Changi Airport: Difference between revisions

Changi Airport Singapore

*Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura*

新加坡樟宜机场

சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமான நிலையம்
Changi Airport Singapore; Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura; 新加坡樟宜机场; சிங்கப்பூர் சாங்கி விமான நிலையம்
	File:Singapore Changi Airport logo.svg
	IATA: SIN; ICAO: WSSS; WMO: 48698;
Summary
Airport type	Public / military
Owner	Government of Singapore
Operator	Changi Airport Group (CAG); Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS); Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF);
Serves	Singapore
Location	Changi, Singapore
Opened	1 July 1981 (operational); 29 December 1981 (official)
Hub for	Jetstar Asia Airways; Scoot; SilkAir; Singapore Airlines; Singapore Airlines Cargo; FedEx Express;
Focus city for	AirAsia; Qantas;
Time zone	SST (UTC+08:00)
Elevation AMSL	6.66 m / 22 ft
Coordinates	01°21′33″N 103°59′22″E / 1.35917°N 103.98944°E
Website	changiairport.com
Map
	SIN Location in Singapore SIN SIN (Southeast Asia)
Runways
Statistics (2018)
Passenger movements
Passenger movements	65,600,000
Air freight movements (tons)	2,150,000
Aircraft movements	386,000
	Source: Changi Airport Group

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Changi Airport (IATA: SIN, ICAO: WSSS) is the major civilian airport for Singapore, and one of the largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia. It is currently rated the World's Best Airport by Skytrax,^[5] for the seventh consecutive year since 2013.^[6] It is also the first Airport in the world to do so for seven consecutive years and is one of the world's busiest airports by international passenger and cargo traffic. The airport is located in Changi, at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 20 kilometres northeast^[7] from Marina Bay (Singapore's Downtown Core), on a 13-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) site. It is operated by Changi Airport Group and it is the home base of Singapore Airlines, Singapore Airlines Cargo, SilkAir, Scoot, Jetstar Asia Airways and BOC Aviation.

Overview of Changi Airport

As of 1 March 2019, Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to 400 cities in around 100 countries and territories worldwide. Each week, about 7,400 flights land or depart from Changi, or, about one every 80 seconds.

For the 2018 full year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 65,600,000 passengers (a 5.5% increase over the previous year), the most in its 37-year history.^[4] This made it the sixth busiest airport by international passenger traffic in the world and the second busiest in Asia. In December 2018, Changi Airport registered a total of 6.13 million passenger movements, the highest the airport has ever achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily traffic movement record was also broken on 21 December 2018, with 221,155 passengers passing through during that day. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is also one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 2.150 million tonnes of cargo in 2018. The total number of commercial aircraft movements increased by 3.4% from the previous year to 386,000 in 2018.^[4]

The airport has won over 594 awards since its opening, including 30 "Best Airport" awards in 2018 alone.^[8] Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its high standards in airport service quality.^[9]

Passenger terminals

Changi Airport has four main passenger terminals arranged in an elongated inverted 'U' shape. Currently, the airport has a designed total annual handling capacity of 85 million passengers.

Terminal 1, opened on 1 July 1981, is located at the northern end.
Terminal 2, opened on 22 November 1990, is located at the eastern end.
Terminal 3, opened on 9 January 2008, is located at the western end.
Terminal 4, opened on 31 October 2017, is located on the southern side, at the site of the former budget terminal.

There is also a privately run luxury terminal called the JetQuay CIP Terminal. It is similar to the Lufthansa First Class Terminal at Frankfurt Airport, but is open to all passengers travelling in all classes on all airlines with an access fee.

Terminal 5, scheduled to open in 2030s, is located opposite Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 4.

Former terminal

The short-lived Budget Terminal was opened on 26 March 2006 and closed on 25 September 2012 to make way for a larger Terminal 4, which opened on 31 October 2017.^[10]

Mixed-use development

Jewel Changi Airport, opened on 17 April 2019, is a multi-use structure interconnecting Terminals 1, 2 and 3. Part of this project will help expand Terminal 1 to handle 24 million passengers per year.

Future terminals and projects

Terminal 5 is set to be ready in the mid 2030s. It is expected to handle 50 million passenger movements per annum.^[11] The airport terminal structure is projected to be larger than terminals 1,2 and 3 combined. It will be built on reclaimed land to the east of the present terminals. It will be funded through the newly increased levy.^[12] KPF Singapore with Heatherwick Studio, Architects 61, and DP Architects will provide architectural services. Arup Singapore, Mott MacDonald Singapore and Surbana Jurong Consultants will provide engineering services.

Operations

Passenger operations

As the airport only handles international passenger traffic, all terminals in operation are equipped with immigration-processing facilities for international travel.

