List of tallest buildings in Europe: Difference between revisions
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| [[Tekstilkent Plaza]] 1 || [[Istanbul]] || {{sort flagicon|TUR}} || 168 || 551 || 44 || 2000 |
| [[Tekstilkent Plaza]] 1 || [[Istanbul]] || {{sort flagicon|TUR}} || 168 || 551 || 44 || 2000 |
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| [[Mirax-Plaza Russia|Mirax-Plaza]] Tower B<ref>http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-2/2907/</ref> || [[Moscow]] || {{sort flagicon|RUS}} || 168 || 551 || 41 || 2013 |
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| Tekstilkent Plaza 2 || [[Istanbul]] || {{sort flagicon|TUR}} || 168 || 551 || 44 || 2000 |
| Tekstilkent Plaza 2 || [[Istanbul]] || {{sort flagicon|TUR}} || 168 || 551 || 44 || 2000 |
Revision as of 13:15, 22 May 2013
This list of tallest buildings in Europe ranks skyscrapers in Europe by height. Initially, only a few major financial centres, such as London, Paris, Frankfurt, Warsaw and Moscow contained skyscrapers. In recent years, however, skyscraper construction has spread to many other cities, including Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Istanbul, Katowice, Lisbon, Madrid, Milan, Naples, Rotterdam, Valencia and others.
Tallest building
The Mercury City Tower in Moscow, Russia is the tallest building in Europe, standing at 339 meters. It is also the tallest in Russia.
Other tall European skyscrapers
This lists ranks skyscrapers in Europe that stand at least 140 metres (459 ft) tall, based on standard height measurement. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. Existing structures are included for ranking purposes based on present height. This list includes buildings under construction that have already been topped out.
Name | City | Flag | Height A (metres) |
Height A (feet) |
Floors | Year built |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mercury City Tower | Moscow | 339 | 1,112 | 75 | 2012 | |
The Shard[1] | London | 309.6 | 1,017 | 87 | 2012 | |
Eurasia[2] | Moscow | 308.9 | 1,013 | 72 | 2013 | |
City of Capitals: Moscow Tower[3][4] | Moscow | 301.8 | 990 | 76 | 2010 | |
Naberezhnaya Tower C | Moscow | 268.4 | 881 | 59 | 2007 | |
Triumph Palace[5] | Moscow | 264.3 | 867 | 57 | 2005 | |
Istanbul Sapphire | Istanbul | 261 | 856 | 54 | 2010 | |
Commerzbank Tower | Frankfurt | 258.7 | 849 | 56 | 1997 | |
City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg Tower[3][6] | Moscow | 256.9 | 843 | 65 | 2010 | |
Messeturm | Frankfurt | 256.6 | 842 | 55 | 1990 | |
Torre Caja Madrid | Madrid | 250 | 820 | 45 | 2008 | |
Torre de Cristal | Madrid | 249 | 817 | 45 | 2008 | |
Varyap Meridian Grand Tower 1 | Istanbul | 244 | 801 | 61 | 2012 | |
Federation West Tower | Moscow | 242.4 | 795 | 62 | 2007 | |
Moscow State University | Moscow | 240 | 787 | 36 | 1953 | |
Imperia Tower | Moscow | 238.6 | 783 | 60 | 2011 | |
Palace of Culture and Science | Warsaw | 237 | 779 | 43 | 1955 | |
Torre PwC | Madrid | 236 | 774 | 52 | 2008 | |
1 Canada Square | London | 235.1 | 771 | 50 | 1991 | |
Unicredit Tower | Milan | 231 | 758 | 32 | 2011 | |
Tour First | ParisB | 231 | 758 | 56 | 2010 | |
Heron Tower | London | 230.0 | 755 | 46 | 2010 | |
Torre Espacio | Madrid | 228 | 750 | 57 | 2008 | |
