Jump to content

Help:IPA/Sardinian: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Notifying of move discussion on Help talk:IPA
m added more phonotactics contexts to vowels
Line 127: Line 127:
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|abba'''j'''occàda (between unstressed vowels); a'''j'''ózi! (between an unstressed vowel and a stressed one); con'''j'''ugàdu (after consonant); ’a'''gi'''òne (digraph ⟨gi⟩); paxi (between vowels, grapheme ⟨x⟩<ref>This grapheme is used to represent the sound [ʒ] in [[Campidanese dialect|Campidanese]].</ref>)
|abba'''j'''occàda (between unstressed vowels); a'''j'''ózi! (between an unstressed vowel and a stressed one); con'''j'''ugàdu (after consonant); ’a'''gi'''òne (digraph ⟨gi⟩); pa'''x'''i (between vowels, grapheme ⟨x⟩<ref>This grapheme is used to represent the sound [ʒ] in [[Campidanese dialect|Campidanese]].</ref>)
|mea'''s'''ure
|mea'''s'''ure
|-
|-
Line 148: Line 148:
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>
|b'''e'''ni (stressed vowel, no graphic accent); ap'''e''' (unstressed vowel)
|b'''e'''ni (stressed vowel, no graphic accent); ap'''e''' (unstressed vowel in the post-stressed syllable); isd'''e'''ntadu (unstressed vowel in the pre-stressed syllable)
|roughly like p'''a'''y
|roughly like p'''a'''y
|-
|-
Line 156: Line 156:
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
|f'''i'''lu (stressed vowel, no graphic accent; can be found as ''fìlu'' as well); s'''í'''ncheru (stressed vowel, with graphic accent)
|f'''i'''lu (stressed vowel, no graphic accent; can be found as ''fìlu'' as well); s'''í'''ncheru (stressed vowel, with graphic accent); pax'''i''' (unstressed vowel in the post-stressed syllable); '''i'''xèmplu (unstressed vowel in the pre-stressed syllable)
|s'''ee'''
|s'''ee'''
|-
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;"|<big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
|'''ó'''gru (initial, stressed); abba'''ó'''su (non-initial, stressed); càndh'''o''' (ending position, unstressed, without graphic accent)
|'''ó'''gru (initial, stressed); abba'''ó'''su (non-initial, stressed); càndh'''o''' (unstressed in the post-stressed syllable, without graphic accent)
|roughly like l'''aw''' (British English)
|roughly like l'''aw''' (British English)
|-
|-

