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Fenerbahçe S.K.

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Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
logo
Full nameFenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
Nickname(s)Sarı Kanaryalar
(The Yellow Canaries)
Founded1907
GroundŞükrü Saracoğlu Stadium,
Istanbul, Turkey
Capacity50,509[1]
ChairmanTurkey Aziz Yıldırım
ManagerBrazil Zico
LeagueTurkcell Süper Lig
2006-07Süper Lig, 1st
Turkcell Super League 2006-07 Winners
Süper Lig

Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü (Fenerbahçe Sports Club), commonly known as Fenerbahçe (IPA: [feneːɾbatʃe]), is a sports club in İstanbul, Turkey. The team is based in the district of Istanbul named Fenerbahçe. The name of the district and the sports club derives from the lighthouse located in the district ('Fener' in Turkish means 'lighthouse', 'bahçe' means garden). The most popular branch of the club by far is the football team, but the club also competes in basketball, volleyball, rowing, boxing, sailing, athletics, swimming and table tennis. Fenerbahçe's football branch currently plays in the Turkcell Süper Lig. They are nicknamed the Yellow Canaries and play their home games at the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadyumu in Kadıköy. On October 4, 2006, after numerous inspections by UEFA, Fenerbahçe's stadium, Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, was selected to host the 2009 UEFA Cup final.[2]

History

Past Fenerbahçe kits

Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü was first founded in 1899. In those times, there were no football teams in the Ottoman Empire as it was forbidden to play football. In Kadiköy some Turkish men were playing football in "Papaz'ın Çayırı". Papaz'in Çayırı is the same place where the Şükrü Saraçoğlu Stadium was built. These men founded the first football club — Black Stockings F.C. (Siyah Çoraplılar Futbol Kulübü) — in the Ottoman Empire. They were one of the first football clubs in Istanbul, along with Kadiköy F.C., Moda, Elpis, and Imogene.[3] Black Stockings were shutdown by the Sultan's men soon thereafter. James LaFontaine and Horace Armitage founded the Istanbul Football League in 1902, its founding members being "Cadıkeuy Football Club" (Kadıköy Futbol Kulübü).[3] Five years later, in 1907, most of the same people who played for Black Stockings F.C. and Kadiköy F.C. founded Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü.[3]

Nurizade Ziya Songülen and Necip Okaner founded Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü a century ago in 1907 on Beşbıyık Street in Moda.[4] The club had to be kept under wraps because of the strict Ottoman rule under Sultan Abdul Hamid, where Turkish youth were not allowed to set up clubs or play football.[3] Songülen was elected the first president of the club, Ayetullah became the first General Secretary, and Okaner was given the post of the General Captain.[5] The lighthouse situated on the Fenerbahçe cape was a big influence on the design of the club's first emblem, which sported the yellow and white colors of daffodils around the lighthouse. The kits were also designed with yellow and white stripes.[5] The emblem and colors of the club were changed in 1910 when Topuz Hikmet redesigned the badge and changed the colors to yellow and navy, still seen today. Fenerbahçe's activities were kept in secrecy until a legislation reform in 1908, when, under a new law, all football clubs had to register to exist legally.[5] Fenerbahçe joined the Istanbul League in 1909, finishing fifth in their first year. The first line-up included Ziya Songülen, Ayetullah Bey, Necip Okaner, Galip Kulaksızoğlu, Hassan Sami Kocamemi, Asaf Beşpınar, Enver Yetiker, Şevkati Hulusi Bey, Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan, Hamit Hüsnü Kayacan, and Nasuhi Baydar.[6] They did not achieve any success until the 1912-13 season, when they won the league undefeated.[5]

Fenerbahçe played against the staff of the Royal Navy that occupied Istanbul during the Turkish War of Independence. Some British soldiers formed football teams that were named after the players speciality, for example Essex Engineers, Irish Guards, Grenadiers, and Artillery. These teams played against each other and against local football teams in Istanbul. Fenerbahçe won many of these matches.[7]