DC Towers | Vienna | 220 | 721 | 60 | 2013[7] | |
House on Mosfilmovskaya 2[8] | Moscow | 213.3 | 700 | 54 | 2011[9] | |
Sky Tower[10] | Wrocław | 212 | 696 | 50 | 2012 | |
Tour Montparnasse | Paris | 210 | 689 | 59 | 1972 | |
Warsaw Trade Tower | Warsaw | 208 | 682 | 43 | 1999 | |
Westend Tower | Frankfurt | 208 | 682 | 53 | 1993 | |
Millennium Tower | Vienna | 202 | 663 | 51 | 1999 | |
Tower 185 | Frankfurt | 200 | 656 | 50 | 2011 | |
Main Tower | Frankfurt | 200 | 656 | 55 | 1999 | |
25 Canada Square | London | 199.5 | 655 | 45 | 2001 | |
8 Canada Square | London | 199.5 | 655 | 45 | 2002 | |
Hotel Ukraine | Moscow | 198 | 650 | 34 | 1955 | |
Anthill Residence 1[11] | Istanbul | 210 | 638 | 54 | 2011 | |
Anthill Residence 2[12] | Istanbul | 210 | 638 | 54 | 2011 | |
Varyap Meridian Tower A[13] | Istanbul | 193 | 633 | 54 | 2013[7] | |
Mirax-Plaza Tower A[14] | Moscow | 193 | 633 | 47 | 2013 | |
Złota 44 | Warsaw | 192 | 630 | 54 | 2012 | |
Vysotsky 3[15] | Yekaterinburg | 192 | 630 | 50 | 2011 | |
Rondo 1[16] | Warsaw | 192 | 630 | 40 | 2006 | |
Continental[17] | Moscow | 191 | 627 | 48 | 2011 | |
HSB Turning Torso | Malmö | 190 | 620 | 57 | 2005 | |
Flame Tower 1 | Baku | 190 | 620 | 33 | 2012 | |
Gran Hotel Bali | Benidorm | 187 | 614 | 52 | 2002 | |
Tour Total | ParisB | 187 | 614 | 48 | 1985 | |
Trianon | Frankfurt | 186 | 610 | 45 | 1993 | |
Tour T1 | ParisB | 185 | 607 | 36 | 2008 | |
Tour Areva | ParisB | 184 | 604 | 44 | 1974 | |
Tower 42 | London | 183 | 600 | 47 | 1980 | |
Tour Granite | ParisB | 183 | 600 | 36 | 2008 | |
Isbank Tower 1 | Istanbul | 181 | 594 | 52 | 2000 | |
Varyap Meridian Tower C[18] | Istanbul | 180 | 591 | 45 | 2013[7] | |
30 St Mary Axe | London | 179.8 | 590 | 41 | 2003 | |
Tour Gan | ParisB | 179 | 587 | 44 | 1974 | |
Sparrow Hills Tower II[19] | Moscow | 178 | 584 | 48 | 2004 | |
Edelweiss | Moscow | 176 | 577 | 43 | 2003 | |
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment | Moscow | 176 | 577 | 32 | 1952 | |
Aliye Parusa 2[20] | Moscow | 175.6 | 576 | 48 | 2003 | |
Avaz Twist Tower | Sarajevo | 172 | 564 | 42 | 2009 | |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Moscow | 172 | 564 | 27 | 1953 | |
Nordstar Tower[21] | Moscow | 172 | 563 | 42 | 2009 | |
Şişli Plaza | Istanbul | 170 | 558 | 46 | 2007 | |
Opernturm | Frankfurt | 170 | 558 | 42 | 2009 | |
Beetham Tower | Manchester | 169 | 554 | 50 | 2006 | |
Tekstilkent Plaza 1 | Istanbul | 168 | 551 | 44 | 2000 | |
Mirax-Plaza Tower B[22] | Moscow | 168 | 551 | 41 | 2013 | |
Tekstilkent Plaza 2 | Istanbul | 168 | 551 | 44 | 2000 | |
Tour Alicante | ParisC | 167 | 548 | 37 | 1995 | |
Tour Chassagne | ParisC | 167 | 548 | 37 | 1995 | |
Swissôtel Krasnye Holmy Moscow[23] | Moscow | 166.5 | 546 | 34 | 2005 | |
Silberturm | Frankfurt | 166 | 545 | 32 | 1978 | |
Maastoren | Rotterdam | 165 | 541 | 35 | 2009 | |
Tour du Crédit Lyonnais | Lyon | 165 | 541 | 42 | 1977 | |
Tour EDF | ParisD | 165 | 541 | 41 | 2001 | |
Iberdrola Tower | Bilbao | 165 | 541 | 40 | 2011 | |
Broadgate Tower | London | 164.3 | 539 | 35 | 2009 | |
Selenium Twins 1 [24] | Istanbul | 164 | 541 | 34 | 2008 | |
Selenium Twins 2 [24] | Istanbul | 164 | 541 | 34 | 2008 | |
Varyap Meridian Tower E[25] | Istanbul | 164 | 538 | 41 | 2012 | |
