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Air India Express Flight 812

Coordinates: 12°56′48″N 074°52′25″E / 12.94667°N 74.87361°E / 12.94667; 74.87361
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Air India Express Flight 812
An Air India Express Boeing 737, registration VT-AXU, similar to the aircraft that was involved in the accident
Accident
Date22 May 2010
SummaryUnder investigation
SiteBeyond runway 06/24 at Mangalore International Airport
12°56′48″N 074°52′25″E / 12.94667°N 74.87361°E / 12.94667; 74.87361
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 737-8HG
OperatorAir India Express
RegistrationVT-AXV
Flight originDubai International Airport, United Arab Emirates
DestinationMangalore International Airport, India
Passengers160[1][2]
Crew6[3]
Fatalities158[4]
Injuries8
Survivors8[5]

On 22 May 2010, around 06:30 local time, Air India Express Flight 812,[1][6] a Boeing 737-8HG,[7][8] registration VT-AXV, on a scheduled passenger flight from Dubai, UAE to Mangalore, India overran the runway while landing at Mangalore International Airport. It fell into a ravine at the end of the runway and caught fire.[6][9] There were 160 passengers and 6 crew members on board the aircraft. Of these, only eight passengers survived.[10][11][12][13]

With 158 fatalities, this accident is currently the third deadliest in India's aviation history; after the 1996 Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision which killed 349, and the 1978 crash of Air India Flight 855 which killed 213.[14] It marked the first major Indian aviation accident since the July 2000 crash of Alliance Air Flight 7412 in Patna.[9] At this time, this accident is the deadliest crash of a 737 aircraft (all series) and the eighth hull loss of a Boeing 737-800 aircraft.[15] It is the second instance of an aircraft overshooting the runway at Mangalore.[16] This is the deadliest aviation accident in 2010 so far and the second of the year involving a 737-800 aircraft.[17]

Aircraft and flight crew

The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-8HG, part of Boeing's 737 Next Generation series, with aircraft registration VT-AXV and manufacturer's serial number 36333, line number 2481. The aircraft first flew on 20 December 2007 with the Boeing test registration N1787B and was delivered on 18 January 2008.[18][19]

The flight crew consisted of Zlatko Glušica, the captain, and H.S. Ahluwalia, the first officer.[20] Glušica, a British and Serbian national with over 10,000 hours of flying and over 7,500 hours of command experience, and Ahluwalia (a former employee of Jet Airways who joined Air India in April 2009), are believed to have been killed.[21][14][22] Both the pilots were based in Mangalore.[23] The flight had six crew members.[1]

Flight chronology

The flight had a scheduled departure time of 01:35 local time from Dubai International Airport in Dubai. It crashed upon landing on the 8,033 foot (2,448 m) runway number 06/24 at Mangalore International Airport in Mangalore, India at around 06:30 local time (UTC+05:30).

Crash

After touching down on the 8,033 feet (2,448 m) runway number 06/24, the plane overran the runway and crashed down the hill at the end of the runway.[14] Prior to the landing, there was no indication of any distress.[14] Indians Civil Aviation Minister, Praful Patel, said that the aircraft was following an ILS (instrument landing system) approach for landing on the new runway, which was commissioned in 2006. The pilot reported to the ATC (air traffic control) that it was ‘established' on ILS approach at about 15 km from touchdown. Landing clearance was given at 7 km from the touchdown. The aircraft overshot the runway after touching down. The minister also stated that weather conditions were normal with a visibility of 6 km, and said the wind condition was calm and there was no rain at the time of the crash. A drizzle started only after the accident. [24] [25]

Initial reports suggested a tyre burst before the aircraft hit the instrument landing system's localizer antenna as it attempted a go-around. This ripped the underside of the fuselage open and eight people were thrown out of the aircraft. These eight were the only survivors.[26]

It was reported that a survivor of the crash described hearing what he thought was a tire bursting as the aircraft touched down. "Then the plane veered off toward some trees on the side and then the cabin filled with smoke. I got caught in some cables but managed to scramble out," he said.[9] Another surviving passenger claimed that the airplane hit a building before it broke into pieces and caught fire.[27]

Television footage showed debris to be on fire shortly after the crash. The plane could be seen lying on its belly as smoke arose from the wreckage.[28] [29]

Mangalore International Airport

An Air-India Express Boeing 737-800 at Mangalore International Airport

Mangalore International Airport is located near Bajpe in south-west India, about 20 km (12 mi) north-east of Mangalore city centre.