After recovering from a drop in passenger traffic as a result of the September 11 attacks in 2001 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003, the airport saw rapid growth in traffic, which hit the 30-million mark for the first time in 2004. In March 2008, prior to the full effect of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 on the global economy, the airport was predicted to handle 50 million passengers by 2012^[13] due to the opening of casinos in Singapore and the phased liberalisation of the Asean aviation sector. As predicted, the airport surpassed the 50-million mark in 2012.^[9]

On 18 December 2017, the airport surpassed the 60-million mark for the first time.^[14]^[15]

The airport saw a record 65.6 million passenger movements in 2018 - beating 2017's record of 60 million passengers with a 5.5 per cent increase.^[16]

By end-2018, Firefly, the sole turboprop operator in Changi Airport will move to Seletar Airport to make way for their jet operations.^[17]^[18]

Cargo

The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group (CAG) manages the Changi Airfreight Centre^[19] located in the north of the airport premises.^[20] The airport handled 1.81 million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth busiest in Asia.^[21] Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport. Changi airport has initiated attempts to expand into the perishable air cargo market. In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight. Air Cargo World awarded the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award to Changi Airport for handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.^[22]

The airport handled 2,006,300 tonnes of cargo in 2016, making it the 13th top cargo airport in the world and the sixth in the Asia Pacific region.^[23]

In 2017, the airport handled 2,125,226 tonnes of cargo. The top five cargo markets for the airport were China, Australia, Hong Kong, United States and India.^[24]

Key markets and destinations

In 2018, Indonesia was the largest market for the airport, followed by Malaysia, China, Thailand, Australia, India, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur was the top destination for travellers in the airport, followed by Bangkok, Jakarta, Hong Kong, Manila, Denpasar/Bali, Tokyo, Ho Chi Minh City, Taipei and Sydney.^[25]

Safety and security

The Changi Airport Group (CAG) manages the overall safety and security of the airport. The Airport Management Division of the CAG manages the customer aspects of the airport's security, while the Aviation Security Unit oversees the airport's compliance with aviation security (AVSEC) policies, and manages AVSEC-related projects.^[20] The airport's emergency and fire-fighting services are handled by the Airport Emergency Service Division.^[26] The Airport Emergency Services handles all instances of rescue and fire-fighting within the airport premises as well as in surrounding waters. It operates from two main fire stations (Station 1 by Runway 1 along West Perimeter Road and Station 2 by Runway 2 along Changi Coast Road), one sub-station (Domestic Fire Station), and one sea rescue base near the airport.^[27]

The airport's security comes under the regulatory purview of the Airport Police Division of the Singapore Police Force (SPF). The day to day discharge of security functions at the airport are performed by auxiliary police forces including Aetos Security Management, Certis CISCO and SATS Security Services. Aetos and SATS Security Services are affiliated to the ground handling companies of Dnata and Singapore Changi Airport Terminal Services respectively.^[28] On 29 April 2008, CAAS signed its then biggest single security contract for all airport related security services by engaging Certis CISCO to provide security services at Singapore Changi Airport, as well as Seletar Airport, Changi Airfreight Centre, and the Singapore Air Traffic Control Centre.^[29] It involves the deployment of about 2,600 Certis Cisco personnel, including armed Auxiliary Police Officers and unarmed aviation security officers to perform tasks such as screening checked baggage, controlling access to restricted areas, and screening passengers before they board their aircraft.^[30]

Since the 11 September 2001 attacks and the naming of the airport as a terrorism target by the Jemaah Islamiyah, the airport's security has been tightened. Singapore Armed Force and Singapore Police Force officers, armed with assault rifles or sub-machine guns, has been deployed to patrol the terminals at random intervals.^[31] Officers from the Gurkha Contingent are also dispatched to patrol the transit areas of the terminal buildings. These measures come at a cost partly borne by travellers in the form of a "passenger security service charge", imposed since 2002.^[32]

