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Wind power in India

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The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, a combination of domestic policy support for wind power and the rise of Suzlon (a leading global wind turbine manufacturer) have led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.[1]

As of November 2008 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 9587.14 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (4132.72 MW), Maharashtra (1837.85 MW), Karnataka (1184.45 MW), Rajasthan (670.97 MW), Gujarat (1432.71 MW), Andhra Pradesh (122.45 MW), Madhya Pradesh (187.69 MW), Kerala (23.00 MW), West Bengal (1.10 MW), other states (3.20 MW) [2] It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012.[3] Wind power accounts for 6% of India's total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country's power.[4]

Overview

India has the world's fifth largest wind power industry, with an annual power production of 8,896 MW.[5] Shown here is a wind farm in Kayathar, Tamil Nadu.

The worldwide installed capacity of wind power reached 120,798 MW by the end of 2008. USA (25,170 MW), Germany (23,903 MW), Spain (16,754 MW) and China (12,210 MW) are ahead of India in fifth position.[6] The short gestation periods for installing wind turbines, and the increasing reliability and performance of wind energy machines has made wind power a favored choice for capacity addition in India.[7]

Suzlon, an Indian-owned company, emerged on the global scene in the past decade, and by 2006 had captured almost 8 percent of market share in global wind turbine sales. Suzlon is currently the leading manufacturer of wind turbines for the Indian market, holding some 52.4 percent of market share in India. Suzlon’s success has made India the developing country leader in advanced wind turbine technology.[8]

Tamil Nadu (4132.72 MW)

India is keen to decrease its reliance on fossil fuels to meet its energy demand. Shown here is a wind farm in Muppandal, Tamil Nadu.

Tamil Nadu is the state with most wind generating capacity: 4132.72 MW at the end of 2008.[9] Not far from Aralvaimozhi, the Muppandal wind farm which the largest in Asia is located near the once impoverished village of Muppandal, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.[10] [11] The village had been selected as the showcase for India's $2 billion clean energy program which provides foreign companies with tax breaks for establishing fields of wind turbines in the area. In february 2009, Shriram EPC bagged INR 700 million contract for setting up of 60 units of 250 KW (totaling 15 MW) wind turbines in Tirunelveli district by Cape Energy.[12]

Maharashtra (1837.85 MW)

Maharashtra is second only to Tamil Nadu in terms of generating capacity. Suzlon has been heavily involved.[7] Suzlon operates what was once Asia's largest wind farm, the Vankusawade Wind Park (201 MW), near the Koyna reservoir in Satara district of Maharashtra.[13]

Gujarat (1432.71 MW)

Samana in Rajkot district is set to host energy companies like China Light Power (CLP) and Tata Power have pledged to invest up to Rs.8.15 billion ($189.5 million) in different projects in the area. CLP, through its India subsidiary CLP India, is investing close to Rs.5 billion for installing 126 wind turbines in Samana that will generate 100.8 MW power. Tata Power has installed wind turbines in the same area for generating 50 MW power at a cost of Rs.3.15 billion. Both projects are expected to become operational by early next year, according to government sources. The Gujarat government, which is banking heavily on wind power, has identified Samana as an ideal location for installation of 450 turbines that can generate a total of 360 MW. To encourage investment in wind energy development in the state, the government has introduced a raft of incentives including a higher wind energy tariff. Samana has a high tension transmission grid and electricity generated by wind turbines can be fed into it. For this purpose, a substation at Sadodar has been installed. Both projects are being executed by Enercon Ltd, a joint venture between Enercon of Germany and Mumbai-based Mehra group.[14]

ONGC Ltd has commissioned its first wind power project. The 51 MW project is located at Motisindholi in Kutch district of Gujarat. ONGC had placed the EPC order on Suzlon Energy in January 2008, for setting up the wind farm comprising 34 turbines of 1.5-mw each. Work on the project had begun in February 2008, and it is learnt that the first three turbines had begun production within 43 days of starting construction work. Power from this Rs 308 crore captive wind farm will be wheeled to the Gujarat state grid for onward use by ONGC at its Ankleshwar, Ahmedabad, Mehsana and Vadodara centres. ONGC has targeted to develop a captive wind power capacity of around 200 MW in the next two years.[15]

Karnataka (1184.45 MW)

There are a lot of small wind farms in Karnataka. Karnataka is one of the states in India which has the most number of wind mill farms. Chitradurga, Gadag are some of the districts where there are a large number of Windmills. Chitradurga alone has over 200 wind turbines.

Madhya Pradesh (187.69 MW)

Present Rs.3.97p/kwh coming down to Rs 3.30 from the 5th year to 20th year

In consideration of unique concept, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh has sanctioned another 15 MW project to MPWL at Nagda Hills near Dewas. All the 25 WEGs have been commissioned on 31.03.2008 and under successful operation. (http://www.windpowerindia.com/generation.htm).

Kerala (23.00 MW)

The first wind farm of the state was set up at Kanjikode in Palakkad district. It has a generating capacity of 2.03 MW. A new wind farm project was launched with private participation at Ramakkalmedu in Idukki district. The project, which was inaugurated by chief minister V. S. Achuthanandan in April 2008, aims at generating 10.5 MW of electricity.

West Bengal (1.10 MW)

The total installation in West Bengal is just 1.10 MW as there was only 0.5 MW addition in 2006-2007 and none between 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 (till Nov 2008)

Rajasthan (600 MW)

Rajasthan is also a State where there are many Wind Mills installed at Jaisalmer, Jodhpur & phalodi. The total Installed capacity in Rajasthan is around 600 MW till year 2009-10, with further 500 MW to be added by year 2010-11.

The Industry leaders in Rajasthan are Suzlon & Enercon Ltd, a joint venture between Enercon of Germany and Mumbai-based Mehra group.[14]

The Rajasthan government dependence on Wind Energy is increasing with increased demand Supply gap in the State. The Wind farms are providing an average 30 Lac units daily to the state. At times of power Crisis Wind farms have contributed up to 84 Lacs units per day. To encourage investment in wind energy development in the state, the government has a stable wind policy in place & also a tariff of Rs 4.27/= per unit, which is the highest in the country.

Utilization

The Utilization of the wind power is becomming a area of discussions with Wind Industry calling for providing a Must Run status to wind power . This is in consideration of wind being a Clean & Green Energy.

Effect on rain

There are allegation that the windmills reduce monsoon rainfall.[16] Government is to probe the effect.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ "World Wind Energy Report 2008". Report. "World Wind Energy Report 2008"
  2. ^ http://www.windpowerindia.com/statstate.html
  3. ^ India to add 6,000 mw wind power by 2012; but below target
  4. ^ http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=3357
  5. ^ http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?tp=on&autono=44562
  6. ^ Global Wind 2008 Report
  7. ^ a b Suzlon partners with Maharashtra in record year for wind power
  8. ^ Lewis, Joanna I. (2007). A Comparison of Wind Power Industry Development Strategies in Spain, India and China
  9. ^ http://www.windpowerindia.com/statstate.html
  10. ^ "Tapping the Wind - India". 2005. Retrieved 2006-10-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Watts, Himangshu (2003). "Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village". Reuters News Service. Retrieved 2006-10-28. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  12. ^ http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News-By-Industry/Energy/Power/Shriram-EPC-bags-70-cr-contract/articleshow/4199499.cms
  13. ^ [1]
  14. ^ Gujarat's Samana set to become wind power hub
  15. ^ ONGC starts maiden wind farm project
  16. ^ [2]
  17. ^ [3]
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