InterContinental Warsaw | Warsaw | 163.5 | 536 | 45 | 2003 | |
Post Tower[26] | Bonn | 163 | 535 | 42 | 2002 | |
Well House na Leninskom[27] | Moscow | 162 | 531 | 46 | 2009[28] | |
Palazzo Lombardia[29] | Milan | 161.3 | 529 | 39 | 2010 | |
Cœur Défense | ParisB | 161 | 528 | 40 | 2001 | |
Sparrow Hills Tower I[30] | Moscow | 161 | 528 | 43 | 2004 | |
Sparrow Hills Tower III[31] | Moscow | 161 | 528 | 43 | 2004 | |
Kudrinskaya Square[32] | Moscow | 160 | 520 | 22 | 1954 | |
Sky Tower 1[33] | Istanbul | 160 | 520 | 42 | 2010 | |
Flame Tower 2 | Baku | 160 | 520 | 30 | 2012 | |
Tour Assur (AXA) | ParisB | 159 | 522 | 39 | 1974 | |
Westend Gate | Frankfurt | 159 | 522 | 47 | 1976 | |
Akbank Tower | Istanbul | 158 | 518 | 39 | 1993 | |
Torre Lugano[34] | Benidorm | 158 | 518 | 43 | 2008 | |
New Orleans[35] | Rotterdam | 158 | 518 | 45 | 2010 | |
Torre Picasso | Madrid | 157 | 515 | 43 | 1988 | |
Parus Business Centre | Kiev | 156 | 512 | 34 | 2007 | |
One Churchill Place | London | 156 | 512 | 32 | 2004 | |
Tour Adria | ParisB | 155 | 509 | 40 | 2002 | |
Tour Egée | ParisB | 155 | 509 | 40 | 1999 | |
Deutsche Bank Tower I | Frankfurt | 155 | 509 | 40 | 1984 | |
Deutsche Bank Tower II | Frankfurt | 155 | 509 | 38 | 1984 | |
Trump Towers Istanbul[36] | Istanbul | 155 | 508 | 39 | 2010 | |
Hotel Arts Barcelona | Barcelona | 154 | 505 | 44 | 1992 | |
Torre Mapfre | Barcelona | 154 | 505 | 40 | 1992 | |
Skyper | Frankfurt | 154 | 505 | 38 | 2004 | |
Uprise Elite[36] | Istanbul | 154 | 505 | 42 | 2010 | |
Süzer Plaza Ritz-Carlton[36] | Istanbul | 154 | 504 | 34 | 1998 | |
25 Bank Street | London | 153 | 502 | 33 | 2003 | |
40 Bank Street | London | 153 | 502 | 33 | 2003 | |
Polat Tower Residence[37] | Istanbul | 153 | 500 | 40 | 2001 | |
Tour Ariane | ParisD | 152 | 499 | 36 | 1975 | |
Gebouw Delftse Poort 1[38] | Rotterdam | 151 | 497 | 41 | 1992 | |
PRISMA[39][40] | Yekaterinburg | 151 | 495 | 37 | 2009 | |
Gazprom[41] | Moscow | 151 | 495 | 35 | 1994 | |
10 Upper Bank Street | London | 151 | 495 | 32 | 2003 | |
Hochhaus Neue Donau[42] | Vienna | 150 | 492 | 34 | 2001 | |
Tour du Midi | Brussels | 150 | 492 | 38 | 1967 | |
Rembrandt Tower[43] | Amsterdam | 150 | 492 | 36 | 1995 | |
Millennium Tower | Rotterdam | 149 | 489 | 35 | 2000 | |
Europa Tower | Vilnius | 149 | 489 | 33 | 2004 | |
KölnTurm[44] | Cologne | 148 | 486 | 43 | 2001 | |
Eurotower | Frankfurt | 148 | 486 | 39 | 1977 | |
Strata SE1 | London | 148 | 486 | 43 | 2010 | |
Pan Peninsula | London | 147.4 | 484 | 48 | 2008 | |
Sun Plaza[45] | Istanbul | 147 | 482 | 38 | 2005 | |
Colonia-Hochhaus | Cologne | 147 | 482 | 42 | 1972 | |
Tour CMA-CGM[46] | Marseille | 147 | 482 | 33 | 2009 | |
House in Sokolniki[47] | Moscow | 146.9 | 482 | 43 | 2008 | |
Ministry of Security and Justice[48] | The Hague | 146 | 479 | 37 | 2012 | |
Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations | The Hague | 146 | 479 | 37 | 2012 | |
Hochaus Uptown München[49] | Munich | 146 | 479 | 38 | 2004 | |
Finance Tower[50] | Brussels | 145 | 476 | 36 | 1984 | |
Dexia Tower[51] | Brussels | 145 | 476 | 38 | 2006 | |
Jen-Tower | Jena | 145 | 476 | 30 | 1973 | |
Neguri Gane[52] | Benidorm | 145 | 476 | 40 | 2002 | |
Trump Towers Istanbul[53] | Istanbul | 145 | 475 | 37 | 2010 | |
