Novorossiya Governorate: Difference between revisions

New Russia Governorate
Novorossiysk Governorate
New Russia Governorate; Novorossiysk Governorate
Governorate of Russian Empire
1764–1783
	;
Capital	St Elizabeth Fort (1764); Kremenchug (1765-1776); Yekaterinoslav I (Novorossiysk) (1776-1783)
History
• Established	22 March 1764
• First disestablishment	1783
• Reestablished	December 1796
• Disestablished	1783
Political subdivisions	provinces, uyezds
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	New Serbia (historical province)
	Slavo-Serbia
	Cossack Hetmanate
Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty

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New Russia Governorate or Novorossiysk Governorate (Russian: Новоросси́йская губе́рния; translit.: Novorossiyskaya guberniya) was a governorate of the Russian Empire at Ukrainian territories that existing from 1764 until 1783. Most of its territories belonged to the Zaporizhian Sich and the Poltava Regiment of the Cossack Hetmanate. The preparation was strategically successful and advantageous for Russia and upon the conclusion of the war it gave a way for it to access the Black Sea and establish an area that became known as New Russia. It was created based on the Military Frontier of the Austrian Empire against the Ottoman Empire and involved many military units from the region that were resettled in Ukraine. The military units included mounted cossacks (or hussars) and mounted pikers (or lancers).

In 1796 to 1802 the governorate was reestablished as a direct predecessor of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate.

History

It was created on 2 April [O.S. 22 March] 1764 as a military district for the protection of the southern border of the empire and in preparation for the major military campaign of the Russo-Turkish War. The governorate united the territories of New Serbia and New Sloboda (today in Kirovohrad Oblast) which were the northern regions of Buhohard Palatinate (Zaporizhian Sich). The governorate, centered in the fortress of Saint Elizabeth, initially was divided into three territories (polki) assigned to each regiment in the area: Elizabeth City Pikers Regiment, Black Hussars Regiment, and Yellow Hussars Regiment.

As of 22 June [O.S. 11 June] 1764 the governorate also included the so-called Ukrainian Line (Ukrainian Defense Line, a line of Russian built fortress between Dnieper and Donets) that was administrated by the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments (based on the Habsburg's Pandurs, the cossacks of Poltava, the Myrhorod regiments), the Slavo-Serbia with Luhansk Pikers Regiment, and the Raiko Preradovic and Ivan Sevic Hussars regiments (soon the later two were united into the Bakhmut Hussars Regiment) as well as the Samara Hussar Regiment (originally the Moldavian Hussars Regiment based in Kiev).

The first capital of the governorate was the city of Kremenchug with the fortress of Saint Elizabeth (today Kirovohrad) being the main headquarters of local garrison.

Pikers unrest

In 1769-70 during the 1768-74 Russian-Ottoman War there was an uprising among the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments.^[1] The unrest started on territory of today's Poltava Oblast and eventually spread across the lands of the Zaporizhian Host.^[1] It was mercilessly put down by Russian Imperial forces and its instigators were punished by knout or sent to katorga.^[1] The Donets Pikers Regiment eventually was forcefully sent to the war where it played a key role in forcing Syvash, taken of Perekop, Caffa (Feodosiya).^[1]

Destruction of Zaporizhian Sich

In June of 1775 the Russian Imperial Army razed the capital of the Zaporizhian Sich, after which all its lands were annexed to the Novorossiysk Governorate. The following year the Bakhmut and Catherine provinces were transferred to the newly established Azov Governorate.

Second establishment

In December 1796, Paul I reestablished the Novorossiysk Governorate, mostly with land from the former Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. In 1802, this province was divided into the Nikolayev Governorate (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), the Yekaterinoslav Governorate, and the Taurida Governorate.

A Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants to the land.

Subdivisions

Bakhmut Province (1764-1775) transferred to the Azov Governorate
Kremenchug Province
Yekaterine Province
Yelizaveta Province

Governors

General Governors

Viceroys (namestnik)

1779-83 Timofei Tutolmin
1783-88 Ivan Sinelnikov
1788–94 Vasiliy Kakhovsky
1794–96 Iosif Khorvat
1797–1800 Ivan Seletsky
1800–01 Ivan Nikolayev
1801–02 Mikhail Miklashevsky

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 1769-70 Pikers Uprising. Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia.