The Turkish Football Federation founded a national league in 1959, which continues today under the name of the Türkiye Süper Lig. Fenerbahçe won the 1959 Turkish First Football League, beating Galatasaray S.K. 4-1 on aggregate.[8] The next year, Fenerbahçe participated in the UEFA Champions League for the first time. They qualified through a 4-3 win over Csepel SC. They lost their first round game to OGC Nice 1-5 in a playoff game after drawing on aggregate.[9] Fenerbahçe became the most successful Turkish club of the 1960s, winning five out of 10 leagues. They were also runners-up three times.[10][11]

The 1970s saw Fenerbahçe win four more league titles. The decade also saw the first non-Istanbul club and a club outside of Fenerbahçe, Beşiktaş J.K., and Galatasaray S.K. win a league title. Trabzonspor went on to win four times during the decade.[10][11] Fenerbahçe won three titles in the 1980s, a period where each club in the "Big Four"[12] won at least two titles.[10][11] Galatasaray S.K. and Beşiktaş J.K. dominated the Turkish League during the 1990s, combining to win nine out of 10 times. Fenerbahçe's only Turkish League success during the 1990s came in 1995-1996 season.[10][11]

An early replica kit.

Fenerbahçe won the league in 2001, denying Galatasaray a fifth consecutive title. They followed up the following year with a runners-up place behind Galatasaray with new coach Werner Lorant. The next season, however, did not go so well as Fenerbahçe finished in sixth place.[13] After firing Werner Lorant, they hired another German coach, Christoph Daum. Daum had previously coached in Turkey, winning the league with Beşiktaş J.K. in 1994-95. Fenerbahçe brought in players including Pierre van Hooijdonk, Mehmet Aurélio, and Fabio Luciano as a rebuilding process. These new players helped lead Fenerbahçe to their fifteenth title and third star.[14][15] The next year was followed up by a narrow championship over Trabzonspor, winning the then record of sixteen Turkish First Football League championships.[16] Fenerbahçe lost the title in the last week of the 2005-06 season to Galatasaray. Fenerbahçe needed a win, but instead drew 1-1 with Denizlispor while Galatasaray won 3-0 over Kayserispor. Soon after, Christoph Daum stepped down as manager,[17] and was replaced by Zico on July 4, 2006.[18] Zico began his reign by signing two new defenders, highly-touted Uruguayan international Diego Lugano, and fellow Brazilian Edu Dracena.[19][20] Zico also signed two strikers, Serbian international Mateja Kezman, and another Brazilian, Deivid.[21] Fenerbahçe's 2006-07 domestic season started off with a 6-0 win over relegation candidates Kayseri Erciyesspor.[22] In round 32 of the Turkcell Super League, Fenerbahçe drew Trabzonspor 2-2, while Beşiktaş J.K. lost to Bursaspor 0-3, putting the former out of contention for the title.[23][24] Fenerbahçe won their seventeenth Turkish Super League title in 2007, the most in Turkey.[25]

Atatürk and Fenerbahçe

According to the official web-site of the club, the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was an alleged Fenerbahçe supporter. On 10 August, after a 3–3 draw against Galatasaray in the Gazi Cup, Atatürk had three Galatasaray and two Fenerbahçe supporters next to him, where he is quoted as having said: "We are three on three here, because I’m a Fenerbahçe supporter too".

When the club's wooden building at Kuşdili, Kadıköy burnt down on the night of June 5, 1932, the first donation for a new building came from Atatürk. Atatürk has also visited the club and has signed the book of honour where he wrote the following:

I was informed of Fenerbahçe Club’s admirable activities and had made it a duty of mine to visit and congratulate the club. That visit has fallen on this day and I hereby record my tribute and congratulations.[26]

May 3, 1918 (3.5.1334 AH) signed by Army commander Mustafa Kemal

However, there isn't any other source other than club publications that state Atatürk was a Fenerbahçe supporter. There are other football clubs[27][28] that claim Atatürk was their supporter when he was alive. On the other hand, some historians[29] insist that Atatürk didn't support any club, and football was not one of his favorite sports.[30] He is said to have been interested in wrestling and swimming.[31]

