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The Anza Mk-I entered service with the [[Pakistan Army]] in January 1990,<ref name="Fact" /><ref name="MKI" /><ref name="MKII" /> followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.<ref name="MKII" /> Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the [[Pakistan Army]] was announced in 2006.
The Anza Mk-I entered service with the [[Pakistan Army]] in January 1990,<ref name="Fact" /><ref name="MKI" /><ref name="MKII" /> followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.<ref name="MKII" /> Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the [[Pakistan Army]] was announced in 2006.


In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2005/May/Pages/SB-Pakistan_Pushing3217.aspx|title=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports|author=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports |accessdate=2009-02-20|date=May 2005|publisher=National Defense}}</ref> displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the [[United Arab Emirates]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/22/eng20070222_351674.html|title=Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report|author=Xinhua|publisher=People's Daily|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefinancialdaily.com/NewsSearchResult/NewsSearchDetail.aspx?NewsId=62490&quot%3B&gt%3B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304174513/http://thefinancialdaily.com/newssearchresult/newssearchdetail.aspx?gt;&newsid=62490&quot; |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2016-03-04 |title=Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Financial Daily International }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf|title=Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS)|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=Asian Defence Journal| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213042/http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2005/May/Pages/SB-Pakistan_Pushing3217.aspx|title=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports|author=Pakistan Pushing Military Exports |accessdate=2009-02-20|date=May 2005|publisher=National Defense}}</ref> displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the [[United Arab Emirates]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200702/22/eng20070222_351674.html|title=Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report|author=Xinhua|publisher=People's Daily|accessdate=2009-02-20}}</ref> and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thefinancialdaily.com/NewsSearchResult/NewsSearchDetail.aspx?NewsId=62490&quot%3B&gt%3B |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304174513/http://thefinancialdaily.com/newssearchresult/newssearchdetail.aspx?gt%3B&newsid=62490%22 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2016-03-04 |title=Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Financial Daily International }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf |title=Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS) |accessdate=2009-02-20 |publisher=Asian Defence Journal |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224213042/http://www.ideaspakistan.gov.pk/ideas2008/downloads/IDEAS2008_EventBulletin_2.pdf |archivedate=24 February 2009 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>


===Training aids===
===Training aids===
The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.<ref name="Simulator">{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?a=org_prod_listings&pid=199&id=5&product=Optronics,%20Surveillance%20and%20Sighting%20Systems |title=Training Simulator for Anza MK-II (ATS-II) |accessdate=2009-02-07 |publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organisation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212020552/http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&pid=199&a=org_prod_listings&product=Optronics,%20Surveillance%20and%20Sighting%20Systems |archivedate=2012-02-12 |df= }}</ref>
The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.<ref name="Simulator">{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?a=org_prod_listings&pid=199&id=5&product=Optronics,%20Surveillance%20and%20Sighting%20Systems |title=Training Simulator for Anza MK-II (ATS-II) |accessdate=2009-02-07 |publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organisation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212020552/http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&pid=199&a=org_prod_listings&product=Optronics%2C%20Surveillance%20and%20Sighting%20Systems |archivedate=2012-02-12 |df= }}</ref>


The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.<ref name="Drone">{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics,+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |title=High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK |publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organization |accessdate=2009-02-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219193320/http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics,+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |archivedate=2012-02-19 |df= }}</ref> It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.<ref name="Drone" /> The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.<ref name="Drone" />
The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.<ref name="Drone">{{cite web|url=http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics,+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |title=High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK |publisher=Defence Export Promotion Organization |accessdate=2009-02-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219193320/http://www.depo.org.pk/index.php?id=5&a=org_prod_listings&pid=207&product=Optronics%2C+Surveillance+and+Sighting+Systems |archivedate=2012-02-19 |df= }}</ref> It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.<ref name="Drone" /> The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.<ref name="Drone" />


==Variants==
==Variants==
* '''Anza Mk-I''' - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the [[Pakistan Army]]. Development is believed to have been assisted by China <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cns.miis.edu/archive/country_india/china/msaspos.htm |title=China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=August 1999 |publisher=James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409220048/http://cns.miis.edu/archive/country_india/china/msaspos.htm |archivedate=2010-04-09 |df= }}</ref> {{citation needed|date=June 2017}}{{not in reference|date=June 2017}} and the design is similar to the [[HN-5|HN-5B]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp|title=HN-5 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2007-12-21}}</ref> A British source the Anza is a copy of the [[SA-7 Grail]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://babriet.tripod.com/articles/art_armoredge.htm|title=Pak armour has edge over India|last=Cloughley|first=Brian|work=Jane's Intelligence Review|publisher=Jane's Information Group|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref> Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989-1998.<ref name="Report" />
* '''Anza Mk-I''' - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the [[Pakistan Army]]. Development is believed to have been assisted by China <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cns.miis.edu/archive/country_india/china/msaspos.htm |title=China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=August 1999 |publisher=James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409220048/http://cns.miis.edu/archive/country_india/china/msaspos.htm |archivedate=2010-04-09 |df= }}</ref> {{citation needed|date=June 2017}}{{not in reference|date=June 2017}} and the design is similar to the [[HN-5|HN-5B]] MANPADS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |title=HN-5 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-12-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201094551/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hn5.asp |archivedate=2008-12-01 }}</ref> A British source the Anza is a copy of the [[SA-7 Grail]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://babriet.tripod.com/articles/art_armoredge.htm|title=Pak armour has edge over India|last=Cloughley|first=Brian|work=Jane's Intelligence Review|publisher=Jane's Information Group|accessdate=13 June 2011}}</ref> Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989-1998.<ref name="Report" />