External links

Yekaterinoslav Guberniya – Historical coat of arms
New Russia gubernia at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
Katerinoslav gubernia – Article in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine

[pikers_unrest-1] 1769-70 Pikers Uprising. Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia.

[1]

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 [[File:Ukrainskaya liniya.1745.jpg|thumb|Map of the Ukrainian Line]]
 [[File:1750 Zaporozh.png|thumb|[[Zaporizhia Sich]] in 1760 with territories colonized by foreigners]]
-'''New Russia Governorate''' or '''Novorossiysk Governorate''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Новоросси́йская губе́рния}}; [[Romanization of Russian|translit.]]: ''Novorossiyskaya guberniya'') was a [[guberniya|governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]] at Ukrainian territories that existing from 1764 until 1783. Most of its territories belonged to [[Zaporizhian Sich]] and Poltava Regiment of [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. The preparation was strategically successful and advantageous for Russians and upon the conclusion of the war it gave a way to access the [[Black Sea]] and establishing an area that became to be known as [[New Russia]]. It was created based on the [[Military Frontier]] of [[Austrian Empire]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] and involved many military units from the region that were resettled in Ukraine. The military units included mounted cossacks (or [[hussars]]) and mounted pikers (or [[lancers]]).
+'''New Russia Governorate''' or '''Novorossiysk Governorate''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Новоросси́йская губе́рния}}; [[Romanization of Russian|translit.]]: ''Novorossiyskaya guberniya'') was a [[guberniya|governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]] at Ukrainian territories that existing from 1764 until 1783. Most of its territories belonged to the [[Zaporizhian Sich]] and the Poltava Regiment of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. The preparation was strategically successful and advantageous for Russia and upon the conclusion of the war it gave a way for it to access the [[Black Sea]] and establish an area that became known as [[New Russia]]. It was created based on the [[Military Frontier]] of the [[Austrian Empire]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] and involved many military units from the region that were resettled in Ukraine. The military units included mounted cossacks (or [[hussars]]) and mounted pikers (or [[lancers]]).
 In 1796 to 1802 the governorate was reestablished as a direct predecessor of the [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]].
 ==History==
-It was created on {{OldStyleDate|2 April|1764|22 March}} as a military district for the protection of the southern border of the empire and in preparation to the major military campaign of [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Russo-Turkish War]]. The governorate united the territories of [[New Serbia (historical province)|New Serbia]] and [[New Sloboda]] (today in [[Kirovohrad Oblast]]) which were the northern regions Buhohard Palatinate ([[Zaporizhian Sich]]). The governorate, centered in the fortress of Saint Elizabeth, initially was divided into three territories (polki) assigned to each regiment in the area: Elizabeth City Pikers Regiment, Black Hussars Regiment, and Yellow Hussars Regiment.
+It was created on {{OldStyleDate|2 April|1764|22 March}} as a military district for the protection of the southern border of the empire and in preparation for the major military campaign of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Russo-Turkish War]]. The governorate united the territories of [[New Serbia (historical province)|New Serbia]] and [[New Sloboda]] (today in [[Kirovohrad Oblast]]) which were the northern regions of Buhohard Palatinate ([[Zaporizhian Sich]]). The governorate, centered in the fortress of Saint Elizabeth, initially was divided into three territories (polki) assigned to each regiment in the area: Elizabeth City Pikers Regiment, Black Hussars Regiment, and Yellow Hussars Regiment.
-On {{OldStyleDate|22 June|1764|11 June}} the governorate also included the so-called ''Ukrainian Line'' ([[Ukrainian Defense Line]], a line of Russian built forts between [[Dnieper]] and [[Donets]]) that was administrated by Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments (based on the Habsburg's [[Trenck's Pandurs|Pandurs]] and cossacks of Poltava and [[Myrhorod Regiment|Myrhorod]] regiments), [[Slavo-Serbia]] with Luhansk Pikers Regiment, Raiko Preradovic and Ivan Sevic Hussars regiments (soon the later two were united into the Bakhmut Hussars Regiment) as well as the Samara Hussar Regiment (originally Moldavian Hussars Regiment based in Kiev).