File:Fener100logo.gif
Special centenary logo of Fenerbahçe

Emblem

The Fenerbahçe emblem was designed by Topuz Hikmet who played left wing in 1910 and was made by Tevfik Haccar (Taşcı) in London. The emblem consists of five colours. The white section which includes the writing Fenerbahçe Spor Kulubu 1907 represents purity and open heartedness, the red section represents love and attachment to the club and symbolises the Turkish flag. The yellow middle section symbolises admiration and envy, while the navy symbolises nobility. The oak acorn leaf which rises from the navy and yellow section shows the power of Fenerbahçe. The green colour of the leaf shows the success of Fenerbahçe is imperative.[32]

Topuz Hikmet describes the story of the emblem:

After the change of the club’s colours from yellow and white to yellow and navy, it was an issue to create an emblem with our new colours. My friends left the design of this emblem to me. Firstly, I brought together the colours of our national flag, red and white. Then drew a heart shape over the red and gave it a yellow and navy colour, adding an acorn leaf that represents resistance, power and strength. I wrote the club name and foundation date on the white section. When drawing our emblem, I tried to give this meaning: Serving the club with dependence from heart. The design was favored by my friends and our new emblem was made through the guidance of Tevfik Haccar, who was in Germany at time. After the new alphabet was approved, the design was protected, but the club name on the emblem was changed to Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü - 1907.

File:Fbstadium.jpg
Aerial view of Fenerbahçe's stadium, Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium.

Stadium

Main article: Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium

Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium is a football stadium in the Kadıköy district of İstanbul, Turkey. It is the home venue of Fenerbahçe S.K. It was inaugurated in 1908 and was renovated between 1999 and 2006, increasing the capacity.

Fenerbahçe museum

Inside Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium is the Fenerbahçe museum, home to many historical figures related to Fenerbahçe. President Aziz Yildirim commishined the building of a museum, thus building the first Turkish football club museum. The museum was finished after one year of construction and opened on October 19, 2005. There are ten sections in the museum.[33]

Football

Best European matches

Despite being the wealthiest Turkish club that regularly improves its squad with international stars, Fenerbahçe has never made a successful run in European competition. Their only European triumph came in the now-defunct Balkans Cup. There are no significant memorable events other than individual home wins; Fenerbahçe has never been able to advance past qualifying groups in European Champions League. Fenerbahçe is notable, however, for ending the 40-year old European unbeaten home record of Manchester United after a 1–0 win at Old Trafford.[34]

Season Opponent Locale Score Competition
1961 Greece AEK Athens FC Home 5–1 Balkans Cup
1964 Hungary MTK Hungária FC Away 3–1 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
1967 Greece AEK Athens FC Home 3–1 Balkans Cup
1968 England Manchester City Home 2–1 European Cup
1975 Portugal Benfica Home 1–0 European Cup
1978 Netherlands PSV Eindhoven Home 2–1 European Cup
1985 France Bordeaux Away 3–2 European Cup
1996 England Manchester United Away 1–0 UEFA Champions League
1996 Austria Rapid Vienna Home 1–0 UEFA Champions League
1998 Italy Parma F.C. Home 1–0 UEFA Cup
1998 Sweden IFK Göteborg Home 1–0 UEFA Cup
2001 Scotland Rangers F.C. Home 2–1 UEFA Cup
2004 Czech Republic Sparta Praha Away 1–0 UEFA Champions League
2004 England Manchester United Home 3–0 UEFA Champions League
2005 Netherlands PSV Eindhoven Home 3–0 UEFA Champions League
2006 Italy Palermo Home 3–0 UEFA Cup

Current squad

Turkish clubs are limited to six players without Turkish citizenship.

