User:Rmehta88/Physiological Factors of Maximal Sprint Speed
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Physiological Factors Limiting Terrestrial Animal Running Speed provides an overview of how various biological factors determine the top sprint speed on land. Some terrestrial animals are built for achieving extremely fast speeds such as the cheetah and some are specifically bred for this purpose, such as race horses and greyhounds.
Importance
Reasons why maximal running speed is important include:
- Running after prey
- Running from predators
- Competitive racing
- This is an obvious importance when considering human sprint races as well as animal races
Physiological Factors
There is no single determinant of maximal sprint speed, however, certain physiological factors stand out against others. The physiological factors can be divided into two categories: muscle properties and biomechanics.
Biomechanical
Muscle moment arm [1]
Running gait [2]
Ankle-foot structure [3]
Foot contact time [4]
Muscle Properties
Muscle fiber type [6]
Neuromuscular [6]
Other Factors
Other environmental factors also play a role:
- Technology
- Environment
- Training
Endurance Adaptation
- Marathon runners
- Horses
- Digging mole
See also
References
- ^ Hudson, P. E., S. A. Corr, et al. (2011). "Functional anatomy of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) hindlimb." Journal of Anatomy 218(4): 363-374.
- ^ Bertram, J. E. A. and A. Gutmann (2009). "Motions of the running horse and cheetah revisited: fundamental mechanics of the transverse and rotary gallop." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6(35): 549-559.
- ^ Baxter, J. R., T. A. Novack, et al. (2012). "Ankle joint mechanics and foot proportions differ between human sprinters and non-sprinters." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279(1735): 2018-2024.
- ^ Weyand, P. G., R. F. Sandell, et al. (2010). "The biological limits to running speed are imposed from the ground up." Journal of Applied Physiology 108(4): 950-961.
- ^ Kumagai, K., T. Abe, et al. (2000). "Sprint performance is related to muscle fascicle length in male 100-m sprinters." Journal of Applied Physiology 88(3): 811-816.
- ^ a b Majumdar, A. and R. Robergs (2011). "The Science of Speed: Determinants of Performance in the 100 m Sprint." International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching 6(3): 479-494.