In 2005, an upgrade in screening technology and rising security concerns led to luggage-screening processes being conducted behind closed-doors, as opposed to them being done before check-in within public view. The screening of carry-on luggage and travellers are mostly conducted at individual departure gates, while check-in luggage are screened in the backrooms and secured before loading. A perimeter intrusion detection system for Changi Airport's perimeter fence has also been put in place to further strengthen security of the airfield, while a biometric access control system for staff movement has been put in place since 2006.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations
Air China	Beijing–Capital, Chengdu, Yinchuan
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air India	Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai
Air India Express	Bengaluru,^[33] Chennai, Coimbatore, Kochi, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli
Air Mauritius	Kuala Lumpur–International, Mauritius
Air New Zealand	Auckland Seasonal: Christchurch (resumes 1 December 2019)^[34]
Air Niugini	Port Moresby
AirAsia	Ipoh,^[35] Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching, Langkawi, Miri, Penang
All Nippon Airways	Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Airlines	Seoul–Incheon
Bangkok Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Koh Samui
Batik Air	Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Biman Bangladesh Airlines	Dhaka
British Airways	London–Heathrow, Sydney
Cathay Pacific	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong
Cebu Pacific	Cebu, Clark, Davao, Iloilo, Manila
China Airlines	Kaohsiung, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines	Changsha,^[36] Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Kunming, Quanzhou, Shanghai–Pudong, Xi'an (resumes 29 April 2019),^[37] Yantai
China Southern Airlines	Changsha,^[38] Guangzhou
Chongqing Airlines	Chongqing (resumes 1 May 2019)^[39]
Delta Air Lines	Tokyo–Narita
Druk Air	Guwahati, Paro
Emirates	Brisbane, Dubai–International, Melbourne
Ethiopian Airlines	Addis Ababa, Kuala Lumpur–International
Etihad Airways	Abu Dhabi
EVA Air	Taipei–Taoyuan
Fiji Airways	Nadi
Finnair	Helsinki
Garuda Indonesia	Bandung,^[40] Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Surabaya, Tanjung Pandan^[41]
GX Airlines	Nanning
Hainan Airlines	Haikou^[42]
Hebei Airlines	Hangzhou, Shijiazhuang
IndiGo	Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, Tiruchirappalli, Vijayawada (ends 30 May 2019)^[43]
Indonesia AirAsia	Bandung, Denpasar/Bali, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Semarang, Yogyakarta-Adisucipto (ends 28 April 2019), Yogyakarta-New (begins 29 April 2019)
Japan Airlines	Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Jetstar Asia Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Clark,^[44] Da Nang, Darwin, Denpasar/Bali, Haikou, Hat Yai,^[45] Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Kuala Lumpur–International, Manila, Medan, Naha, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Sanya, Shantou, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Taipei–Taoyuan, Xuzhou,^[46] Yangon
Jetstar Pacific Airlines	Ho Chi Minh City
Juneyao Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong^[47]
KLM	Amsterdam, Denpasar/Bali
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon
Lion Air	Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
LOT Polish Airlines	Warsaw–Chopin^[48]^[49]
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Munich
Malaysia Airlines	Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuching
Malindo Air	Kuala Lumpur–International^[50]
Myanmar Airways International	Yangon
Myanmar National Airlines	Yangon
Philippine Airlines	Manila
Philippines AirAsia	Cebu
Qantas^[51]	Brisbane, London–Heathrow, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney
Qatar Airways	Doha
Regent Airways	Dhaka
Royal Brunei Airlines	Bandar Seri Begawan
Saudia	Jeddah
Scoot^[52]^[53]	Amritsar, Athens, Bengaluru (ends 16 May 2019),^[54] Bangkok–Don Mueang, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Berlin–Tegel, Cebu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Clark, Coimbatore (begins 27 October 2019), Dalian, Denpasar/Bali, Dhaka, Gold Coast, Guangzhou, Haikou, Hangzhou, Hanoi, Harbin, Hat Yai, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Honolulu (ends 7 May 2019),^[55] Hyderabad, Ipoh, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Jeddah, Jinan, Kalibo, Kaohsiung, Kochi (ends 27 October 2019), Kota Bharu (begins 2 July 2019),^[56], Kota Kinabalu (begins 3 December 2019), Krabi, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kuantan, Kuching, Langkawi, Luang Prabang, Lucknow, Macau, Malé, Manila, Melbourne, Nanchang, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Osaka–Kansai, Palembang, Pekanbaru, Penang, Perth, Phuket, Qingdao, Quanzhou, Sapporo–Chitose, Seoul–Incheon, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Thiruvananthapuram (begins 7 May 2019), Tianjin, Tiruchirapalli, Tokyo–Narita, Vientiane, Visakhapatnam (begins 27 October 2019),^[57] Wuxi, Xi'an, Zhengzhou
Shandong Airlines	Jinan^[58]
Shenzhen Airlines	Nanchang,^[59] Shenzhen
Sichuan Airlines	Chengdu, Nanning
SilkAir	Balikpapan, Bandung, Bengaluru, Busan (begins 1 May 2019),^[60] Cairns, Cebu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chennai, Chiang Mai, Chongqing, Coimbatore (ends 26 October 2019), Colombo, Da Nang, Darwin, Davao, Denpasar/Bali, Fuzhou, Hanoi, Hiroshima, Hyderabad, Kathmandu, Kochi, Koh Samui, Kolkata, Kota Kinabalu (ends 2 December 2019), Kuala Lumpur–International, Kunming, Lombok, Makassar, Malé, Manado, Medan, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Semarang, Shenzhen, Siem Reap, Surabaya, Thiruvananthapuram (ends 6 May 2019), Visakhapatnam, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yangon, Yogyakarta-Adisucipto (ends 28 April 2019), Yogyakarta-New (begins 29 April 2019)^[61] Seasonal: Mandalay
Singapore Airlines	Adelaide, Ahmedabad, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bandar Seri Begawan, Bengaluru, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing–Capital, Brisbane, Canberra, Cape Town, Chennai, Christchurch, Colombo, Copenhagen, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali, Dhaka, Dubai–International, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Houston–Intercontinental, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Istanbul, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Kolkata, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Malé, Manchester, Manila, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Mumbai, Munich, Nagoya–Centrair, Newark, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Perth, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma (begins 3 September 2019),^[62] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Stockholm–Arlanda, Surabaya, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita, Wellington, Yangon, Zürich Seasonal: Sapporo–Chitose
Spring Airlines	Shanghai–Pudong
SriLankan Airlines	Colombo
Swiss International Air Lines	Zürich
Thai AirAsia	Bangkok–Don Mueang, Chiang Rai, Krabi, Phuket^[63]
Thai Airways	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi
Thai Lion Air	Bangkok–Don Mueang
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul
United Airlines	San Francisco^[64]
Urumqi Air	Urumqi, Wuhan (both begins 18 May 2019)^[65]
US-Bangla Airlines	Dhaka
Uzbekistan Airways	Kuala Lumpur–International, Tashkent
VietJet Air	Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam Airlines	Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City
West Air	Chongqing, Urumqi
XiamenAir	Dalian, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Xi'an

