Transistor count
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The transistor count of a device is the number of transistors in the device. Transistor count is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity. According to Moore's Law, the transistor count of the integrated circuits doubles every two years. On most modern microprocessors, the majority of transistors are contained in caches.
Transistor count
Microprocessors
Processor | Transistor count | Date of introduction | Manufacturer | Process | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intel 4004 | 2,300 | 1971 | Intel | 10 µm | 12 mm² |
Intel 8008 | 3,500 | 1972 | Intel | 10 µm | 14 mm² |
MOS Technology 6502 | 3,510 | 1975 | MOS Technology | 21 mm² | |
Motorola 6800 | 4,100 | 1974 | Motorola | 16 mm² | |
Intel 8080 | 4,500 | 1974 | Intel | 6 μm | 20 mm² |
RCA 1802 | 5,000 | 1974 | RCA | 5 μm | 27 mm² |
Intel 8085 | 6,500 | 1976 | Intel | 3 μm | 20 mm² |
Zilog Z80 | 8,500 | 1976 | Zilog | 4 μm | 18 mm² |
Motorola 6809 | 9,000 | 1978 | Motorola | 5 μm | 21 mm² |
Intel 8086 | 29,000 | 1978 | Intel | 3 μm | 33 mm² |
Intel 8088 | 29,000 | 1979 | Intel | 3 μm | 33 mm² |
Intel 80186 | 55,000 | 1982 | Intel | ||
Motorola 68000 | 68,000 | 1979 | Motorola | 4 μm | 44 mm² |
Intel 80286 | 134,000 | 1982 | Intel | 1.5 µm | 49 mm² |
Intel 80386 | 275,000 | 1985 | Intel | 1.5 µm | 104 mm² |
Intel 80486 | 1,180,000 | 1989 | Intel | 1 µm | 160 mm² |
Pentium | 3,100,000 | 1993 | Intel | 0.8 µm | 294 mm² |
AMD K5 | 4,300,000 | 1996 | AMD | 0.5 µm | |
Pentium II | 7,500,000 | 1997 | Intel | 0.35 µm | 195 mm² |
AMD K6 | 8,800,000 | 1997 | AMD | 0.35 µm | |
Pentium III | 9,500,000 | 1999 | Intel | 0.25 µm | |
AMD K6-III | 21,300,000 | 1999 | AMD | 0.25 µm | |
AMD K7 | 22,000,000 | 1999 | AMD | 0.25 µm | |
Pentium 4 | 42,000,000 | 2000 | Intel | 180 nm | |
Atom | 47,000,000 | 2008 | Intel | 45 nm | |
Barton | 54,300,000 | 2003 | AMD | 130 nm | |
AMD K8 | 105,900,000 | 2003 | AMD | 130 nm | |
Itanium 2 | 220,000,000 | 2003 | Intel | 130 nm | |
Cell | 241,000,000 | 2006 | Sony/IBM/Toshiba | 90 nm | |
Core 2 Duo | 291,000,000 | 2006 | Intel | 65 nm | |
AMD K10 | 463,000,000[1] | 2007 | AMD | 65 nm | |
AMD K10 | 758,000,000[1] | 2008 | AMD | 45 nm | |
Itanium 2 with 9MB cache | 592,000,000 | 2004 | Intel | 130 nm | |
Core i7 (Quad) | 731,000,000 | 2008 | Intel | 45 nm | 263 mm² |
Six-Core Xeon 7400 | 1,900,000,000 | 2008 | Intel | 45 nm | |
POWER6 | 789,000,000 | 2007 | IBM | 65 nm | 341 mm² |
Six-Core Opteron 2400 | 904,000,000 | 2009 | AMD | 45 nm | 346 mm² |
16-Core SPARC T3 | 1,000,000,000[2] | 2010 | Sun/Oracle | 40 nm | 377 mm² |
Six-Core Core i7 | 1,170,000,000 | 2010 | Intel | 32 nm | 240 mm² |
8-core POWER7 | 1,200,000,000 | 2010 | IBM | 45 nm | 567 mm² |
Quad-core z196[3] | 1,400,000,000 | 2010 | IBM | 45 nm | 512 mm² |
Dual-Core Itanium 2 | 1,700,000,000[4] | 2006 | Intel | 90 nm | 596 mm² |
Quad-Core Itanium Tukwila | 2,000,000,000[5] | 2010 | Intel | 65 nm | 699 mm² |
8-Core Xeon Nehalem-EX | 2,300,000,000[6] | 2010 | Intel | 45 nm | 684 mm² |
10-Core Xeon Westmere-EX | 2,600,000,000 | 2011 | Intel | 32 nm | 512 mm² |
GPUs
Processor | Transistor count | Date of introduction | Manufacturer | Process | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