As of May 25, 2007: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK Turkey TUR Volkan Demirel
4 MF Ghana GHA Stephen Appiah
7 MF Turkey TUR Mehmet Yozgatlı
9 FW Serbia SRB Mateja Kežman
10 FW Turkey TUR Tuncay Şanlı (C)
11 MF Turkey TUR Tümer Metin
15 MF Turkey TUR Mehmet Aurélio
16 MF Turkey TUR Kerim Zengin
17 DF Turkey TUR Can Arat
19 DF Turkey TUR Önder Turacı
20 MF Brazil BRA Alex
21 MF Turkey TUR Selçuk Şahin
22 GK Turkey TUR Serdar Kulbilge
23 FW Turkey TUR Semih Sentürk
No. Pos. Nation Player
24 DF Turkey TUR Deniz Baris
25 MF Turkey TUR Uğur Boral
27 MF Turkey TUR Kemal Aslan
29 MF Turkey TUR Olcan Adin
30 MF Turkey TUR Serkan Balcı
34 GK Turkey TUR Rüştü Reçber
35 DF Uruguay URU Diego Lugano
36 DF Brazil BRA Edu Dracena
46 DF Turkey TUR Mehmet Kutay Senyil
47 FW Turkey TUR Umut Güzelses
48 DF Turkey TUR Osman Kürşat Duman
49 MF Turkey TUR Alper Balaban
99 FW Brazil BRA Deivid

Players out on loan Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
6 DF Turkey TUR Mahmut Hanefi Erdoğdu (at Gaziantepspor until June 2007)
14 GK Turkey TUR Recep Biler (at Karşıyaka SK until June 2007)
18 MF Turkey TUR Gürhan Gürsoy (at Sivasspor until June 2007)
No. Pos. Nation Player
-- GK Turkey TUR Volkan Babacan (at Istanbulspor until June 2007)
-- FW Brazil BRA Mateus (at Bursaspor until June 2007)

For recent transfers, see the "Transfer Deals" section of 2007-08 in Turkish football.

File:Fenerium.jpg
Fenerbahçhe's store, Fenerium, is located under Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium. The store sells merchandise related to the club.

PAF

Main article: Fenerbahçe S.K. PAF

Technical staff

Name Nat. Job
Zico Brazil Manager
Moraci Vasconcelos Sant’anna Brazil Assistant Manager
Eduardo Antunes Coimbra Brazil Assistant Manager
Irfan Saraloğlu Turkey Coach
Zeki Önder Özen Turkey Coach
Murat Öztürk Turkey Goalkeeping coach
Mehmet Hacıoğlu Turkey PAF (U-20) Manager
Şenol Çorlu Turkey Fenerbahçe Academy Director
Ethem Kavukçu Turkey Doctor
Michael Schulten Germany Physiotherapist
Orhan Şakir Turkey Physiotherapist

[35][36]

Notable players

Other footballers Fenerbahçe footballers.

Notable managers

Further information: List of Fenerbahçe S.K. managers

The following managers have all won at least one Turkish First Football League title:

Name Period Trophies
Turkey Mehmet Reşat Nayır 1959–1960
Hungary Laszlo Szekelly 1960–1961 Turkish First Football League
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Miroslav Kokotovic 1962–1964 Turkish First Football League
England Oscar Hold 1964–1965 Turkish First Football League, Atatürk Cup
Hungary Ignace Molnar 1967–1968 Turkish First Football League, President Cup, Turkish Cup
Romania Traian Ionescu 1968–1969 Turkish First Football League, TSYD Cup
Brazil Didi 1972–1975 Turkish First Football League (2), TSYD Cup (2), Chancellor Cup, President Cup (2), Turkish Cup
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Tomislav Kaleperovic 1976–1978 Turkish First Football League, TSYD Cup
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Branko Stanković 1982–1984 Turkish First Football League, Fleet Cup (2), TSYD Cup, Turkish Cup
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Todor Veselinović 1984–1985
1988–1990 		Turkish First Football League (2), Chancellor Cup (3), Fleet Cup (2), TSYD Cup
Brazil Carlos Alberto Parreira 1995–1996 Turkish First Football League, TSYD Cup
Turkey Mustafa Denizli 2000–2001 Turkish First Football League
Germany Christoph Daum 2003–2006 Turkish First Football League (2)
Brazil Zico 2006— Turkish First Football League