The airport, situated in a hilly area, is one of seven Indian airports designated as a "critical airfield" by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation. That means it is considered a difficult airport to take off from and land on and DGCA rules stipulate that "supervised take offs and landings" are prohibited i.e. only the captain (not the first officer) can pilot the aircraft during take-offs and landings.[30] [31] [32][33] The airport is one among the three airports in India that has a table top runway (others being Kozhikode and Lengpui)[34] which creates an optical illusion that requires a very precise approach.[35] The area had also been experiencing heavy rains for the last two days due to Cyclone Laila.[14]

Victims

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Apart from the six crew members, a total of 160 passengers were on on board.[18] there were 169 names on the original passenger list but nine did not board the flight.[18] 152 bodies have been recovered from the wreckage.[36] The majority of victims are believed to be from the districts of Kasaragod and Kannur in Kerala.[37] Karnataka Home Minister V. S. Acharya said eight people were initially reported to have survived, although one person died of his injuries.[8] The airport manager at Mangalore, Peter Abrahim confirmed that there were difficulties when trying to reach the plane [6].

Nationality Fatalities Survivors[11][38] Total
Passengers[39] Crew
 Bangladesh 0 0 1[40] 1
 India 152 5 6 164
 Serbia/ United Kingdom 0 1 0 1
Total 152 6 7 166

Rescue

Local villagers were among the first on the scene to help.[41] An estimated 15 firetrucks, 20 ambulances and 100 rescue workers were immediately pushed into the rescue operations.[6][42] The Karnataka Western Range Inspector General of Police, Gopal Hosur, said that "eight to ten people have been shifted to hospitals. Although if they will survive is unsure. They are being treated. This is a highly unfortunate event. The Karnataka Police force, bomb squad, fire force, Karnataka State Reserve Police and all the hospitals are working unitedly to help out in this situation. We are doing the best we can." The Central Industrial Security Force sent 150 personnel to Mangalore to help in the relief and rescue operations.[43] By 23 May 2010 all of the deceased had been recovered from the crash site, and relatives had received 87 of the bodies.[44]

Investigation

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Initial investigations reveal that the plane landed about 600 metres (2,000 ft) further on from the usual touch down point on the runway.[23] The total length of the new runway 24 at Mangalore airport is 2,450 metres (8,040 ft).[26] Airline officials have put together a team along with the Airports Authority of India that have been rushed to the scene to investigate the incident and assist with the rescue efforts.[1] Boeing has also announced that a team will be sent to provide technical assistance to Indian authorities at the request of the latter.[45]

The Directorate General of Civil Aviation ordered an inquiry into the crash, which began the day of the crash.[46] The NTSB is also assisting the investigation with a team of specialists including a senior air safety investigator, a flight operations specialist, an aircraft systems specialist and technical advisers for Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration.[25]

According to audio transcripts obtained from the ATC, Serbian pilot Zlatko Glusica, aged 55, was given clearance to land, however, he suddenly aborted the attempted landing. The throttle of the aircraft was reported to have been found in the forward position, which suggests that the pilot had attempted to abort the landing and proceeded to take off again from the runway, which is surrounded by steep slopes.[47]

The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was recovered on 23 May, [48] as of 24 May, the search for the flight data recorder (FDR) is still under way.[49] The recorders will be analysed in New Delhi by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation with help from Boeing.[50]

Response

A special emergency information service was established quickly.[14] Mr. Praful Patel, Indian Civil Aviation minister, has left from New Delhi to be at the scene.[14] The one-year-in-office celebrations of his government's second tenure were also postponed.[6] The Karnataka Chief Minister Yeddyurappa and Kerala Chief Minister V.S. Achuthanandan immediately left for the place of accident to take stock of the situation.The chairperson of governing alliance UPA, Sonia Gandhi issued a message of grief and wished a "speedy recovery" to all.[51] The Indian Minister for Civil Aviation, Praful Patel, took moral responsibility for the accident and offered to resign his post. However, the Indian Prime Minister rejected his resignation.[52]

The accident was reported not to have cost the insurers a lot.[53]