Cargo

Airlines	Destinations
AirBridgeCargo	Hong Kong, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Phnom Penh^[66]^[67]
Air Hong Kong	Hong Kong^[68]
ANA Cargo	Hong Kong, Naha^[69]
Asiana Cargo	Seoul–Incheon^[70]
ASL Airlines Belgium	Liège, Shanghai–Pudong
Cardig Air	Balikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta^[71]
Cargolux	Anchorage, Baku, Chicago–O'Hare, Doha, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur–International, Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Penang
China Airlines Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Manila, Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chengdu, Shanghai–Pudong
DHL Aviation	Anchorage, Bengaluru,^[72] Cincinnati, Hong Kong, Leipzig/Halle,^[73] Seoul–Incheon^[74]
Emirates SkyCargo	Dubai–Al Maktoum,^[75] Melbourne, Sydney
Etihad Cargo^[76]^[77]	Abu Dhabi, Brisbane, Sydney
EVA Air Cargo	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Hong Kong,^[78] Penang, Taipei–Taoyuan^[79]
FedEx Express	Anchorage, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Memphis, Osaka–Kansai, Penang, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney,^[80] Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Hong Kong Airlines	Hong Kong^[81]
K-Mile Air	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Korean Air Cargo	Hanoi, Penang, Seoul–Incheon
My Indo Airlines	Balikpapan, Jakarta–Halim Perdanakusuma, Surabaya^[82]
Neptune Air	Kuala Lumpur–International^[83]
Nippon Cargo Airlines	Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Osaka–Kansai, Tokyo–Narita
Raya Airways	Kuala Lumpur–Subang
SF Airlines	Shenzhen
Silk Way West Airlines	Baku,^[84] Dubai–Al Maktoum,^[85] Kuala Lumpur–International^[86]
Singapore Airlines Cargo	Adelaide, Amsterdam, Auckland, Bengaluru, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Brussels, Chennai, Coimbatore, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hanoi,^[87] Hong Kong, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta, Johannesburg–OR Tambo, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Medan, Melbourne, Mumbai, Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta, Nanjing, Sharjah, Sydney
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines	Balikpapan, Jakarta–Soekarno–Hatta
Turkish Airlines Cargo	Istanbul–Atatürk, Karachi
UPS Airlines	Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan

Operational statistics

Operational statistics

Year	Passenger movements	Passenger % change over previous year	Airfreight movements (tonnes)	Airfreight % change over previous year	Aircraft movements	Aircraft % change over previous year
1998	23,803,180	0.0	1,283,660	0.0	165,242	0.0
1999	26,064,645	9.5	1,500,393	16.8	165,961	0.4
2000	28,618,200	9.8	1,682,489	12.1	173,947	4.8
2001	28,093,759	1.83	1,507,062	11.6	179,359	3.1
2002	28,979,344	3.2	1,637,797	8.7	174,820	2.5
2003	24,664,137	14.9	1,611,407	1.6	154,346	11.7
2004	30,353,565	23.0	1,775,092	10.1	184,932	19.8
2005	32,430,856	6.8	1,833,721	3.3	204,138	10.3
2006	35,033,083	8.0	1,931,881	5.4	214,000	4.8
2007	36,701,556	4.8	1,918,159	0.7	221,000	3.3
2008	37,694,824	2.7	1,883,894	1.8	232,000	5.0
2009	37,203,978	1.3	1,633,791	15.3	240,360	3.6
2010	42,038,777	13.0	1,813,809	11.0	263,593	9.7
2011	46,543,845	10.7	1,865,252	2.8	301,711	14.5
2012	51,181,804	10.0	1,806,225	3.2	324,722	7.6
2013	53,726,087	5.0	1,850,233	2.4	343,800	5.9
2014	54,093,070	0.8	1,843,799	0.3	341,386	0.7
2015	55,448,964	2.5	1,853,087	0.5	346,334	1.5
2016	58,698,039	5.9	1,969,434	6.3	360,490	4.1
2017	62,219,573	6.0	2,125,226	7.9	373,201	3.5
2018	65,600,000	5.5	2,150,000	1.4	386,000	3.4
Sources:^[88]^[89]^[90]^[91]^[92]^[93]^[94]^[95]