+As of {{OldStyleDate|22 June|1764|11 June}} the governorate also included the so-called ''Ukrainian Line'' ([[Ukrainian Defense Line]], a line of Russian built fortress between [[Dnieper]] and [[Donets]]) that was administrated by the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments (based on the Habsburg's [[Trenck's Pandurs|Pandurs]], the cossacks of Poltava, the [[Myrhorod Regiment|Myrhorod]] regiments), the [[Slavo-Serbia]] with Luhansk Pikers Regiment, and the Raiko Preradovic and Ivan Sevic Hussars regiments (soon the later two were united into the Bakhmut Hussars Regiment) as well as the Samara Hussar Regiment (originally the Moldavian Hussars Regiment based in Kiev).
-The capital of the governorate at first was the city of [[Kremenchug]] with the fortress of Saint Elizabeth (today [[Kirovohrad]]) being the main headquarters of local garrison.
+The first capital of the governorate was the city of [[Kremenchug]] with the fortress of Saint Elizabeth (today [[Kirovohrad]]) being the main headquarters of local garrison.
 ===Pikers unrest===
-In 1769-70 during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)|1768-74 Russian-Ottoman War]] there was an uprising among Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments.<ref name=pikers_unrest>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140929134056/http://leksika.com.ua/19770128/ure/pikineriv_povstannya_1769-_70 1769-70 Pikers Uprising]. [[Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia]].</ref> The unrest started on territory of today [[Poltava Oblast]] and eventually spread across lands of the [[Zaporizhian Host]].<ref name=pikers_unrest/> It was mercilessly extinguished by the Russian Imperial forces and its instigators were punished by [[knout]] or sent to [[katorga]].<ref name=pikers_unrest/> Donets Pikers Regiment eventually was forcefully sent to the war where it played a key role in forcing [[Syvash]], taken of Perekop, Caffa ([[Feodosiya]]).<ref name=pikers_unrest/>
+In 1769-70 during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)|1768-74 Russian-Ottoman War]] there was an uprising among the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments.<ref name=pikers_unrest>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140929134056/http://leksika.com.ua/19770128/ure/pikineriv_povstannya_1769-_70 1769-70 Pikers Uprising]. [[Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia]].</ref> The unrest started on territory of today's [[Poltava Oblast]] and eventually spread across the lands of the [[Zaporizhian Host]].<ref name=pikers_unrest/> It was mercilessly put down by Russian Imperial forces and its instigators were punished by [[knout]] or sent to [[katorga]].<ref name=pikers_unrest/> The Donets Pikers Regiment eventually was forcefully sent to the war where it played a key role in forcing [[Syvash]], taken of Perekop, Caffa ([[Feodosiya]]).<ref name=pikers_unrest/>
 ===Destruction of Zaporizhian Sich===
-In June of 1775 the [[Russian Imperial Army]] razed the capital of [[Zaporizhian Sich]], after which all its lands were transferred to the Novorossiysk Governorate. Yet next year Bakhmut and Catherine provinces were transferred to the newly established [[Azov Governorate]].
+In June of 1775 the [[Russian Imperial Army]] razed the capital of the [[Zaporizhian Sich]], after which all its lands were annexed to the Novorossiysk Governorate. The following year the Bakhmut and Catherine provinces were transferred to the newly established [[Azov Governorate]].
-==Second creation==
+==Second establishment==
-In December 1796, [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] reestablished the Novorossiysk Governorate, mostly with land from the former [[Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty]]. In 1802, this province was divided into the [[Nikolayev Governorate]] (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]], and the [[Taurida Governorate]].
+In December 1796, [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] reestablished the Novorossiysk Governorate, mostly with land from the former [[Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty]]. In 1802, this province was divided into the [[Nikolayev Governorate]] (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), the [[Yekaterinoslav Governorate]], and the [[Taurida Governorate]].
-Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants to the land.
+A Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants to the land.
 ==Subdivisions==

