Abu Bakar Ba'asyir: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Abu Bakar Bashir.jpg|thumb|150px|Abu Bakar Bashir]] |
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'''Abu Bakar Bashir''' (also '''Abubakar Ba'asyir''', '''Abdus Somad''', and '''Ustad Abu''' ("Teacher Abu") (born [[August 17]], [[1938]]) is an [[Indonesia|Indonesian]] [[Muslim]] cleric and leader of the [[Indonesian Mujahedeen Council]] (MMI). |
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He runs the Al-Mukmin boarding school in Ngruki, [[Central Java]] which he co-founded with [[Abdullah Sungkar]] in 1972. He was in exile in Malaysia for 17 years during the secular [[Orde Baru|New Order]] administration of the [[President of Indonesia]] [[Suharto]] resulting from various activities, including the urging the implementation of [[Sharia]] law. |
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Intelligence agencies claim he is the spiritual head of [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] (also known as JI) and has links with [[Al-Qaeda]].{{fact}} Bashir, however, denies connections with Jemaah Islamiyah or [[terrorism]] stating he does not believe Jemaah Islamiyah exists. <ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/09/08/1062902001916.html Challenge to the US: prove JI exists], ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'', September 9, 2003</ref> |
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== Biography == |
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{{unreferenced|date=October 2006}} |
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Bashir was born in [[Jombang]], [[East Java]] in [[August 17]], [[1938]]. He was a student of Gontor Islamic boarding school in Jombang, graduating in [[1959]], before entering Al-Irsyad University, in [[Surakarta|Solo]], [[Central Java]] and graduating in [[1963]]. After time as an activist for the ''Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam'' ([[Indonesian]]: "Islamic Student Association") in Solo, he was elected secretary of Al-Irsyad Youth Organization, and then president of Indonesian Islamic Youth Movement (GPII) ([[1961]]), and Indonesian Student Da'wah Organization (LDII).{{fact}} |
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In [[1972]], Bashir founded ''Al-Mukmin'' boarding school with friends Abdullah Sungkar, Yoyo Roswadi, Abdul Qohar H. Daeng Matase and Abdllah Baraja. Al-Mukmin is located in Ngruki, near Solo, Central Java. Initially, Al-Mukmin's activities were limited to religious discussion after only short Islamic forum after ''[[dhuhr]]'' (mid-day prayer). Following increasing interest, the founders expanded Al-Mukmin into [[Madrasah]] (Islamic school) and then to ''[[Pesantren]]'' (Islamic boarding school). |
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In [[1983]], during [[President of Indonesia]] [[Suharto]]'s [[Orde Baru|New Order]], Bashir and Sungkar were arrested allegedly for urging [[Sharia]], non-recognition of the Indonesian national ideology [[Pancasila Indonesia|Pancasila]] which in part promotes religious pluralism, and their school refusal to salute the [[Flag of Indonesia|Indonesian flag]] which they considered to be [[Shirk (idolatry)|shirk]] (Islamic defined [[polytheism]]). Furthermore, they were accused of supporting separatist organizations. {{fact}} He appealed, {{fact}} and in [[1985]] managed to escape to [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]] and then to [[Malaysia]]. In Malaysia, and also [[Singapore]] he was involved in religious teaching. USA alleged that during this period he became involved with [[Jamaah Islamiyah]], an alleged militant [[Islamist]] group. {{fact}} |
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Following the 1998 [[Reformation (Indonesia)|reformation]] and resignation of Suharto, Bashir returned to Indonesia (in [[1999]]), joined the [[Indonesian Mujahedeen Council]], and renewed his call for Sharia. |
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== Views & controversies == |
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He has expressed sympathy for [[Osama bin Laden]], but that he didn't "agree with all of his actions," in particular "total war." He further stated "...If this occurs in an Islamic country, the ''fitnah'' [discord] will be felt by Muslims. But to attack them in their country [America] is fine." He has claimed the [[9/11]] attacks were a [[false flag]] attack by America and Israel to provide an excuse to attack Muslims in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iraq]].<ref> Scott Atran,[http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=46 "A chilling message for the infidels"], ''The First Post'', [[June 18]], 2006.</ref> He claims to believe that Jemaah Islamiyah doesn't exist and that the [[CIA]] and [[Israel]] were behind terror attacks in Indonesia including the [[2002 Bali bombings]]<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200608/s1727436.htm Bashir links CIA to Bali bombings]. ''[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]]'' </ref> After open confessions from the bombers, Bashir claimed in August 2006 that the [[2002 Bali bombings|2002 bali bombs]] were "replaced" by a "[[Suitcase bomb|micro-nuclear]]" weapon by CIA. |
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He has stated his belief that Indonesia must adhere to ''Sharia'' law and has renewed his calls for an Islamic state in Indonesia. <ref name="BashirAlJazeera">{{cite web |
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| last = Noor |
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| first = Farish A. |
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| title = We should not fear being called radical |
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| publisher = Aljazeera.net |
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| date = 21 August 2006 |
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| url = http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/C46DA5C1-D200-48E6-8B24-76EE739EC243,frameless.htm |
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| accessdate = }}</ref> |
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==Arrest and trial== |
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In June [[2002]], the USA government demanded Indonesia turn over [[Omar Al-Faruq]] and Bashir. [[Megawati]]'s administration captured Al-Faruq, transferred him to American custody, and he was subsequently held in [[Bagram]] prison in [[Afghanistan]]. But Megawati refused to transfer Bashir, and many Indonesians protested against the USA and supported Megawati's refusal to fulfill America's request. |