Torre Agbar | Barcelona | 144.4 | 474 | 33 | 2004 | |
Tour Bretagne | Nantes | 144 | 472 | 32 | 1976 | |
Warsaw Financial Center[54] | Warsaw | 144 | 472 | 35 | 1998 | |
Torre Pontina[55] | Latina | 143 | 469 | 37 | 2010 | |
Metrocity Tower 2 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 35 | 2000 | |
Metrocity Tower 3 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 35 | 2000 | |
TAT Tower 1[53] | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 34 | 2000 | |
TAT Tower 2[53] | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 34 | 2000 | |
Metrocity Tower 1 | Istanbul | 143 | 469 | 31 | 2000 | |
Tour Pleyel | ParisE | 143 | 469 | 37 | 1972 | |
Guy's Tower | London | 142.6 | 468 | 34 | 1974 | |
Tour CBX | ParisB | 142 | 466 | 36 | 2005 | |
City-Haus[56] | Frankfurt | 142 | 466 | 42 | 1974 | |
Frankfurter Büro Center[57] | Frankfurt | 142 | 466 | 40 | 1980 | |
City-Hochhaus Leipzig[58] | Leipzig | 142 | 466 | 36 | 1971 | |
Hoftoren | The Hague | 142 | 466 | 30 | 2003 | |
Westpoint Tower | Tilburg | 142 | 466 | 48 | 2004 | |
Torre de Madrid | Madrid | 142 | 466 | 37 | 1957 | |
Sea Towers | Gdynia | 141.6 | 464 | 36 | 2009 | |
Gulliver | Kiev | 141 | 463 | 35 | 2012 | |
Ušće Tower | Belgrade | 141 | 463 | 25 | 1961 | |
Montevideo | Rotterdam | 140 | 459 | 43 | 2005 | |
Centrum LIM[59] | Warsaw | 140 | 459 | 43 | 1989 | |
Oxford Tower, Warsaw | Warsaw | 140 | 459 | 40 | 1978 | |
West Tower | Liverpool | 140 | 459 | 40 | 2007 | |
IZD Tower[60] | Vienna | 140 | 459 | 37 | 2001 | |
Izmailovsky 1[61] | Moscow | 140 | 459 | 37 | 2008 | |
Izmailovsky 2[61] | Moscow | 140 | 459 | 37 | 2008 | |
Sabanci Center 2 | Istanbul | 140 | 459 | 34 | 1993 | |
Sisli Elit Residence[62] | Istanbul | 140 | 459 | 35 | 2000 | |
22 Marsh Wall East Tower | London | 140 | 459 | 40 | 2010 | |
Edificio Kronos[63] | Benidorm | 140 | 459 | 41 | 2008 | |
Flame Tower 3 | Baku | 140 | 460 | 28 | 2012 | |
Avenue 77 block 1[64][65] | Moscow | 148.5 | - | 45 | 2008 | |
Avenue 77 block 2[64][65] | Moscow | 148.5 | - | 45 | 2008 | |
Avenue 77 block 3[64][65] | Moscow | 148.5 | - | 45 | 2008 | |
many lower buildings |
Timeline of tallest buildings
Name | City | Years as tallest | Metres | Feet | Floors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mercury City Tower | Moscow | 2012-Present | 339 | 1,112 | 75 |
The Shard | London | 2012 | 310 | 1,016 | 87 |
City of Capitals: Moscow | Moscow | 2009–2012 | 302 | 989 | 77 |
Naberezhnaya Tower C | Moscow | 2007–2009 | 268 | 881 | 59 |
Triumph-Palace | Moscow | 2005–2007 | 264 | 867 | 57 |
Commerzbank Tower | Frankfurt | 1997–2005 | 259 | 849 | 56 |
Messeturm | Frankfurt | 1990–1997 | 257 | 843 | 55 |
Moscow State University | Moscow | 1953–1990 | 240 | 787 | 36 |
Kotelnicheskaya Embankment | Moscow | 1952–1953 | 176 | 577 | 32 |
Terrazza Martini Tower | Genoa | 1940–1952 | 108 | 354 | 31 |
Boerentoren | Antwerp | 1932–1940 | 96 | 315 | 26 |
Royal Liver Building | Liverpool | 1911–1932 | 90 | 300 | 13 |
Witte Huis | Rotterdam | 1898–1911 | 43 | 141 | 10 |
Projects under construction
This section needs to be updated.(February 2011) |
This lists buildings that are under construction in Europe and are planned to rise at least 140 metres (459 ft).
