List of Large Group Awareness Training organizations and methodologies
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The phrase Large Group Awareness Training has been used by psychologists, psychiatrists and academics in academic journal peer reviewed articles[1][2][3] and psychology books and textbooks.[4][5][6][7][8][9] The term has been further discussed in the study, Evaluating a Large Group Awareness Training[4].
The phrase is used to describe training programs that offer to help enhance self-awareness and facilitate constructive personal change. Participants seek to improve their overall level of satisfaction and interpersonal relations by carrying out such experiential exercises as role-playing, group singing and chanting, and guided group interaction. The programs generally takes place over the period of a few days, in which individuals receive "intense, emotionally-focussed instruction[10].
- The List
The following list contains groups, methodologies and organizations which have been referred to as "Large Group Awareness Training" in documented sources.
Any group, organization or methodology can be listed here, provided a citation from a reputable source can be found which identifies the organization as LGAT.
- Citations should be provided next to each entry indicating the source of the reference(s).
- The (founder) of the organization, if known, is listed next to the entry.
A
- Actualizations (Stewart Emery)[4][11][12][13][5][14] [15]
- Alpha Seminars[11]
- Arica Institute (Oscar Ichazo)[12]
- Avatar (Harry Palmer) [16]
C
- Context Training (Randy Revell)[11][17]
- Choices Personal Growth Seminar [10]
D
- Dimensional Mind Approach[11]
- Direct Centering (Gavin Barnes, aka Bayard Hora)[12][13]
E
- Erhard Seminars Training (est)[18][4][10][19][20][14][9][13][17][21][22](Werner Erhard)
- Exegesis (organization)[22]
F
H
I
- Insight Seminars (John-Roger Hinkins)[12][13](Russell Bishop)
L
- Landmark Education[10][4][15]
- Leadership Dynamics (William Penn Patrick)[14]
- Life Dynamics[11]
- Lifespring (John Hanley)[4][10][19][20][12][13][17][21][5][9][15]
- Lifestream (James Quinn)[11]
- Life Training / Kairos Foundation (W. R. Whitten and K. B. Brown)[12]
M
- Mind Dynamics (Alexander Everett)[14]
- Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness (MSIA), (Roger Delano Hinkins)[12][13]
N
O
- ONE (Oury Engolz)[12]
P
- Pathwork[11]
- Personal Dynamics [11]
- PSI Seminars (Thomas D. Wilhite)[12][13][11]
R
- Relationships[4]
S
- Silva Method[13] or Silva Mind Control (José Silva)[12]
- Sterling Institute of Relationships (Arthur Kasarjian)[17]
T
V
W
Further reading
References
- ^ Denison, Charles Wayne (1994), Children of EST a Study of the Experience and Perceived Effects of a Large Group Awareness Training., University of Denver, pp. Ph.D. Dissertation
- ^ Lieberman, "Effects of Large Group Awareness Training on Participants' Psychiatric Status", American Journal of Psychiatry v 144 p 460-464, April 1987.
- ^ Finkelstein, P. (1982). "Large Group Awareness Training". Annual Review of Psychology. 33. Calvin Perry Stone: 515–539. ISSN 0066-4308.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Fisher, Jeffrey D. (1990). Evaluating a Large Group Awareness Training. Springer-Verlag. p. 142. ISBN 0387973206 , ISBN 978-0387973203.
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Page. vii. -- "The research reported in this volume was awarded the American Psychological Association, Division 13, National Consultants to Management Award, August 13, 1989." - ^ a b c d Coon, Dennis (2004). Psychology: A Journey. Thomson Wadsworth. pp. 520, 528, 538. ISBN 0534632645.
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"Large-group awareness training refers to programs that claim to increase self-awareness and facilitate constructive personal change. Lifespring, Actualizations, the Forum, and similar commercial programs are examples. Like the smaller groups that preceded them, large-group trainings combine psychological exercises, confrontation, new view-points, and group dynamics to promote personal change." - ^ Pettijohn, Terri F. (1988). Annotated Instructor's Edition, Psychology an Introduction, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0137345003.
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"A recent development has been the emergence of large-group awareness training. Erhard Seminar Training (EST) is one of the best known." - ^ Howard, Martin (2005). We Know What You Want: How They Change Your Mind. The Disinformation Company. ISBN 1932857052.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Lilienfeld, Scott O. (2003). Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology. Guilford Press. p. 186. ISBN 1572308281.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Tindale, R. Scott (2001). Group Processes: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology. Blackwell Publishing. p. 630. ISBN 1405106530.