Turkish League Achievements

During the early years of 20th century, organized football leagues existed only in Istanbul. After the Republic was founded, and with the establishment of the Turkish Football Federation in 1923, the federation started organizing leagues in different cities, although these leagues were localised. Later on, the Federation started organizing inter-city leagues, first under the name of the National League (Milli Küme), and then Turkish League. Since its foundation, Fenerbahçe SK has won 25 national championships (some in the previous incarnation to the official league operating today), 16 inter-city league championships, 26 official cup titles organized by the Turkish Football Federation and 19 other cups.

The logo of Fenerbahçe

Football Honours

  • Turkish League Championships:
    • Winners (17): 1959, 1960-61, 1963-64, 1964-65, 1967-68, 1969-70, 1973-74, 1974-75, 1977-78, 1982-83, 1984-85, 1988-89, 1995-96, 2000-01, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2006-07
    • Runners-up (15): 1960, 1961-62, 1966-67, 1970-71, 1972-73, 1975-76, 1976-77, 1979-80, 1983-84, 1989-90, 1991-92, 1993-94, 1997-98, 2001-02, 2005-2006
  • Turkish Cup:
    • Winners (4): 1968, 1974, 1979, 1983
    • Runners-up (7): 1963, 1965, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2006
  • Balkans Cup:
    • Winners (1): 1966-1967
  • Atatürk Cup:
    • Winners (2): 1964, 1998
  • President Cup:
    • Winners (6): 1968, 1973, 1975, 1984, 1985, 1990
  • Chancellor Cup:
    • Winners (8): 1945, 1946, 1950, 1973, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1998
  • TSYD Cup:
    • Winners (12): 1969, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1994, 1995
  • Turkish Football Championship:
    • Winners (3): 1932-33, 1934-35, 1943-44
  • Istanbul Football League:
    • Winners (16): 1911-12, 1913-14, 1914-15, 1920-21, 1922-23, 1929-30, 1932-33, 1934-35, 1935-36, 1936-37, 1943-44, 1946-47, 1947-48, 1952-53, 1956-57, 1958-59
  • Istanbul Football Cup:
    • Winners (1): 1944
  • Fleet Cup:
    • Winners (4): 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985
  • Istanbul Shield:
    • Winners (4): 1930, 1934, 1938, 1939
  • National Heap:
    • Winners (6): 1936-37, 1939-40, 1942-43, 1944-45, 1945-46, 1949-50
  • Spor-Toto Cup:
    • Winners (1): 1967
  • General Harrington Cup:

Basketball

Main article: Fenerbahçe Ülkerspor
Fenerbahçe Ülkerspor
logo
Founded 2006
Arena Abdi İpekçi Arena
Team Colors Yellow and Navy
League Turkish Basketball League
Chairman Turkey Aziz Yıldırım
Head Coach Turkey Aydın Örs

Fenerbahçe's second biggest branch is its basketball team. In 2006 Fenerbahçe's basketball department was merged with Ülkerspor's department.

Fenerbahçe's honours before Fenerbahçe merged with Ülkerspor

Fenerbahçe guard Willie Solomon

Fenerbahçe Honours

Mens team

  • Turkish Championship
    • Winners (4): 1957, 1959, 1965, 1991
  • Turkish Federation Cup
    • Winners (6): 1954, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1967
  • Turkish Super Cup
    • Winners (3): 1990, 1991, 1994

Womens team

  • Turkish Championship
    • Winners (5): 1999, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007
  • Turkish Federation Cup
    • Winners (7): 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
  • Turkish Super Cup
    • Winners (5): 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005
  • Womens FIBA EuroCup
    • Runners-up (2): 2003,2005

Ülkerspor

Ülkerspor was a Turkish basketball club based in İstanbul and sponsored by Ülker Food Group. The sports club was founded in 1975, however the basketball department was established by a takeover of the basketball team Nasaşspor in 1993. At the end of the 2005/06 season, it was announced that the club would be merged with the Fenerbahçe Basketball Club. It was also announced that all the current players that were contracted to Ülkerspor would be transferred to Fenerbahçe.