Tallest European skyscrapers by pinnacle height
Some skyscraper enthusiasts prefer this measurement, claiming that the extensions that can or cannot be deemed "architectural" are subjective. However, many non-architectural extensions (such as radio antennas) are easily added and removed from tall buildings without significantly changing the style and design of the building, which is seen as a significant part of the value of these buildings. The list includes all skyscrapers at least 200 metres (656 ft) tall, but it is subject to change because of simplicity of mast changes.
Name | City | Metres | Feet | Floors | Completed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mercury City Tower[89] | Moscow | 339 | 1,112 | 75 | 2012 |
The Shard | London | 310 | 1,017 | 87 | 2012 |
City of Capitals:[3] | Moscow | 302 | 989 | 76 | 2009[28] |
Commerzbank Tower | Frankfurt | 300 | 985 | 56 | 1997 |
Naberezhnaya Tower C | Moscow | 268 | 881 | 59 | 2007 |
Triumph-Palace | Moscow | 264 | 868 | 57 | 2005 |
Sapphire of Istanbul | Istanbul | 261 | 856 | 54 | 2010 |
City of Capitals: Saint Petersburg[3] | Moscow | 257 | 843 | 65 | 2009[28] |
Messeturm | Frankfurt | 257 | 843 | 55 | 1990 |
Torre Caja Madrid | Madrid | 250 | 820 | 45 | 2008 |
Torre de Cristal | Madrid | 249 | 817 | 45 | 2007 |
Federation West Tower | Moscow | 242 | 795 | 62 | 2007 |
Main Tower | Frankfurt | 240 | 787 | 55 | 1999 |
Moscow State University | Moscow | 240 | 787 | 36 | 1953 |
Imperia Tower | Moscow | 239 | 784 | 60 | 2011 [90] |
Torre Sacyr Vallehermoso | Madrid | 236 | 774 | 52 | 2007 |
Torre Espacio | Madrid | 236 | 774 | 57 | 2007 |
One Canada Square | London | 235 | 771 | 50 | 1991 |
Tour First | Paris | 231 | 758 | 56 | 2010 |
Palace of Culture and Science | Warsaw | 230.7 | 757 | 43 | 1955 |
Heron Tower | London | 230 | 755 | 47 | 2010 |
House on Mosfilmovskaya 2[8] | Moscow | 213.3 | 700 | 54 | 2012 |
Anthill Residence 1 | Istanbul | 210 | 689 | 54 | 2011 |
Anthill Residence 2 | Istanbul | 210 | 689 | 54 | 2011 |
Gran Hotel Bali | Benidorm | 210 | 689 | 52 | 2002 |
Tour Montparnasse | Paris | 210 | 689 | 59 | 1972 |
Westend Tower | Frankfurt | 208 | 682 | 53 | 1993 |
Warsaw Trade Tower | Warsaw | 208 | 682 | 43 | 1999 |
Millennium Tower | Vienna | 202 | 663 | 51 | 1999 |
25 Canada Square | London | 200 | 656 | 45 | 2001 |
8 Canada Square | London | 200 | 656 | 45 | 2002 |
many lower buildings |
Notes
- ^A To the architectural tip
- ^B Specifically located in Courbevoie, in the inner suburbs of Paris
- ^C Specifically located in Nanterre, in the inner suburbs of Paris
- ^D Specifically located in Puteaux, in the inner suburbs of Paris
- ^E Specifically located in Saint-Denis, in the inner suburbs of Paris
See also
- List of tallest buildings in Asia
- List of tallest buildings in Africa
- List of tallest buildings in the world
References
- ^ "Shard London Bridge". SkyscraperNews.com. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Eurasia Tower". Retrieved 11 March 2013.