v t e Historical regions in present-day Ukraine
Geographical regions	Central Ukraine / Dnieper Ukraine Left-bank Ukraine Right-bank Ukraine Polissia Siveria Kryvbas Eastern Ukraine Donbas Pryazovia Sloboda Ukraine Zaporizhzhia Southern Ukraine Budjak Yedisan Crimea Novorossiya Western Ukraine Chełm Land Carpathian Ruthenia Halychyna Hertsa region Lodomeria Naddnistrianshchyna Northern Bukovina Northern Maramorshchyna Podolia Pokuttia Prykarpattia Volhynia
States and tribes of classical antiquity and the Early Middle Ages	Cimmeria Sarmatia Dacia Taurica Scythia Khazaria Onoğurs Kazarig Avar Khaganate Old Great Bulgaria Ruthenia
Principalities of Kyivan Rus'	Chernigov Halych Novhorod-Seversk Kyiv Terebovlia Turov Pereyaslav Volhynia
Post-Mongol era regions	Golden Horde Crimean Khanate Principality of Theodoro Red Ruthenia Cherven Cities Carpathian Ruthenia Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Polish–Lithuanian regions	Belz Voivodeship Bracław Voivodeship Chernihiv Voivodeship Kyiv Voivodeship Podolian Voivodeship Ruthenian Voivodeship Volhynian Voivodeship Wild Fields
Ottoman provinces	Ottoman Ukraine Danube Vilayet Kefe Eyalet Podolia Eyalet Silistra Eyalet Yedisan
Cossack regions	Cossack Hetmanate Right-bank Ukraine Left-bank Ukraine Sloboda Ukraine Zaporozhian Sich Little Russia
Imperial Russian regions	Black Sea Cossack Host Southwestern Krai / Kyiv Military District Kyiv Governorate Volhynian Governorate Podolia Governorate Bessarabia Governorate Kharkov Governorate Kyiv Governorate (1708–64) New Serbia Slavo-Serbia Little Russia Governorate (1764–1781) Little Russia Governorate (1796–1802) Volhynian Viceroyalty Poltava Governorate Chernihiv Governorate Kholm Governorate Kharkov Governorate Taurida Governorate Novorossiya Governorate Yekaterinoslav Governorate Kherson Governorate Nikolayev War Governorate Gradonachalstvo Odessa Izmail Nikolayev Sevastopol Feodosia Kerch-Yenikale Yalta Taganrog
Austro-Hungarian provinces	Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Duchy of Bukovina
20th-century regions and states	Ukrainian People's Republic West Ukrainian People's Republic Ukrainian State Lemko Republic Hutsul Republic Makhnovshchina Ukrainian SSR Moldavian ASSR Drohobych Oblast Izmail Oblast Crimean Oblast Lviv Voivodeship Ternopil Voivodeship Volyn Voivodeship Stanyslaviv Voivodeship Carpatho-Ukraine Governorate of Subcarpathia Kharkiv Governorate Reichskommissariat Ukraine Distrikt Galizien
Ethno-Ukrainian regions abroad	Green Ukraine Grey Ukraine Kholm Kuban Lemko Region Southern Maramorshchyna Priashiv Sian River Yellow Ukraine

v t e Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov¹ +Altai² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod Astrakhan Belgorod Bessarabia Bratslav Belarus Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Iziaslav Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kolyvan Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod-Seversky Novgorod Novorossiya Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Polotsk* Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Voznesensk Vologda Volhynia Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Transbaikal Kamchatka Caspian Kwantung Orenburg Kirghiz Omsk Primorskaya Sakhalin Taurida Tarnopol Turgay Ural Yakut
Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberian Kirghiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku (Governorate) Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutaisi Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Batum Dagestan Imeretia Kars Kuban Terek Sukhumi Zakatal Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Warsaw Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai² Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug*
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.