G80 | 681,000,000 | 2006 | NVIDIA | 90 nm | 480 mm² |
RV770 | 956,000,000[7] | 2008 | AMD | 55 nm | 260 mm² |
GT200 | 1,400,000,000[8] | 2008 | NVIDIA | 55 nm | 576 mm² |
RV870 | 2,154,000,000[9] | 2009 | AMD | 40 nm | 334 mm² |
Cayman | 2,640,000,000 | 2010 | AMD | 40 nm | 389 mm² |
GF100 | 3,000,000,000[10] | 2010 | NVIDIA | 40 nm | 529 mm² |
FPGA
FPGA | Transistor count | Date of introduction | Manufacturer | Process | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Virtex | ~70,000,000 | 1997 | Xilinx | ||
Virtex-E | ~200,000,000 | 1998 | Xilinx | ||
Virtex-II | ~350,000,000 | 2000 | Xilinx | 130 nm | |
Virtex-II PRO | ~430,000,000 | 2002 | Xilinx | ||
Virtex-4 | 1,000,000,000 | 2004 | Xilinx | 90 nm | |
Virtex-5 | 1,100,000,000[11] | 2006 | Xilinx | 65 nm | |
Stratix IV | 2,500,000,000[12] | 2008 | Altera | 40 nm | |
Stratix V | 3,800,000,000[13] | 2011 | Altera | 28 nm | n/a mm² |
Logic Functions
Transistor count for generic logic functions is based on CMOS implementation.[citation needed]
Function | Transistor count |
---|---|
NOT | 2 |
BUF | 4 |
NAND 2-input | 4 |
NOR 2-input | 4 |
AND 2-input | 6 |
OR 2-input | 6 |
NAND 3-input | 6 |
NOR 3-input | 6 |
XOR 2-input | 6 |
XNOR 2-input | 8 |
MUX 2-input with TG | 6 |
MUX 4-input with TG | 18 |
NOT MUX 2-input | 8 |
MUX 4-input | 24 |
Adder full | 28 |
Latch, D gated | 8 |
Flip-flop, edge triggered dynamic D with reset | 12 |
Parallel systems
Historically, each processing element in earlier parallel systems—like all CPUs of that time—was a serial computer built out of multiple chips. As transistor counts per chip increases, each processing element could be built out of fewer chips, and then later each multi-core processor chip could contain more processing elements.[14]
Goodyear MPP: (1983?) 8 pixel processors per chip, 3,000 to 8,000 transistors per chip.[14]
Brunel University Scape (single-chip array-processing element): (1983) 256 pixel processors per chip, 120,000 to 140,000 transistors per chip.[14]
Cell Broadband Engine: (2006) 9 cores per chip, 234 million transistors per chip.[15]
References
- ^ a b [1]
- ^ Sun's 1 billion-transistor, 16-core Niagara 3 processor
- ^ IBM to Ship World's Fastest Microprocessor
- ^ PRESS KIT - Dual-Core Intel Itanium Processor
- ^ "Itanium Tukwila." AFP. February 5, 2008. Retrieved on February 5, 2008.
- ^ "Intel Previews Intel Xeon 'Nehalem-EX' Processor." May 26, 2009. Retrieved on May 28, 2009.
- ^ The Radeon HD 4850 & 4870: AMD Wins at $199 and $299
- ^ NVIDIA's 1.4 Billion Transistor GPU: GT200 Arrives as the GeForce GTX 280 & 260
- ^ Radeon 5870 specifications
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Taiwan Company UMC Delivers 65nm FPGAs to Xilinx." SDA-ASIA Thursday, 9 November 2006.
- ^ "Altera's new 40nm FPGAs - 2.5 billion transistors!"
- ^ [3]" Altera unveils 28-nm Stratix V FPGA family. April 20, 2010. Retrieved on April 20, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Image processor handles 256 pixels simultaneously" by Kevin Smith "Electronics" magazine 1983 Aug 11
- ^ "Cell chip: Hit or hype?" by Michael Kanellos 2005
See also
External links
- Transistor counts of Intel processors
- Transistor counts of AMD processors
- Evolution of FPGA Architecture