2F, which will be used solely by Garuda Indonesia to anticipate ASEAN Open Sky Policy in 2015.[22] Terminal 2E will be used for international travel and Terminal 2F for domestic flights. Garuda Indonesia said that it will share the using of its International Terminal with other Sky Team members when Garuda Indonesia effectively joins in early 2013. Predicted domestic transfer times are 30 minutes for domestic and no more than 45 minutes for international passengers. Currently Sky Team has 12 members, but not all of them have flown to Indonesia.[23] Terminal 3The first phase of terminal 3, consisting of the first of the two planned piers, was opened on April 15, 2009. The terminal adopts a different design from terminals 1 and 2, usingan eco-friendy and modern concept (see rendering here). It currently houses the Air Asia Group, Lion Air and Mandala Airlines. With a capacity of 4 million passengers per annum terminal 3 now has 30 Check in counters, 6 Baggage carousels and 3 Gates with two sky-bridges. In the newest masterplan Terminal 3 will be designed in a U-shape with a total capacity of 25 million passengers per annum. Terminal 3 has officially opened for its international flights on November 15, 2011 when Indonesia AirAsia started using Terminal 3 as it's new base for international flights together with AirAsia domestic and international flights. Transfer between Terminals will be minimized.[24] Terminal 4Terminal 4 is on the opposite of Terminal 3, east of Terminal 1 which is still on the south site. It will be built on phase 4. In the newest masterplan terminal 4 will be H-shaped and use eco-friendly and modern designs like Terminal 3 Design by Roeland Hendrik. Freight TerminalThe freight terminal is located in the east-side of terminal 1. This terminal was used to handle cargo at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, both domestic and international cargo. In the newest masterplan, the freight terminal will move to the west-side of terminal 2 with larger capacity than the current terminal. Airlines and destinationsThe following airlines operate from (Jakarta) Soekarno–Hatta International Airport: Passenger terminalsNote 1 Malaysia Airlines's flight from Jakarta to Kuching including a stopover/transit in Kuala Lumpur, although Malaysia Airlines doesn't have a traffic rights between Jakarta to Kuching.  Freight terminalAccidents & Incidents
Airport facilitiesTerminal 1 and 2 was designed to resemble a traditional Rumah Joglo Javanese house.[32] The approach has been emphasized by the inclusion of well-maintained gardens located near all boarding areas. Terminal 3 and another new airport building designed use eco-friendly and modern design. Aircraft cateringAircraft catering at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport supported by Aerowisata Catering Services (ACS) and Purantara. ACS kitchen is situated near GMF AeroAsia and Garuda Indonesia headquarter. ACS was founded in 1973 as a provider of catering services to airlines Garuda Indonesia, but now serves 18 domestic and international airlines, including Garuda Indonesia, Qantas, Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines, Air China, Emirates, Saudia, and Qatar Airways, as well as meals for charter services, VVIP, and special flights, such as Hajj. Aircraft maintenanceFacilities to maintenance aircraft in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport supported by GMF AeroAsia (Garuda Maintenance Facility). They comprise 480,000 m2 of built-up structures, including three hangars, a spares warehouse, workshops, utility buildings, ground support equipment building, chemical stores, engine test cell and management offices. In addition, GMF AeroAsia has an apron capable of handling up to 50 aircraft, taxiways, a run-up bay and a waste treatment area taking up a 1,150,000 m2 area. Hangar 1 was built in 1991 designed for Boeing 747s, has two full docks and is 22,000 m2. Hangar 2 is 23,000 m2 and has 3 aircraft bays. It can perform minor A and B checks. It can hold up to one narrow body and one wide body jet. Hangar 3 is 23,000 m2. It normally holds up to 3 Narrow-body aircraft, but can be reconfigured to hold up to one wide body and one narrow body. It has 7 bays with 4 full docks. It has 6 roof-mounted cranes and has one bay designed for MD11's, DC10's, and wide Airbus aircraft. Golf areaGolf area in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport supported by "Cengkareng Golf Club". Golf area has been open since 1999. Located on the left side airport main gate after Sheraton Bandara Hotel. Cengkareng Golf Club is set within the 102 hectares area of Soewarna Business Park at Soekarno Hatta International Airport. In 2005 and 2008 this golf area was used for Indonesia Open, which was a part of the PGA European Tour. There are 18 holes in this golf area. Airport hotel LoungesThere are four first and business Lounges at the Transit Lounge in the departure area. Jasa Angkasa Semesta (JAS) Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Cathay