**Changi Airport passenger movements 1998–2018 (millions)**

Updated: 10 February 2019

Accidents and incidents

On 26 March 1991, Singapore Airlines Flight 117, operated by an Airbus A310, was hijacked by four Pakistani terrorists. The flight landed in Changi Airport at 22:15. The Singapore Special Operations Force stormed the plane, on the morning of 27 March. All four hijackers were killed, with no fatalities among the 123 passengers and crew that were held hostage for more than eight hours.
On 4 November 2010, Qantas Flight 32, operated by an Airbus A380-800, suffered an uncontained engine failure and made an emergency landing in Changi Airport. Upon landing, one of the engines could not be shut down due to ruptured control cables and had to be doused for three hours by airport firefighters to forcefully shut it down. There were no crew or passenger injuries, and all 469 people on board survived this incident.
On 27 June 2016, Singapore Airlines Flight 368, operated by a Boeing 777-300ER, suffered an engine problem while flying from Singapore to Milan. During the diversionary landing in Singapore, the right engine and wing caught fire. The fire was quickly extinguished by airport fire services. There were no injuries among the 241 people on board.
On 16 May 2017, a fire broke out at the departure hall in Terminal 2.^[96] The fire caused 40 flights at Terminal 2 to be delayed and diverted to Terminal 3.^[97] Terminal 2 was closed from 17:30 to 22:45.
On 29 November 2017, a tow truck towing a Singapore Airlines Boeing 777-200 caught fire, covering the aircraft in black soot. There were no passengers on board when the incident happened and a member of the tow crew was evacuated through the emergency slide.^[98]
On 8 January 2018, a door on a Scoot Boeing 787-8 was partially dislodged after the plane rolled back and impacted an aerobridge. The aircraft, about to undergo maintenance, reportedly had its wheel chocks removed while its brakes were disengaged. No injuries occurred during the incident.^[99]^[100]^[101]
On 6 February 2018, a KAI T-50 Golden Eagle which is part of the Black Eagles aerobatic team taking part in Singapore Airshow 2018 veered off the runway during take off. It subsequently crashed and caught fire. The fire was put out by emergency services and the pilot was treated for minor injuries. Runway 1 was closed as a result and caused delays at the airport.^[102]

Ground transportation

Changi Airport was built with ground-transportation considerations in mind from the onset, with the East Coast Parkway built and opened in tandem with the airport, providing a direct link to the city-centre. At a distance of about 20 km (12 mi), the expressway was built almost entirely on reclaimed land, thus minimising disruptions to the existing road network in Singapore's East Coast.

Despite the four main passenger terminal buildings being relatively close to each other, the CAAS (Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore) decided to build the Changi Airport Skytrain people-mover system to facilitate quicker and more convenient transfers between the terminals for travellers. The system was upgraded in 2007 with new technologies supplied by Mitsubishi, connecting to Terminal 3 and separating checked-in passengers from the general public on distinct tracks.

Inter-terminal transportation

Terminals 1, 2 and 3 are connected by the free Skytrain service, which operates from 05:00 to 02:30. During non-operational hours, travellers in the transit areas may transfer within the terminals by foot via the inter-terminal travellators. For travellers in the public areas, a free shuttle bus service will connect the three terminals.^[103]

A complimentary 24-hour Airport Shuttle Bus service plies between Terminal 2 and Terminal 4 in both the public and transit areas. The journey takes approximately eight to 10 minutes.^[104]

External connections

Mass Rapid Transit

The airport is connected to the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network via a two-stop branch of the East West Line from Tanah Merah MRT Station, consisting of two stations: Expo, serving the nearby Singapore Expo site; and Changi Airport. Changi Airport MRT Station is located underground between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3. A direct, one-train service to the downtown and western parts of Singapore was initially in operation when the station opened on 8 February 2002. This was replaced by the current shuttle service between Tanah Merah and Changi Airport via Expo on 22 July 2003,^[105] when it was found that passenger demand for this route was low.

Until Stage 3 of the Downtown Line opened on 21 October 2017, passengers needed to transfer at Tanah Merah station for train service towards the city, Pasir Ris and Tuas Link. However, as of this date, passengers can now transfer at Expo for direct service to Bukit Timah and Bukit Panjang using an alternate route via the city.

Bus

There are seven bus services operated by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and Go-Ahead Group, making a loop starting from Terminal 3 to Terminal 1, and Terminal 2. Only four bus services will continue to Terminal 4 – Services 24, 34, 36 and 110. Bus stops are located at the basement bus bays of Terminals 1, 2 and 3. For Terminal 4, the bus stop is located next to Car Park 4B.

Coaches to and from Johor Bahru are also available. Operated by Transtar Travel, the service will start at coach stands at Terminals 1, 2, 3 and end at Larkin Terminal.

There is also a free shuttle bus service plying between Changi Airport (T3) and Changi Business Park. This service is a 9-stop route, running from Mondays to Fridays, except public holidays.^[106]

Taxi

Taxis are available at taxi stands located in the arrival halls of each terminal. Limousine services are also available. There is an additional airport surcharge for all trips originating from the airport.