[[File:Anza Mk II.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.]]
[[File:Anza Mk II.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.]]
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In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of [[Saudi Arabia]] and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=53014&d=17&m=10&y=2004|title=More Saudi Soldiers to Be Trained in Pakistan|publisher=Arab News|author=Mohammed Rasooldeen|date=2004-10-17|accessdate=2009-02-09}}</ref>
In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of [[Saudi Arabia]] and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=53014&d=17&m=10&y=2004|title=More Saudi Soldiers to Be Trained in Pakistan|publisher=Arab News|author=Mohammed Rasooldeen|date=2004-10-17|accessdate=2009-02-09}}</ref>


In 2008, the [[Pakistan Army]] conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southasiamonitor.org/2008/Nov/news/24pak2.shtml|title=Gilani says no agreement with US on drone attacks; army practice shoot downs|publisher=South Asia Monitor|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> in a semi-desert area near [[Muzaffargarh]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/international/2008/November/international_November1508.xml&section=international |title=Pakistan army flexes muscles to shoot down drone aircraft |publisher=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=2008-11-21 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194904/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/international/2008/November/international_November1508.xml&section=international |archivedate=2011-06-08 |df= }}</ref> in response to [[United States-Pakistan skirmishes|covert attacks]] on targets in north-west Pakistan by American [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)]], also known as drones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/11/ap_pakistanuav_112108/|title=Pakistan army stages UAV shoot-down exercise |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2008-11-21 |publisher=Army Times }}</ref> In November 2008, the chief of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sindhtoday.net/pakistan/39035.htm|title=‘Pakistan capable of shooting down US drones’|date=2008-11-25|publisher=Sindh Today|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |title=Pakistan air defence demonstrates Anza-II in Azm-e-Nau 3 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061325/http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |archivedate=2011-06-14 |df= }}</ref>
In 2008, the [[Pakistan Army]] conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southasiamonitor.org/2008/Nov/news/24pak2.shtml|title=Gilani says no agreement with US on drone attacks; army practice shoot downs|publisher=South Asia Monitor|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> in a semi-desert area near [[Muzaffargarh]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/international/2008/November/international_November1508.xml&section=international |title=Pakistan army flexes muscles to shoot down drone aircraft |publisher=[[Khaleej Times]] |date=2008-11-21 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608194904/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data%2Finternational%2F2008%2FNovember%2Finternational_November1508.xml&section=international |archivedate=2011-06-08 |df= }}</ref> in response to [[United States-Pakistan skirmishes|covert attacks]] on targets in north-west Pakistan by American [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)]], also known as drones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armytimes.com/news/2008/11/ap_pakistanuav_112108/|title=Pakistan army stages UAV shoot-down exercise |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2008-11-21 |publisher=Army Times }}</ref> In November 2008, the chief of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sindhtoday.net/pakistan/39035.htm|title=‘Pakistan capable of shooting down US drones’|date=2008-11-25|publisher=Sindh Today|accessdate=2009-02-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |title=Pakistan air defence demonstrates Anza-II in Azm-e-Nau 3 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614061325/http://pakistantimes.net/pt/detail.php?newsId=10415 |archivedate=2011-06-14 |df= }}</ref>


==Specifications==
==Specifications==

Revision as of 20:37, 7 July 2017

Anza
Anza Mk-II
TypeMan-portable air-defence system (MANPADS)
Place of originPakistan
Service history
In service1989–present
Used bySee Operators
WarsKargil War
Production history
ManufacturerKahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) [1][2]
(or AQ Khan Research Laboratories) [2][3]
Produced1988 [4]
VariantsAnza Mk-I
Anza Mk-II
Anza Mk-III
Specifications (Anza Mk-II)
Mass16.5 kg [1]
Length1.44 m
Diameter7.2 cm
Warhead0.55 kg shaped charge [1]
EngineRocket motor
PropellantSolid propellant
Operational
range
500 - 5000 m
Flight altitude30 - 4000 m
Maximum speed 600 m/s [5]
Guidance
system
Infra-red homing [1]
Launch
platform
Human, vehicle.

The Anza (عنزہ Anza) is a series of shoulder-fired, man-portable surface-to-air missiles produced by Pakistan. Guided by an infra-red homing seeker, the Anza is used for low level air defence.[6][7]

The Anza is produced by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.[8] Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the Pakistan Army,[9] with the Mk-III version being the most recent.[10] The Anza is also offered for export, Malaysia being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.[11][12]

Development and design

Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China.[13]

The Anza Mk-I entered service with the Pakistan Army in January 1990,[10][14][15] followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.[15] Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the Pakistan Army was announced in 2006.