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On [[April 14]], [[2003]], he was formally charged by the Indonesian government with [[treason]], immigration violations, and providing false documents and statements to the Indonesian police. The charges are mainly related to the [[Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia terror attacks]] against [[Christianity|Christian]] churches, which killed 18 people. In the Indonesian court, he was found not guilty of treason because the state failed to prove its case, but was found guilty on the immigration violations. In a local TV news interview, [[Metro TV]], when asked, 'Are you truly a terrorist?'; He simply answered, 'No, I've never killed anyone.' (In [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]). He was sentenced to three years in prison, but the sentence was subsequently reduced to 20 months due to his good behavior in the prison. |
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On [[October 15]], [[2004]], he was arrested by the Indonesian authorities and charged with involvement in the [[2003 Marriott Hotel bombing|bomb attack]] on the [[Marriott Hotel]] in [[Jakarta]] on [[August 5]], [[2003]], which killed 14 people. Secondary charges in the same indictment accuse him of involvement in the [[2002 Bali bombing]], the first time he has faced charges in relation to that attack. On [[March 3]] [[2005]], Bashir was found guilty of conspiracy over the 2002 attacks, but was found not guilty of the charges surrounding the 2003 bombing. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment. He was also linked to the bomb attack on the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monument [[Borobudur]] in 1985 but managed to escape trial by seeking asylum in [[Malaysia]] (this explains the immigration charges against him above).<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0502/p07s01-woap.html</ref>{{cite needed}} |
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==Remission and release == |
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On [[17 August]] [[2005]], as part of the tradition of remissions for Indonesia's Independence Day, Bashir's jail term was cut by 4 months and 15 days. On [[14 June]] [[2006]], to cheers from his supporters waiting outside, Abu Bakar Bashir was released, having served 25+ months in Jakarta's Cipinang jail, where he held court and coordinated the publication of a commemorative book with his release. About forty black jacketed bodyguards in uniform black jackets linked arms to escort Bashir through chanting crowds. |
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After returning to the boarding school for which he is the spiritual leader, he pledged a renewed campaign to impose Islamic [[sharia]] law on Indonesia. He also called [[Australia]]n [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]], [[John Howard]], to convert to Islam in order to save him from [[Jahannam|hell]] and receive [[Allah|God]]'s forgiveness.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200606/s1663330.htm Howard should convert to Islam: Bashir] by Geoff Thompson, [[ABC News and Current Affairs|ABC Online]], [[June 15]], 2006</ref> Howard said that Australians would be "extremely disappointed, even distressed" at the news of the release.<ref>[http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5078540.stm Australia angry as cleric freed], [[BBC News]], [[June 14]], 2006</ref> In August 2006, Bashir claimed that the 2002 Bali bombs were replaced by the American CIA with a "micro-nuclear" weapon. He also claimed the original bombs were only intended to injure people, not kill them - despite the bombers' own admissions and public testimony. [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200608/s1727436.htm] In answer to one reporter's question as to what the West and the United States can do to make the world safer, Bashir replied, "They have to stop fighting Islam. That's impossible because it is sunnatullah [destiny, a law of nature], as Allah has said in the Koran. If they want to have peace, they have to accept to be governed by Islam." [http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200608/s1727436.htm] |
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On [[December 21]] [[2006]], Bashir's conviction was overturned by Indonesia's Supreme Court. He publicly criticised the [[United Nations]] because he remained on the body's list of international terrorists, saying "I am terrorist number 35 on the list."<ref>{{cite news | last=Murdoch | first=Lindsay | title=Bashir clear on Bali blasts as attack fears grow | date=[[December 22]], [[2006]] | publisher=The Age | url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/bashir-clear-on-bali-blasts/2006/12/22/1166290688186.html}}</ref> |
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==Notes== |
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<references /> |
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</div> |
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==External links== |
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{{portal|Indonesia}} |
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*[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/C46DA5C1-D200-48E6-8B24-76EE739EC243,frameless.htm "We should not fear being called radical"], Interview by Farish A. Noor for [[Al Jazeera International]], [[August 21]], 2006 |
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*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2339693.stm "Profile: Abu Bakar Ba'asyir"], ''BBC'' |
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*[http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200410/s1221348.htm "Bashir to face Bali charges"], ''ABC'' |
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*[http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=46 "A chilling message for the infidels"], ''The First Post'' |
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*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5075908.stm "Bali bomb cleric freed from jail"], ''BBC'' |
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*[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/bashirs-release-a-cause-of-great-pain-howard/2006/06/14/1149964605731.html "Bashir's release a cause of great pain: Howard"], ''The Age'' |
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*[http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/narasi/2004/04/17/nrs,20040417-02,id.html Abu Bakar Ba'asyir], A biography by ''tempointeractive.com'' {{id icon}} |
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[[Category:1938 births|Bashir, Abu Bakar]] |
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[[Category:Indonesian prisoners and detainees|Bashir, Abu Bakar]] |
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[[Category:Living people|Bashir, Abu Bakar]] |
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[[Category:Muslims|Bashir, Abu Bakar]] |
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[[de:Abu Bakar Bashir]] |
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[[ms:Abu Bakar Basyir]] |
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[[nl:Abu Bakar Bashir]] |
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[[ja:アブ・バカル・バシル]] |
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[[fi:Abu Bakar Bashir]] |
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Revision as of 23:21, 21 December 2006
Where's the news article on Ipswich?