Brown hair
Brown hair is the second most common hair color, with black being the most common. Outside of Northern Europe, where the blond mutation originated, most humans have black or dark brown hair.
Brown hair (also referred to as chestnut, cinnamon and dark) varies from light brown to almost black hair. It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment phaeomelanin. Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair. People with brown hair are often referred to as brunettes, the feminine form, and brunets (silent t), the masculine term. Brown hair is commonly termed “dark” because of its darker characteristics than that of its blonde or red haired counterparts.
Etymology and Grammar
The term brunette is the feminine of French brunet, which is a diminutive of brun, brune, meaning brown, ultimately from Latin brunus (brown). Brunette literally means “little brown-haired girl", but in English usage it has largely lost the diminutive meaning, and simply refers to any dark-haired girl or woman. Although brunet is the reference to a boy or man with dark hair it can also be used to refer to either sex. A man or boy with dark hair is often referred to as being dark-haired rather than brunet.
Some people use the word brunet to simply refer to people having brown hair. Men or women with lighter shades of brown hair may actually be referred to as "light brunet(te)s". Some people suggest that light brown hair may really be blond, because blond is supposed to refer to having light hair, with the idea that light brown hair fits into that range. The usual term brunet(te) describes a person with medium to dark brown hair. Brunet can also be used to refer to black hair, although girls or women with black hair appear to be more often referred to as black or dark-haired rather than brunette. Brunet usually refers to having brown or dark-brown hair, especially dark-brown hair rather than black hair. The term brunet has also been used to describe dark or relatively dark hair/ or dark or brown hair.
Biochemistry
The pigment Eumelanin (literally meaning “good” melanin) gives brown hair its brilliant color. Brown hair has more eumelanin than blond hair but also has much less than black. There are two different types of eumelanin, which are distinguished from each other by their pattern of polymer bonds. The two types are black eumelanin and brown eumelanin. Black eumelanin is the darkest, brown eumelanin is lighter than black. Black eumelanin is in mostly non-Europeans and aged Europeans, while brown eumelanin is in mostly young Europeans. A small amount of black eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes grey hair. A small amount of brown eumelanin in the absence of other pigments causes yellow (blond) color hair. Brown-haired people have medium-thick strands of hair. Brown haired people can range highly in skin tone, ranging from palest of skin to that of an olive complexion. Brown haired people are thought to produce more skin-protecting eumelanin and are associated with having more even skin tone. People with brown hair can have all possible iris colors.
References
- Common knowledge
See also
