User:Abulubada/sandbox
Criticism
Some researchers have critiqued the ACTFL scale by noting that it relies on a series of subjective statements, rather than empirical measurements of linguistic performance. [1][2] Researchers have also shown that OPI test-takers' ratings can be significantly affected by anxiety during the test[3][4], and that rating judgements can vary significantly between individual raters.</ref>[5]
- ^ Liskin-Gasparro, Judith E. (2003). "The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines and the Oral Proficiency Interview: A Brief History and Analysis of Their Survival". Foreign Language Annals. 36 (4): 483–490.
- ^ Fulcher, Glenn (1996). "Invalidating validity claims for the ACTFL oral rating scale". System. 24 (2): 163–172.
- ^ Young, Dolly J. (1986). "The Relationship Between Anxiety and Foreign Language Oral Proficiency Ratings". Foreign Language Annals. 19 (5): 439–445.
- ^ MacIntyre, Peter D.; Noels, Kimberly A.; Clement, Richard (1997). "Biases in Self-Ratings of Second Language Proficiency: The Role of Language Anxiety". Language Learning. 47 (2): 65–287.
- ^ Brown, Annie (2003). "Interviewer variation and the co-construction of speaking proficiency". Language Testing. 20 (1): 1–25.