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Ghulam Ahmed Perwez

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Ghulam Ahmad Parwez
غلام احمد پرویز
Born
Ghulam Ahmad Parwez

9 January 1903
Batala, Punjab, British India
Died24 February 1985(1985-02-24) (aged 82)[1]
Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
NationalityPakistani
Occupation(s)Senior Civil Servant, Department of Interior Ministry, Government of India and later, Department of Home and Interior Affairs, Karachi, Pakistan
Known forIslam: A Challenge to Religion, Exposition of the Holy Quran

Ghulam Ahmad Parwez (Urdu: غلام احمد پرویز; 1903–1985) was a prominent scholar from Pakistan. Before the creation of Pakistan, Parwez was recruited by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who was introduced to Parwez by Iqbal, in order to help popularize the need for a separate homeland for the Muslims in the sub-continent.[2] Parwez's primary thesis was that the organizational model of the state is the basic engine which drives the implementation of the Quran, and like Muhammad in Medina, those who wish to practice Islam, as it is defined in the Quran, are required to live in a state which submits to the laws of God, and not the laws of man.[3][4] Many conservative Islamic scholars criticized Parwez throughout his active years, yet Parwez was well regarded among the educated demographic. Nadeem F. Paracha, has called Parwez's "Islam: A Challenge to Religion" one of the most influential books in the history of Pakistan.[5]

Early life & Career

Parwez was born in Batala, Punjab, in British India on 9 July 1903. In 1934, he received a Master degree from the Punjab University.[6][7] Parwez joined the Pakistan government until 1956, and worked as a senior civil servant in the Department of the Interior Ministry, but left for his scholarly work.

Major Ideas

Religion vs. "Deen"

Parwez contrasted religion with "deen" and argued that the former focuses on rules and rituals, while the latter focuses on actions and permanent values.[8] He argued that unlike religion, which induces contentment and a "passive resignation and complete resignation to authority; however oppressive and unjust it may be", "deen" urges efforts towards improving society and the human condition, by encouraging humanity to conquer the forces of nature[9] while eradicating social injustice. He stated that: "Deen is not an opiate, as the Marxists contend, but a stimulant and spur to action".

Faith vs. "Iman" and Reason

While Parwez admitted the limitations of human rational faculties, which can not grasp the source and nature of the Divine, he stressed that the content of revelation can be understood rationally.[10] He argued that unlike traditional dogmas which justify their authority using blind faith, "iman" as outlined in the Quran, forbids blind faith and requires intellectual certainty, expecting the reader to think critically and use their powers of understanding.[11][12][13] Parwez also rejected the "miraculous" interpretations of the Quran, arguing that the Quran uses metaphors and allegories in certain verses which should not be taken literally.[14]

Differing Opinions

Parwez is labelled as a "Quranist" by some;[15] however Parwez rejected "Quranism", considering it a further division of Muslims along sectarian lines, arguing against Quranists like the AhleQuran.[16][17][18] Parwez's ideas by have also been considered "socialist" and he has been called one of the most "ardent and articulate supporters and theoreticians of the fusion of Islam and Socialism".[19] However, Parwez argued that his conclusions derived from the Quran were in stark contrast to both the right (capitalistic) and left (marxist) political philosophies.[20] Other claims about Parwez include his allegedly advocating that Muslim prayers should be in Urdu rather than Arabic, that he rejected all hadith, and that he advocated praying 3 times a day instead of 5.[6] Parwez however denied such claims on many occassions in his interviews, lectures and publications.[21][22][23][24]

Major publications

  • Matalibul Furqaan (7 vol) [25]
  • Lughat-ul-Quran (4 vols.)[26]
  • Mafhoom-ul-Quran (3 vols)[27]
  • Tabweeb-ul-Quran (3 vols.) [28]
  • Nizam-e-Rabubiyyat[29]
  • Islam A Challenge to Religion (English version)[30]
  • Insaan Ne Kiya Socha (WHAT MAN THOUGHT, A of History of human thought)[31]
  • Islam kia he (second part of Insan ne kia socha)
  • Tasawwaf Ki Haqiqat(The reality of Islamic Mysticism[32]
  • Saleem Ke Naam (3 vols.) [33]
  • Tahira Ke Naam [34]
  • Qurani Faislay (5 vols.) [35]
  • Meraj-e-Insaaniat (about Muhammad S.A.S) [36]
  • Barke toor (about Mosa) [37]
  • Joe noor (about Ibrahim) [38]
  • Shola e mastoor (about Esa) [39]
  • man(o) yazdan (Me and God, about ALLAH in light of Holy Quran) [40]
  • Shahkar-e-Risalat (A biography Caliph Omar) [41]
  • Iblis o Adam (Satan and Man) [42]
  • Jahane farda [43]
  • Mazahebe Alam ke Asmani kitaben [44]
  • Asbab e zwal e ummat [45]