Private transport

All pick-ups by private transportation occur at the arrival pick-up points of each terminal.^[107]^[108]^[109]^[110]

Changi Millionaire annual promotion

Launched in 2010, as a commemoration of 40 million passengers^[111], an annual lucky draw promotion was held between the months of May to October (previously June to November) where shoppers worldwide making purchases was entitled to a chance at winning various prizes, including the grand prize of S$1,000,000 (approximately US$740,700), billed as "one of the largest cash prizes ever awarded in Singapore", and since the 2017-18 installment, a luxury car. A monthly draw was conducted at the start of the succeeding month to pick one shopper, who would become one of the six finalists (later increased to either seven or eight due to the introduction to iShopChangi/Changi Rewards, and then 12 in the 2019-20 installment) to participate in the grand draw (usually held on January the following year) for an opportunity on winning the S$1,000,000 grand prize or the luxury car.^[112] A tenth installment of Changi Millionaire began on 1 March 2019.^[113]

Year	Grand Draw date	S$1,000,000 Winner	Purchase	Car Winner	Car Prize	Purchase	Link
2010-11	January 28, 2011	Ivan Rantung	Canon DSLR camera	N/A (not held)			^[114]
2011-12	February 12, 2012	Jessica Down	Paco Rabanne "Lady Million" perfume				^[115]
2012-13	January 20, 2013	Peh Hock Peng	Shilla Duty Free Cosmetics				^[116]
2013-14	January 19, 2014	Irvung Tio	Shiseido skincare products				^[117]
2014-15	February 1, 2015	Oiyama Seiichiro	The Cocoa Trees chocolates				^[118]
2015-16	January 24, 2016	Linda Tobin	Laphroaig single malt whisky				^[119]
2016-17	January 15, 2017	Ade Iskandar	Adidas Pavao Tee				^[120]
2017-18	January 21, 2018	Oddie Rehetta	Johnnie Walker 2017 Limited Edition whisky	Zhang Xuchao	Volvo S90	Cosmetics and skincare products	^[121]
2018-19	January 27, 2019	Chen Roujing	Louis Vuitton bag	Cao Zheng	Jaguar E-Pace	Moutai bottle	^[122]
2019-20	TBA				Jaguar I-Pace	TBA

References

Notes

^ Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.
^ Runway 02R/20L is solely for use by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (see Changi Air Base).^[3] It will be available for commercial use in the future

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^ "Two Chinese winners named in Changi millionaire draw". TRBusiness. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019.

Bibliography

Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1938), "Singapore's great airport", Wonders of World Aviation, pp. 128–130, illustrated description of the newly opened Singapore Airport

External links

Library resources about
Changi Airport

Media related to Singapore Changi Airport at Wikimedia Commons

[3] Runway 02L is 4,000 m (13,000 ft) and 20R is 3,260 m (10,700 ft) with a displaced threshold of 740 m (2,430 ft). Thus aircraft landing on 20R will have to avoid touching down on the displaced threshold but may use it for departures.

[5] Runway 02R/20L is solely for use by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (see Changi Air Base).^[3] It will be available for commercial use in the future

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[123] "Indonesian businessman, Chinese baseball coach win Changi Airport's Millionaire draw". The Straits Times. 21 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[124] "Two Chinese winners named in Changi millionaire draw". TRBusiness. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019.