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"EST, FORUM and LIFESPRING are all examples of LGATs, for members seek to improve their overall level of satisfaction and interpersonal relations by carrying out such experiential exercises as role-playing, group singing and chanting, and guided group interaction." - ^ a b c d e f DuMerton, M.A., C. (July 2004). "Tragic Optimism and Choices: The Life Attitudes Scale with a First Nations Sample" (PDF). (Master's Thesis). Peer Review by Paul Wong, Ph.D., Jill Charlie, M.Ed., Marvin McDonald, Ph.D., Rod McCormack, Ph.D. (Master of Arts, Graduate Counseling Psychology Program). Trinity Western University. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
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"The researcher contends that the Choices seminar is a type of Large Group Awareness Training (LGAT) program. LGAT was a name coined for personal development programs in which many people at one time receive intense, emotionallyfocussed instruction over a period of hours or days to help them begin to discover the full potential for their lives. Described as part psychotherapy, part spirituality, and part business (Langone, 1998), notable LGAT programs, which originated from the human potential movement of the 1950s and 1960s, include the Erhard Seminars Training (est), Landmark Forum, Lifespring and Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP). These simplistic, highly structured and lucrative methods have spawned hundreds of take-offs on the original seminars, each attempting to create their own unique version." - ^ a b c d e f g h i j Vahle, Neal (2002). The Unity Movement: Its Evolution and Spiritual Teachings. Templeton Foundation Press. pp. 399, 402, 403, 480. ISBN 1890151963.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Margaret Singer and Janja Lalich. Cults in our Midst (book), 1995, pp. 42-43. ISBN 0-7879-0051-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Intruding into the Workplace, Dr. Margaret Singer, excerpted from Cults in our Midst (book), 1995.
- ^ a b c d Coon, Dennis (2003). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Thomson Wadsworth. pp. Pp. 648, 649, 655. ISBN 053461227X.
{{cite book}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Benjamin, Elliot (June 2005). "Spirituality and Cults" (PDF). Integral Science.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b c d Large Grouop (sic) Awareness Trainings (LGAT), Cultic Studies Journal, International Cultic Studies Association, retrieved 1/17/2006.
- ^ Smart, Paul (August 15, 2002). "The Sterling Men Of Woodstock: A Series (Part III) - The psychology of cults and secret societies". Woodstock Times.
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He held his first Large group Awareness Training session, for nearly 1,000 paying attendees, in San Francisco in 1971. By 1991, his "est" (Erhard Seminar Training) movement had hit some 700,000 converts by the time Erhard sold his "technology" to brother Harry Rosenberg in 1991 and moved out of the country facing bad press for both his movement and a soured personal life. Since then, Rosenberg turned est into The Forum. - ^ a b Zeig, Jeffrey K. (1997). The Evolution of Psychotherapy: The Third Conference. Psychology Press. pp. Pp. 352, 357. ISBN 0876308132.
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"Training or T-groups, sensitivity training, and encounter groups spread and were followed by commercially sold large group awareness training programs, such as est, Lifespring and other programs." - ^ a b Burlingame, Gary M. (1994). Handbook of Group Psychotherapy: An Empirical and Clinical Synthesis. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 528, 532, 535, 539, 549, 550, 555, 556, 581, 583. ISBN 0471555924.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ a b Large Group Awareness Trainings, Michael Langone, Ph.D., Cult Observer, Volume 15, No. 1, 1998
- ^ a b 2002 British documentary, Adam Curtis, The Century of the Self. episode part 3 of 4. This segment of the video discusses Exegesis (organization), likens it as an outgrowth of Erhard Seminars Training and Large Group Awareness Training.
- ^ Partridge, C. (2004). New Religions: A Guide; New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities. Oxford University Press. pp. Page 195. ISBN 0-19-522042-0.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) [1][http://www.cults.co.nz/n.php - ^ Jacobs, Alan (May 1, 1996). "Autocratic Power". Idea Journal. 1 (1). ISSN 1523-1712.
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.."or some version of large group awareness training or LGAT like est or one of its offshoots, such as Transformation Technologies, the Forum.."