Revision as of 07:38, 25 July 2017

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sardinian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Sardinian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Sardinian.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b bàcca (initial); abaudìtu (between unstressed vowels); bàbaru (between a stressed vowel and an unstressed one) bike
β bìa (initial); ebréu (between vowel and trill consonant); nebodàza (between vowels) between baby and bevy
d dormi (initial); sardu (between trill consonant and vowel); doadùra (between vowels); andhalitòrra (Logudorese, using a digraph ⟨dh⟩ that contrasts with the trigraph ⟨ddh⟩) done
dz accasazàre (between vowels); prànzu (Logudorese grapheme, between consonant and vowel) /pràntzu (Campidanese digraph, same context); assòtziu (Campidanese digraph) dads
dʒ giòba (initial before back vowel, digraph ⟨gi⟩); bambàgia (between open, near-front vowels; digraph ⟨gi⟩); culingiòsso (between consonant and vowel, digraph ⟨gi⟩); panagélicu (between vowels, grapheme simple ⟨g⟩) jab
ð abbaccàda; cantat [ˈkantaða]; a thèrga (syntactic phonetics: article+noun) this
θ althrolìttu (between consonant and vowel); furrìthu (between close vowels); tharalàu (initial); atheddhìna (between near-front vowels); istàthu (between a near-front and a back vowel) thin
f fora (initial); ufànu (between vowels) fast
ɡ gàbbia (initial before stressed, open, near-front vowel); ghèrra (initial before stressed, mid, near-front vowel); ghìa; ringhièra; fógu (between vowels) gas
ɣ[1] buttèga (between vowels); ringhera (between nasal consonant and vowel); àrcu ’e chélu (syntactic phonetics) like go, but without completely blocking air flow on the g
k corsìa (initial before close-mid, back vowel); àlpaca (between open vowels); chélu (digrap ⟨ch⟩, before mid, near-front vowel); quàdra (grapheme ⟨q⟩); brùke (grapheme ⟨k⟩); piachènte scar
l levantìnu (initial); abbalauccàdu (between vowels) lip
ʎ brigliàju; origlièttas; bragliósu; contissìgliu roughly like million
ɖ[2] cherveddu (between vowels, digraph ⟨dd⟩); abbaraddhàdu (between vowels, trigraph ⟨ddh⟩, which contrasts with the digraph ⟨dh⟩) dine ([ɖiŋ]) in Indian English dialects (corresponds to /d/ in other dialects)
m meledàda; mamudìnu; accampàda [3] mother
n nebodàza (initial); energìa (between vowels) nest
ŋ abbengàre; abbiénghidu[3] sing
ɲ appizzigàgnulu (between vowels); gnagnajólu (initial in the first case; between vowels in the second) roughly like canyon
p pabasólu (initial before open vowel); pìsiri (initial before close vowel); splajàre (before an initial ⟨s⟩ forming a consonant cluster together); ’alvispàltu spin
ɾ carògna; dijimìre batter (American English)
r rasàda (initial); ferrùzzos (between vowels, represented by the digraph ⟨rr⟩) Trilled r, Spanish: perro
s seccàda (initial before vowel); stàntes (initial before plosive consonant; final); dilmìssu (between vowels) sorry
ʃ sceléstu (initial); lescénscia (between vowels & between consonant and vowel); balàscios (between vowels) ship
t tanéddhu (initial); àteu (between vowels) star
ts zaccàre (initial); aìzzu (between vowels); tzaccadu (initial, using the digraph ⟨tz⟩[4]) cats
tʃ ciabàtta (initial and represented by the digraph ⟨ci⟩, followed by a stressed, open, mid vowel); cèddha (initial followed by a stressed near-front vowel); cìbbu (initial followed by a stressed, front vowel); ciaccósu (initial followed by unstressed, front vowel); celibbàdu (initial followed by an unstressed, near-front vowel "e"). chip
v vacàda (initial); sérvu (between consonant and vowel): jurafàlzu (as grapheme ⟨f⟩ between vowels, one unstressed the second one stressed); sa faìna (between unstressed vowels) vent
z casàra (between vowels); ixèmplu (between vowels, grapheme ⟨x⟩); su sole (syntactic phonetics) zipper
ʒ abbajoccàda (between unstressed vowels); ajózi! (between an unstressed vowel and a stressed one); conjugàdu (after consonant); ’agiòne (digraph ⟨gi⟩); paxi (between vowels, grapheme ⟨x⟩[5]) measure
Semivowels
j giója (one of the rare cases of a semivowel in Logudorese; usage of the grapheme ⟨j⟩, normally representing the sound [ʒ]); calzulaiéddhu (another Logudorese rare case, using the grapheme ⟨i⟩, normally representing a full vowel [i]); Sardìnnia[6] in Campidanese, where this semivowel is more usual). you
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
a Arba (no graphic accent on the stressed vowel); areddhàre (regular graphic accent on the stressed vowel); áteru; proiát (not so common graphic accent but also foundable on the stressed vowel) roughly like father
e beni (stressed vowel, no graphic accent); ape (unstressed vowel in the post-stressed syllable); isdentadu (unstressed vowel in the pre-stressed syllable) roughly like pay
ɛ cena; meri bed
i filu (stressed vowel, no graphic accent; can be found as fìlu as well); síncheru (stressed vowel, with graphic accent); paxi (unstressed vowel in the post-stressed syllable); ixèmplu (unstressed vowel in the pre-stressed syllable) see
o ógru (initial, stressed); abbaósu (non-initial, stressed); càndho (unstressed in the post-stressed syllable, without graphic accent) roughly like law (British English)
ɔ domu (initial, stressed, no graphic accent); cózzula (initial, stressed, with graphic accent) not
u domu (unstressed vowel); úrtima (stressed vowel, graphic accent) too
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanations (English approximation)
ˈ cantat [ˈkantaða] primary stress (bottle)
ˌ propiamènte [ˌpropiaˈmente] secondary stress (intonation)
. via [ˈvi.a] syllable break (moai)

Notes

  1. ^ Sometimes omitted between vowels.
  2. ^ In Sardinian it is a double-voiced retroflex stop, represented by [ɖɖ] or [ɖː].
  3. ^ a b Nasal consonants always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/, /nk/ is velar [ŋ], but before /v/ or /f/, it is labiodental [ɱ] (transcribed here as [m]). It is [m] only before /p/ or /b/.
  4. ^ This digraph is used to represent the sound [t̪͡s̪] in Campidanese. In Logudorese, ⟨z⟩ is preferred.
  5. ^ This grapheme is used to represent the sound [ʒ] in Campidanese.
  6. ^ Campidanese, phonetically transcribed as [sarˈdinja], as opposed to Sardìgna in Logudorese, transcribed as [sarˈdiɲɲa].

Further reading

  • Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo (1994). ELLO ELLUS, grammatica della lingua sarda (in Italian). Nuoro (Sardegna): Poliedro Edizioni.


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Sardinian&oldid=792224112"