Pacific, Qantas, Lufthansa, EVA Air, Saudia, and Singapore Airlines. Pura Indah Lounge, available for first and business class passengers of Singapore Airlines, KLM, Malaysia Airlines, Emirates Airline, Cathay Pacific, and China Airlines. The new Garuda Indonesia lounge is available for GA's business class passengers only, as well as GECC cardholders. Other lounges are available and are supported by companies such as: Indosat, PT Mandara Jasindo Sena, Telkomsel, and XL Axiata. Shopping areaThere are shopping areas available in all terminals at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. Duty free shops, souvenir shops, restaurants and a cafeteria can be found there. There is a new "Shopping Arcade" located in terminal 1C. There are no shops in the arrival parts of the terminals. There was a great deal of controversy surrounding certain shops (such as Crown Toko Hasil Laut Marine Products Shop) which sell sharks fins and other unethically sourced marine products.[33][34] In response, PT Angkasa Pura II banned the sale of sharkfin from the airport. [35][36] Other facilitiesThe airport contains the head office of Garuda Indonesia, Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center.[37] Angkasa Pura II's head office is on the airport property.[38] Ground transportationThere is a range of transport options available for access to the airport: local airport terminal shuttles, buses, taxi services of various kinds, cars, and (potentially) a rail link. It is agreed amongst Indonesian authorities that services are sometimes unsatisfactory.[39] Efforts to improve services have led to a noticeable lift in standards in recent years.[40] Inter-terminal shuttle transportationSoekarno–Hatta International Airport provides a free shuttle bus which connects Terminals 1, 2 and 3. BusesSeveral bus companies provide useful services to various destination from CGK. Currently the airport is served by three bus operators, Damri, Primajasa and Cipaganti. Information about buses and other transport is available at various points throughout arrival terminals. Damri buses operate from 4 a.m. (Western Indonesia Standard Time) to 7 p.m. Buses stop to pick up passengers at departure areas in all terminals. All buses use the Prof. Dr. Sedyatmo Toll Road. Travel time to and from the centre of Jakarta to the Gambir railway station takes around 70 minutes (sometimes longer), depending on traffic. Buses to the airport leave from the various terminals in central Jakarta (Gambir) and surrounding areas as shown below (It may vary depend on traffic).
Taxis and other servicesVarious taxi and shuttle services are provided by numerous service providers. Prices vary considerably depending on the service users choose (bus, shuttle services, ordinary taxis, executive taxis, and so on). Executive taxis (cost: around $US 25 to the centre of Jakarta) may be hired at the counters situated immediately outside of the exit doors from the terminals while other services are available just a short walk further on. There are signs and booking arrangements for other services, including various ordinary taxi cabs (metered cost: depends on distance, but around $US 12 to the centre of Jakarta). Travelers should be aware that not all taxi companies are reputable, and to exercise caution when choosing a taxi company. CarsSoekarno–Hatta is connected to Jakarta's city center via the Prof. Dr. Sedyatmo Toll Road. There is extensive car parking, including long-stay facilities, at the airport. Car rentals are also available. RailIn July 2011, the government has assigned PT Kereta Api to establish a railway that connect Manggarai station to the Airport via Tangerang with cost Rp.2.25 trillion ($250 million). 7-kilometer section of track will construct to connect the commuter line station in Tangerang and the airport besides to use siding system which the track section connected to a main line that allows for faster trains to overtakes slower services (likes passing lane of road). The existing single-track commuter line between Manggarai and Tanah Tinggi will be expanded to double-track line. The track as commuter line will connect Manggarai station, Sudirman, Tanah Abang, Duri, Grogol, Bojong Indah, Kalideres, Tanah Tinggi and Soekarno Hatta International Airport. The government also offer a 33-kilometer express line between Manggarai station and the airport via Angke and Pluit to investor as Public Private Partnership (PPP).[42][43] In March 2012, government decided to speed up the construction of a double track commuter railway which predicted would commence operations in the middle of 2013. Now PT KAI was studying the entry point at the airport, wether the train entered behind the airport through its M1 gate or it ran side by side with the Jakarta Outer Ring Road corridor before entering the airport.[44] Picture gallery
References
External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soekarno-Hatta Airport.
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