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@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 | coordinates = {{coord|01|21|33|N|103|59|22|E|region:SG|display=inline,title}}
 | website = {{url|changiairport.com}}
 | image_map =
 | pushpin_label = SIN
 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Singapore
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 '''Changi Airport''' {{Airport codes|SIN|WSSS}} is the major civilian airport for Singapore, and one of the largest transportation hubs in Southeast Asia. It is currently rated the World's Best Airport by [[Skytrax]],<ref name="Skytrax 2016">
 {{cite web|url=http://www.airlinequality.com/news/airport_awards_2016/|title=Singapore Changi Airport named as the World's Best Airport|publisher=Skytrax|accessdate=16 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319101550/http://www.airlinequality.com/news/airport_awards_2016/|archive-date=19 March 2016|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
 </ref> for the seventh consecutive year since 2013.<ref>
 {{cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-10-airports-2019/|title=World's Top 10 Airports 2019|publisher=Skytrax|accessdate=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330074626/https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-top-10-airports-2019/|archive-date=30 March 2019|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
 </ref> It is also the first Airport in the world to do so for seven consecutive years and is one of the world's busiest airports by international passenger and cargo traffic. The airport is located in [[Changi]], at the eastern end of Singapore, approximately 20 kilometres northeast<ref name="AIP">
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 As of 1 March 2019, Changi Airport serves more than 100 airlines flying to 400 cities in around 100 countries and territories worldwide. Each week, about 7,400 flights land or depart from Changi, or, about one every 80 seconds.
 For the 2018 full year figures published by the airport, the airport handled 65,600,000 passengers (a 5.5% increase over the previous year), the most in its 37-year history.<ref name="Changi Airport" /> This made it the sixth busiest airport by [[List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic|international passenger traffic]] in the world and the second busiest in Asia. In December 2018, Changi Airport registered a total of 6.13&nbsp;million passenger movements, the highest the airport has ever achieved in a month since it opened in 1981. Its daily traffic movement record was also broken on 21 December 2018, with 221,155 passengers passing through during that day. In addition to being an important passenger hub, the airport is also one of the busiest cargo airports in the world, handling 2.150&nbsp;million tonnes of cargo in 2018. The total number of commercial aircraft movements increased by 3.4% from the previous year to 386,000 in 2018.<ref name="Changi Airport"/>
 The airport has won over 594 awards since its opening, including 30 "Best Airport" awards in 2018 alone.<ref name="accolades">{{cite web | url=http://www.changiairport.com/corporate/about-us/awards-and-accolades.html | title=OUR PRIDE | publisher=Changi Airport Group | date=25 March 2019 | accessdate=25 March 2019}}</ref> Changi Airport's efforts to mitigate the effects of ageing infrastructure include continual physical upgrades to its existing terminals and building new facilities to maintain its high standards in airport service quality.<ref name="changiairportgroup.com">
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 {{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changi-airport-to-open-terminal-4-on-october-31-after-more-than-100-trials|title=Changi Airport to open Terminal 4 on Oct 31; 9 airlines to operate from new terminal|website=The Straits Times|date=6 September 2017|accessdate=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008145025/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/changi-airport-to-open-terminal-4-on-october-31-after-more-than-100-trials|archive-date=8 October 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
 </ref>
+===Mixed-use development===
+* [[Jewel Changi Airport]], opened on 17 April 2019, is a multi-use structure interconnecting Terminals 1, 2 and 3. Part of this project will help expand Terminal 1 to handle 24&nbsp;million passengers per year.
 ===Future terminals and projects===
@@ Line 111: / Line 114: @@
 </ref> The airport terminal structure is projected to be larger than terminals 1,2 and 3 combined. It will be built on reclaimed land to the east of the present terminals. It will be funded through the newly increased levy.<ref>
 {{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-new-fee-t5-terminal-5-passengers-9999526 |title=Changi Airport passengers to pay new levy to fund developments including T5 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=28 February 2018 |accessdate=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729081458/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-new-fee-t5-terminal-5-passengers-9999526 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
 </ref> KPF Singapore with Heatherwick Studio, Architects 61, and DP Architects will provide architectural services. Arup Singapore, Mott MacDonald Singapore and Surbana Jurong Consultants will provide engineering services.
-*[[Jewel Changi Airport]], set to open on 17 April  2019, is a multi-use structure interconnecting Terminals 1, 2 and 3. Part of this project will help expand Terminal 1 to handle 24&nbsp;million passengers per year.
 ==Operations==
@@ Line 143: / Line 144: @@
 </ref>
-===Cargo ===
+===Cargo===
 The Air Cargo Division of the Changi Airport Group (CAG) manages the Changi Airfreight Centre<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.changiairportgroup.com.sg/cag/html/business-partners/air-cargo/facilities-and-infrastructures/changi_airfreight_centre/index.html |title=Changi Airfreight Centre |publisher=Changi Airport Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121343/http://www.changiairportgroup.com.sg/cag/html/business-partners/air-cargo/facilities-and-infrastructures/changi_airfreight_centre/index.html |archivedate=30 September 2015}}</ref> located in the north of the airport premises.<ref name="caasdivisions">{{cite web|title=Our Divisions |publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) |url=http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Divisions.html?__locale=en |accessdate=3 November 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926022454/http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/About_CAAS/Our_Divisions.html?__locale=en |archivedate=26 September 2006 }}</ref> The airport handled 1.81&nbsp;million tonnes of air cargo in 2012, making it the 7th busiest airfreight hub in the world and the fifth busiest in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-10712_666_2__|title=Year to date International Freight Traffic|publisher=Airports Council International|date=19 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406120451/https://aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-10712_666_2__|archivedate=6 April 2012}}</ref> Due to Singapore's large electronics sector, electrical components constitute a significant part of the total cargo traffic handled at the airport. Changi airport has initiated attempts to expand into the perishable air cargo market. In 2015, Changi Airport handled 1,853,087 tonnes of air freight. ''Air Cargo World'' awarded the 2013 Air Cargo Excellence Award to Changi Airport for handling more than 1,000,000 tonnes of cargo in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircargoworld.com/Air-Cargo-Excellence/2013-Awards|title=2013 Awards|publisher=Air Cargo World|year=2013|accessdate=9 August 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828202707/http://www.aircargoworld.com/Air-Cargo-Excellence/2013-Awards|archivedate=28 August 2013}}</ref>