In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export,[16] displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the United Arab Emirates [17] and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.[18][19]

Training aids

The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.[20]

The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.[21] It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.[21] The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.[21]

Variants

Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.
  • Anza Mk-II - A third generation MANPADS,[25] believed to be based on the Chinese QW-1 MANPADS.[26] Uses a dual-band, cross-scan infra-red homing seeker to counter decoy flares.[27] Also believed to use American missile technology.[28] Approximately 1650 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994-2012.[29]
  • Anza Mk-III - Believed to be based on the Chinese QW-2 MANPADS,[30] modifications made to meet Pakistan Army requirements include increased range up to 5 km, improved sensors and a new firing unit similar to the Russian 9K38 Igla MANPADS.[31][32]((non reliable sources)) All-aspect attack capability and improved ECCM capability.[10] It also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.

Operators

Map with Anza operators in blue

Current operators

 Pakistan
 Malaysia

Operational history

On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used to attack Indian aircraft during the Kargil conflict with India. which shot down at least one MIG-21 of the Indian Air Force, was shot down by Pakistan Army Air Defence forces. Pakistan also claimed shooting down a MiG-27 though India reported that it crashed due to engine failure.

Indian Military says that their MiG-21 was searching for MiG-27 pilot who ejected due to engine failure caused by Gun gas ingestion.[14]

In December 2002, The Indian media sources claimed that their soldiers found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the Line of Control in Kupwara, Kashmir.[35] An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001.[36][37][38] In 2002, Indian media sources again claimed that an Anza MANPAD was fired at an Indian Air Force Antonov An-32 over the Line of Control; the plane was able to land safely.[39]

In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of Saudi Arabia and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.[40]

In 2008, the Pakistan Army conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II [41] in a semi-desert area near Muzaffargarh [42] in response to covert attacks on targets in north-west Pakistan by American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also known as drones.[43] In November 2008, the chief of the Pakistan Air Force told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.[44] In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles[45]

Specifications

Anza Mk-I [14] Anza Mk-II [15] Anza Mk-III
Length (missile and booster) 1.44 m 1.447 m 1.59 m
Weight (launcher and missile) 15 kg 16.5 kg 18 kg
Missile weight 9.8 kg 10.68 kg 11.32 kg
Propulsion Solid fuel rocket motor (solid fuel booster rocket on launch)
Guidance Uncooled PbS passive infra-red homing seeker Cooled InSb passive infra-red homing seeker Dual-band infra-red homing seeker
Warhead HE fragmentation
(containing 0.37 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing		 HE fragmentation
(containing 0.55 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing		 HE fragmentation
(containing 1.42 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing
Average cruise speed 500 m/s 600 m/s >600 m/s
Max maneuvering 6 g 16 g
Self destruction time 14 to 17 s 14 to 18 s
Slant range 1,200 m to 4,200 m 500 m to 5,000 m 6,000 m
Altitude 50 m to 2300 m 30 m to 4,000 m 10 m to 3,500 m
Weapon reaction time 5 s 3.5 s 3.5 s
Ready from the march 10 s 10 s 10 s
Battery life 40 s 50 s 50 s

Comparable Systems

References

  1. ^ a b c d "PAF Weapons & Missiles". Pakistani Defence. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  2. ^ a b "Kahuta - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Over-View Of Pakistani Weapon Systems". Pakistani Defence. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  4. ^ a b "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Robin Hughes (2002-12-02). "SAM attack on jet reignites old fears". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on August 31, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force". Defence Talk. 2007-09-11. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ B. Muralidhar Reddy (2001-03-28). "Pak. testfires missiles". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  8. ^ Malik Qasim Mustafa. "PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT". Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b "Pakistan Armée Pakistanaise forces terrestres équipements et véhicules". Army Recognition (in French). Archived from the original on 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  10. ^ a b c "Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance". The Fact. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  11. ^ "Big Issue, Big Problems?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles". Jane's Information Group. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  13. ^ "Pakistan Needs Foreign Help to Develop Missiles". The Risk Report. 1 (8): 9. October 1995. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07 – via Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ a b c John Pike (1999-03-21). "SA-7 GRAIL". FAS. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b c John Pike (1999-08-10). "QW-1". FAS. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  16. ^ Pakistan Pushing Military Exports (May 2005). "Pakistan Pushing Military Exports". National Defense. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  17. ^ Xinhua. "Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report". People's Daily. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  18. ^ "Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS)". Financial Daily International. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS)" (PDF). Asian Defence Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Training Simulator for Anza MK-II (ATS-II)". Defence Export Promotion Organisation. Archived from the original on 2012-02-12. Retrieved 2009-02-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b c "High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK". Defence Export Promotion Organization. Archived from the original on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia". James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. August 1999. Archived from the original on 2010-04-09. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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