Compensation

The Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh announced Rs. 200,000 (approximately US$4,260 or €3,390) for the families of the dead and Rs. 50,000 (approx. US$1,070 or €850) for the injured. These funds are to be allocated from the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund.[54]. The Karnataka Chief Minister Yeddyurappa has also announced a compensation of Rs. 200,000 (approximately US$4,260 or €3,390) to the families of the dead.[55]. In addition to this the Civil Aviation Ministry has advised that the Airline will provide up to Rs, 7,200,000 (approx US$160,000) to the family members of each victim as per the provisions of the Indian Carriage by Air (Amendment) Act which follows the Montreal Convention.[54][56] For now, the Airline has announced an interim compensation of Rs. 1,200,000 for passengers above 12 years of age, Rs. 500,000 for passengers below 12 years of age and Rs. 200,000 for every injured passenger. This compensation is over and above the ex-gratia payment announced by the Prime Minister.[57] Air India said it would offer the survivors jobs.[58]

Reactions

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Many countries and organizations have expressed sorrow and condolences to the people of India over the crash.

  • Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan said that he was deeply saddened by the loss of 150 passengers who died after their plane caught fire in India, and expressed deep condolences to the mourning families of the victims, to the Indian people and the Government.[59]
  • Bahrain Bahrain King His Majesty Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifah Sent a cable of condolences to Indian President Pratibha Patil over the crash. Also Prime Minister Prince Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifahand His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Crown Prince and Deputy Supreme Commander, sent similar cables. HRH the similar cable to his Indian counterpart Dr Manmohan Singh[60].
  • China P. R. China's Premier Wen Jiabao, in a letter of condolence, said “The Chinese government expresses deep condolences for those who lost their lives and express our sympathies to the families of the victims and those injured.” [61]
  • Germany German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle sent a telegram to his counterpart in India S. M. Krishna saying "Allow me to express my deeply felt sympathy to you and the victims’ families and dependents, as well as the hope that the survivors recover soon,”[62]
  • Pakistan Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani told his Indian counterpart that "I was deeply shocked to learn of the tragic crash of an Air India Express aircraft this morning in Karnataka, resulting in the loss of many precious lives. On behalf of the government and people of Pakistan and on my own behalf, I would like to convey our deepest condolences and sympathies to the bereaved families."[63]
  • European Union The President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, also offered his condolences.[64]
  • Russia Russian President Dmitri Medvedev sent a mesage to the Indian President and Prime Minister saying that "I was shaken by the news of the tragedy. Together with the Indian people we mourn the many victims. I ask you to pass on my condolences to the families and friends of those who perished and my wishes for a speedy recovery to those people injured."[65]
  • Saudi Arabia King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia sent a cable of condolences on to Indian President Pratibha Patil expressing his deep sorrow over the death of 158 people in the Air India Express plane crash.[66]
  • Serbia The President of the Republic of Serbia Boris Tadić sent a condolence-telegram in the name of the Serbian people to the President of India Pratibha Patil. The President of the Parliament of the Republic of Serbia Slavica Đukić-Dejanović sent a condolence-telegram to the Speaker of Lok Sabha Meira Kumar."[67]
  • Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapakse sent a message of condolence to Manmohan Singh saying "On behalf of the Government and people of Sri Lanka, I offer sincere condolences to the families who lost loved ones in this accident. Our thoughts and prayers are with those injured and all the people of India on this difficult day,".[68]
  • United Kingdom UK Foreign Secretary William Hague sent a message of condolence on the behalf of the UK, saying that his thoughts were with the victims and their families.[69]
  • United States US Ambassador Timothy J. Roemer said the tragedy was difficult to bear knowing that so many children perished, and said his country was ready to provide assistance, if required.[70]

See also

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References

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  55. ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Karnataka-govt-announces-compensation/articleshow/5963065.cms. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  57. ^ Air India Announces Interim Compensation for Mangalore Air Tragedy Victims - Press Information Bureau, Government of India, press release
  58. ^ http://beta.thehindu.com/news/states/karnataka/article437000.ece?homepage=true
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  60. ^ "BAHRAIN HIT BY TRAGEDY".
  61. ^ "Leaders send condolences".
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  64. ^ "Jerzy Buzek sends condolences following plane crash in India". EU Monitor. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
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  66. ^ "King Sultan Mourns Mangalore crash dead".
  67. ^ "Саучешћа Тадића и Славице Ђукић-Дејановић". Radio Television of Serbia. 22 May 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2010. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  68. ^ "Indian plane crash, president condoles".
  69. ^ "World leaders pay tribute to crash victims".
  70. ^ "World leaders pay tribute to crash victims".
External image
image icon Photos of VT-AXV at Airliners.net

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