In their first season since becoming a club, Ülkerspor played in the final of the Turkish Basketball League and represented Turkey at the Korac Cup. In its brief history of 12 seasons, Ülkerspor played in the championship 8 times, won 3 times championship titles in those 8 years, and won two Turkish Cup's. The orange-green squad also won the President’s Cup 5 times and established itself as the country's second most successful club after crosstown rival Efes Pilsen.

Ülkerspor Honours

  • Turkish League:
    • Winners (4): 1995, 1998, 2001, 2006
  • Turkish Cup:
    • Winners (2): 2003, 2004
  • President’s Cup:
    • Winners (5): 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004

Current squad

For the current squad, see Fenerbahçe Ülkerspor.

References

  1. ^ "Turkish Football Federation Information Pages for 2006-2007 Season". Retrieved 2007-05-13. Template:Tr icon
  2. ^ "Saracoğlu to host 2009 UEFA Cup Final". Fenerbahçe.org. 2006-10-04. Retrieved 2007-04-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d "Tarihçe". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15. Template:Tr icon
  4. ^ "General Information". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  5. ^ a b c d "History". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  6. ^ "Tarihçe - 4. Sayfa". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-16. Template:Tr icon
  7. ^ Istanbul teams matches under millitary occupation Template:Tr icon
  8. ^ See Turkish First Football League 1959 for results.
  9. ^ See European Cup 1959-60 for results.
  10. ^ a b c d Sivritepe, Erdinç. "Archives". turkish-soccer.com. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  11. ^ a b c d See also Turkish Super League#Champions.
  12. ^ Beşiktaş J.K., Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray S.K., and Trabzonspor
  13. ^ See Turkish First Football League 2002-03
  14. ^ In Turkey, a club is awarded one star on their kits for every five league titles.
  15. ^ See Turkish First Football League 2003-04 for final standings.
  16. ^ See Turkish First Football League 2004-05.
  17. ^ "Teşekkürlerimizle..." Fenerbahçe.org. 2006-06-16. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Template:Tr icon
  18. ^ "Zico signs two-year Fenerbahce coaching deal". ESPNsoccernet. 2006-07-04. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ "Türkiye'nin en büyük takımına gidiyorum". Fenerbahçe.org. 2006-08-17. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Template:Tr icon
  20. ^ "Dracena to Fenerbahce". Taipei Times. 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "Fenerbahce soccer club signs four-year contract with Mateja Kezman". People's Daily Online. 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "Maç Raporu". LigTV.com.tr. 2006-08-05. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Template:Tr icon
  23. ^ "Maç Raporu". LigTV.com.tr. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Template:Tr icon
  24. ^ "Maç Raporu". LigTV.com.tr. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Template:Tr icon
  25. ^ "Fenerbahçe handed Turkish crown". UEFA.com. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-05-13. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Fenerbahçe Sports Club article of the story
  27. ^ Atatürk and Beşiktaş Template:Tr icon
  28. ^ Atatürk Supported Karşıyaka Template:Tr icon
  29. ^ Was Atatürk a Sports Club supporter? Template:Tr icon
  30. ^ Atatürk's Team Template:Tr icon
  31. ^ Atatürk and Sports Template:Tr icon
  32. ^ "Emblem". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  33. ^ "FENERBAHÇE MÜZESİ TARİHİ". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-05-28. Template:Tr icon
  34. ^ "Manchester United 0:1 Fenerbahce". RedCafe.net. 1996-10-30. Retrieved 2007-04-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ "A Team Technical Staff". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  36. ^ "Youth Football Coaches". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
  37. ^ "General Harrington Kupası". Fenerbahçe.org. Retrieved 2007-04-15. Template:Tr icon
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