@@ Line 226: / Line 227: @@
 <!-- -->
 | [[Chongqing Airlines]] | [[Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport|Chongqing]] (resumes 1 May 2019)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/283411/chongqing-airlines-moves-singapore-service-resumption-to-may-2019/|title=Chongqing Airlines moves Singapore service resumption to May 2019|publisher=Routesonline|accessdate=17 March 2019}}</ref>
 <!-- -->
 | [[Delta Air Lines]] | [[Narita International Airport|Tokyo–Narita]]
 <!-- -->
@@ Line 298: / Line 299: @@
 <!-- -->
 | {{nowrap|[[Myanmar National Airlines]]}} | [[Yangon International Airport|Yangon]]
 <!-- -->
 | [[Philippine Airlines]] | [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila]]
 <!-- -->
@@ Line 366: / Line 367: @@
 <!-- -->
 | [[Urumqi Air]] | [[Ürümqi Diwopu International Airport|Urumqi]], [[Wuhan Tianhe International Airport|Wuhan]] (both begins 18 May 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://airsoc.com/articles/view/id/5c9e60ecc4263c71438b45ca/urumqi-air-launches-urumqi-wuhan-singapore-flights-on-18-may-2019?ev=10&evp=tl/|title=Urumqi Air launches Urumqi - Wuhan - Singapore flights on 18 May 2019|publisher=AirSoc|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>
 <!-- -->
 | [[US-Bangla Airlines]] | [[Shahjalal International Airport|Dhaka]]
 <!-- -->
@@ Line 583: / Line 584: @@
  bar:2001 from:start till: 28.0
  bar:2002 from:start till: 28.9
  bar:2003 from:start till: 24.6
  bar:2004 from:start till: 30.3
  bar:2005 from:start till: 32.4
  bar:2006 from:start till: 35.0
  bar:2007 from:start till: 36.7
  bar:2008 from:start till: 37.6
  bar:2009 from:start till: 37.2
  bar:2010 from:start till: 42.0
  bar:2011 from:start till: 46.5
  bar:2012 from:start till: 51.1
  bar:2013 from:start till: 53.7
  bar:2014 from:start till: 53.7
  bar:2015 from:start till: 55.4
@@ Line 656: / Line 657: @@
 * On 26 March 1991, [[Singapore Airlines Flight 117]], operated by an [[Airbus A310]], was hijacked by four Pakistani terrorists. The flight landed in Changi Airport at 22:15. The [[Special Operations Force (Singapore)|Singapore Special Operations Force]] stormed the plane, on the morning of 27 March. All four hijackers were killed, with no fatalities among the 123 passengers and crew that were held hostage for more than eight hours.
 * On 4 November 2010, [[Qantas Flight 32]], operated by an [[Airbus A380-800]], suffered an [[Turbine engine failure|uncontained engine failure]] and made an [[emergency landing]] in Changi Airport. Upon landing, one of the engines could not be shut down due to ruptured control cables and had to be doused for three hours by airport firefighters to forcefully shut it down. There were no crew or passenger injuries, and all 469 people on board survived this incident.
 * On 27 June 2016, [[Singapore Airlines Flight 368]], operated by a [[Boeing 777-300ER]], suffered an engine problem while flying from Singapore to Milan. During the diversionary landing in Singapore, the right engine and wing caught fire. The fire was quickly extinguished by airport fire services. There were no injuries among the 241 people on board.
 * On 16 May 2017, a fire broke out at the departure hall in Terminal 2.<ref>
@@ Line 673: / Line 673: @@
 {{cite web|url=https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/Boeing/787/9V-OFI-Scoot/WgK0Unex|title=9V-OFI Scoot Boeing 787-8 Dreamliner|website=''planespotters.net''|access-date=6 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207005142/https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/Boeing/787/9V-OFI-Scoot/WgK0Unex|archive-date=7 February 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
 </ref>
-* On 6 February 2018, a [[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle]] which is part of the [[Black Eagles aerobatic team|Black Eagles]] aerobatic team taking part in [[Singapore Airshow| Singapore Airshow 2018]] veered off the runway during take off. It subsequently crashed and caught fire. The fire was put out by emergency services and the pilot was treated for minor injuries. Runway 1 was closed as a result and caused delays at the airport.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/korean-plane-crashes-catches-fire-changi-airport-9932322|title=Korean plane taking part in Singapore Airshow crashes, catches fire at Changi Airport; flight delays expected|date=6 February 2018|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=6 February 2018}}</ref>
+* On 6 February 2018, a [[KAI T-50 Golden Eagle]] which is part of the [[Black Eagles aerobatic team|Black Eagles]] aerobatic team taking part in  [[Singapore Airshow|Singapore Airshow 2018]] veered off the runway during take off. It subsequently crashed and caught fire. The fire was put out by emergency services and the pilot was treated for minor injuries. Runway 1 was closed as a result and caused delays at the airport.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/korean-plane-crashes-catches-fire-changi-airport-9932322|title=Korean plane taking part in Singapore Airshow crashes, catches fire at Changi Airport; flight delays expected|date=6 February 2018|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|access-date=6 February 2018}}</ref>
 ==Ground transportation==
@@ Line 829: / Line 829: @@
 ==See also==
 {{Portal|Southeast Asia|Singapore|Aviation}}
-*[[Airport Logistics Park]]
+* [[Airport Logistics Park]]
-*[[History of Singapore Changi Airport]]
+* [[History of Singapore Changi Airport]]
-*[[Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport]]
+* [[Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport]]
-*''[[Kinetic Rain]]''
+* ''[[Kinetic Rain]]''
 ==References==

v t e Changi Airport
Terminals	Terminal 1 Terminal 2 Terminal 3 Terminal 4 Terminal 5
Air hub for	Singapore Airlines Scoot Jetstar Asia
Related	Jewel Changi Airport Changi Airport Skytrain Kinetic Rain History of Changi Airport Infrastructure of Changi Airport Changi Air Base Seletar Airport