Psychobiotic: Difference between revisions
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Research to understand the mechanisms of psychobiotics on the [[gut–brain axis]], and [[spinal cord]], is currently under way. Preliminary evidence suggests modulation of [[Neuroimmunology|neuroimmunologic]], [[Neuroinflammation|neuroinflammatory]], and [[neurohormone|neurohormonal]] pathways. Other possible mechanisms identified include modulation of the [[hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis]], the [[vagus nerve]], [[microglia]], [[myelination]], and [[prefrontal cortex]] [[gene expression]].<ref name="pmid27045844">{{cite journal| author=Hoban AE, Stilling RM, Ryan FJ, Shanahan F, Dinan TG, Claesson MJ et al.| title=Regulation of prefrontal cortex myelination by the microbiota. | journal=Transl Psychiatry | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= e774 | pmid=27045844 | doi=10.1038/tp.2016.42 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27045844 }} </ref> |
Research to understand the mechanisms of psychobiotics on the [[gut–brain axis]], and [[spinal cord]], is currently under way. Preliminary evidence suggests modulation of [[Neuroimmunology|neuroimmunologic]], [[Neuroinflammation|neuroinflammatory]], and [[neurohormone|neurohormonal]] pathways. Other possible mechanisms identified include modulation of the [[hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis]], the [[vagus nerve]], [[microglia]], [[myelination]], and [[prefrontal cortex]] [[gene expression]].<ref name="pmid27045844">{{cite journal| author=Hoban AE, Stilling RM, Ryan FJ, Shanahan F, Dinan TG, Claesson MJ et al.| title=Regulation of prefrontal cortex myelination by the microbiota. | journal=Transl Psychiatry | year= 2016 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= e774 | pmid=27045844 | doi=10.1038/tp.2016.42 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27045844 }} </ref> |
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Additionally, recent studies have correlated the [[oral health|oral microbiome]] to cognitive function. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 19:01, 9 April 2016
Psychobiotics defined by Dinan et al.[1] as those living organisms that on sufficient ingestion produces a health benefit in those patients with psychiatric, or neurological, illnesses.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Research to understand the mechanisms of psychobiotics on the gut–brain axis, and spinal cord, is currently under way. Preliminary evidence suggests modulation of neuroimmunologic, neuroinflammatory, and neurohormonal pathways. Other possible mechanisms identified include modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the vagus nerve, microglia, myelination, and prefrontal cortex gene expression.[8]
Additionally, recent studies have correlated the oral microbiome to cognitive function.
See also
2
References
- ^ Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF (2013). "Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic". Biol Psychiatry. 74 (10): 720–6. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001. PMID 23759244.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Zhou L, Foster JA (2015). "Psychobiotics and the gut-brain axis: in the pursuit of happiness". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 11: 715–23. doi:10.2147/NDT.S61997. PMC 4370913. PMID 25834446.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Gnanavel S (2015). "Psychobiotics: the latest psychotropics". Indian J Psychol Med. 37 (1): 110. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.150862. PMC 4341301. PMID 25722529.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Evrensel A, Ceylan ME (2015). "The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression". Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 13 (3): 239–244. doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239. PMC 4662178. PMID 26598580.
- ^ Kelly JR, Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Hyland NP (2015). "Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders". Front Cell Neurosci. 9: 392. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00392. PMC 4604320. PMID 26528128.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Smythies LE, Smythies JR (2014). "Microbiota, the immune system, black moods and the brain-melancholia updated". Front Hum Neurosci. 8: 720. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00720. PMC 4163975. PMID 25309394.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Selhub EM, Logan AC, Bested AC (2014). "Fermented foods, microbiota, and mental health: ancient practice meets nutritional psychiatry". J Physiol Anthropol. 33: 2. doi:10.1186/1880-6805-33-2. PMC 3904694. PMID 24422720.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hoban AE, Stilling RM, Ryan FJ, Shanahan F, Dinan TG, Claesson MJ; et al. (2016). "Regulation of prefrontal cortex myelination by the microbiota". Transl Psychiatry. 6: e774. doi:10.1038/tp.2016.42. PMID 27045844.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)