- ^ a b c d "City of Capitals". Skyscrapercity.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ CTBUH. "CTBUH City of Capitals profile". 55.74794 37.53901: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Triumph-Palace official site[dead link]
- ^ CTBUH. "CTBUH City of Capitals profile". 55.74740 37.53852: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ a b c topped out in 2012
- ^ a b Official site[dead link]
- ^ Topped out in 2009, but still under construction
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- ^ CTBUH: Anthill Residence 1
- ^ CTBUH: Anthill Residence 2
- ^ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian A Block
- ^ http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-1/1893/
- ^ CTBUH. "CTBUH: Antey-III". 56.83613 60.61449: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ "Rondo 1-B, Warsaw". Warsaw /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ CTBUH: Continental
- ^ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian C Block
- ^ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower II
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- ^ CTBUH: Nordstar Tower
- ^ http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/moscow/mirax-plaza-2/2907/
- ^ "Swissotel Krasnye Holmy at SkyscraperPage". Skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
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- ^ CTBUH: Varyap Meridian E Block
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- ^ Wellhouse at Leninsky Official site
- ^ a b c topped out in 2008
- ^ CTBUH. "Palazzo Lombardia at CTBUH". 45.48668 9.19650: Buildingdb.ctbuh.org. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower I
- ^ CTBUH: Vorobiovy Gory Tower III
- ^ "Kudrinskaya Square". Moscow /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Official site
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- ^ "Gebouw Delftse Poort 1". Rotterdam /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ PRISMA, Gefest metal factory
- ^ Prisma, Yekaterinburg at emporis.com
- ^ "Gazprom building". Moscow /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Hochhaus Neue Donau". Vienna /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Rembrandt Towerat". Amsterdam /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Köln Turm". Cologne /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Sun Plaza, Istanbul on". Istanbul /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Tour CMA-CGM, Marseille". Marseille /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Official site[dead link]
- ^ "Bouw ministeries bereikt hoogste punt - Nieuws - InOverheid.nl - Alles over werken bij de overheid". InOverheid.nl. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
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- ^ "Tour Finances / Financietoren". Brussels /: Emporis.com. 2005-01-01. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
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- ^ "Frankfurter Büro Center, Frakfurt". DE /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Panorama Tower". Leipzig /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Centrum LIM, Warsaw". Warsaw /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "IZD Tower SkyscraperPage entry". Skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ a b Official site[dead link]
- ^ "Sisli Elit Residence, Istanbul". Istanbul /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Edificio Kronos". Benidorm /: Emporis.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ a b c Avenue 77, Moscow at emporis.com
- ^ a b c "Moscow". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ CTBUH: Lakhta Center
- ^ http://www.gazeta.ru/interview/nm/s3685321.shtml
- ^ CTBUH: Oko Tower 1
- ^ "DC Towers Facts and Figures". DC Towers. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
- ^ "Milano – CityLife — Urbanfile Italia". Urbanfile.it. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ a b 04:15 AM. "Çiftçi Towers | 46fl x 2 | 204m | U/C - Page 12". SkyscraperCity. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ 08.07.2012 05:15. "Maslak Spine Tower'da metrekaresi 12 bin dolara!". Emlakkulisi.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has numeric name (help) - ^ "Residencial In Tempo, Benidorm". Benidorm /: Emporis.com. 2004-03-11. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Tekfen Construction web page". Tekfeninsaat.com.tr. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ a b "Özdilek Plaza | LEVENT | 38fl | 170m | 37fl | 170m | U/C". SkyscraperCity. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "CityLife". City-life.it. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Rönesans Kulesi'nde Doğu'nun Ruhu". Milliyetemlak.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "AÄ&#x;aoÄ&#x;lu Andromeda Plus Projesi Lansman Ă–ncesi SatÄąĹ&#x;ta". Emlakjet.com. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "presents Building 1, its new main office building in Basel". Roche. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Tishman Speyer". Tishman Speyer. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "CityLife – Torre il Curvo – Torre Daniel Libeskind — Urbanfile Italia". Urbanfile.it. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "Milano – Solaria e Solea Porta Nuova — Urbanfile Italia". Urbanfile.it. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ "İstanbloom". İstanbloom. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ a b "Milano – Torre Varesine B Diamantone – Porta Nuova — Urbanfile Italia". Urbanfile.it. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-mitte-erster-wolkenkratzer-am-alex-wird-ein-wohnturm/4602296.html
- ^ a b c d e "De Rotterdam". Rotterdam /: Emporis. Retrieved 2013-02-14. Cite error: The named reference "emporis1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "IC İçtaş İnşaat". Ictas.com.tr. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ Genius_Loci. "Parco Tecnologico e Scientifico degli Erzelli — Urbanfile Italia". Urbanfile.it. Retrieved 2012-07-08.
- ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-31/moscow-mercury-city-tops-shard-as-europe-s-tallest-tower.html
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