See also

References

  1. ^ The Man Behind The Tolu-e-Islam Movement
  2. ^ Paracha (JUL 23, 2015). "The volatile fusion: Origins, rise & demise of the 'Islamic Left'". DAWN News. Retrieved 28 August 2015. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ G.A. Parwez. "Political System Part II: Quranic System". Islam: A Challenge to Religion. pp. 230–247.
  4. ^ G. A. Parwez. The Quranic System of Sustenance. p. 57.
  5. ^ "Shaping histories: The most influential books in Pakistan". DAWN News. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  6. ^ a b "The rise and fall of a spiritual rebel". Daily Dawn.com. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  7. ^ "Introduction - Biography of G.A.P, taken from "The Life in the Hereafter (Translation of Jahan e Farda by Ejaz Rasool)"" (PDF). Tolue-Islam-Trust.
  8. ^ Parwez. Islam: A Challenge to Religion (PDF). p. 67.
  9. ^ Parwez. Islam: A Challenge to Religion (PDF). p. 50.
  10. ^ Parwez. Islam: A Challenge to Religion (PDF). p. 109.
  11. ^ Parwez. Islam: A Challenge to Religion (PDF). p. 68.
  12. ^ Parwez. Islam: A Challenge to Religion (PDF). p. 113.
  13. ^ "Quran, verse 17:36". Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  14. ^ Parwez. Islam: A Challenge to Religion (PDF). p. 121.
  15. ^ Paracha, Nadeem. "The volatile fusion: Origins, rise & demise of the 'Islamic Left'". Dawn.com. Dawn News. Retrieved 27 August 2015. Parvez was a prominent 'Quranist', or an Islamic scholar who insisted that for the Muslims to make progress in the modern world, Islamic thought and laws should be entirely based on modern interpretations of the Qu'ran.
  16. ^ Monthly TouleIslam: 34. June 1975 http://islamicdawn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/1975jun.pdf. Retrieved 28 August 2015. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ^ Parwez, G. A. "Firqa Ahle Quran Ki Phelaai Hui Gumrahiaan". Parwez.tv. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  18. ^ "Urdu Pamphlets - Idara Tolu-e-Islam". http://islamicdawn.com/. Retrieved 28 August 2015. {{cite web}}: External link in |website= (help)
  19. ^ "The volatile fusion: Origins, rise & demise of the 'Islamic Left'". Dawn News. 23 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  20. ^ G. A. Parwez. The Quranic System of Sustenance. pp. 12, 30, 72, 127, 170.
  21. ^ "PTV Interview with G.A. Parwez". Youtube. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  22. ^ "Namaaz in Urdu Language – G A Parwez – Translated by Prof. Dr. Manzoorul Haque".
  23. ^ "Monthly Tolue Islam" (PDF). June 1957: 25. Retrieved 28 August 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ "Qurani Faislay". Islamicdawn.com. pp. 39, 48. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  25. ^ "Mutalib-ul-Furqaan: Volume I". Tolue Islam Trust - www.islamicdawn.com. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  26. ^ "Lugat'ul Quran" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  27. ^ "Mafhoom'ul Quran" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  28. ^ "Tabweeb'ul Quran" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  29. ^ "Nizam-e-Rabobi'at" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  30. ^ "ISLAM: A Challenge To Religion". Tolue Islam Trust - islamicdawn.com. Retrieved 2015-05-26.
  31. ^ "Insaan Nay Kya Socha". Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  32. ^ "Tasawaaf ki Haqeeqat: Sufism and Islam" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  33. ^ "Saleem Kay Naam Khatoot: Part 1" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  34. ^ "Tahira Kay Naam Khatoot" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  35. ^ "Qurani Faislay: Part 1" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  36. ^ "Miraj-e-Insaniyaat: Life of Muhammad". Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  37. ^ "Parwez on Moses, Torah, Suliman, Solomon, David, Daoud, Yunus, Jonah, Ayub, Psalms and other Prophets" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  38. ^ "Parwez on Noah, Ad, Luqman, Salih, Ibraheem, Abraham, Ismael, Lut, Yusuf, Joseoph, and Shoaib" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  39. ^ "Shola-e-Mastoor: Life of Zakriya, Yahya, Isa (Jesus), People of Kahf" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  40. ^ "Mon-o-Yazdaun: Concept of God in Quran" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  41. ^ "Shahkar-e-Risalat" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  42. ^ "Iblis wa Adam: Parwez on Adam, Insaan, Malika, Iblis, Satan" (PDF). Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  43. ^ "Parwez on Heaven, Hell, Life after death, Judgement Day, Punishment". Tolueislam.com. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
  44. ^ http://islamicdawn.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/71/book.html
  45. ^ http://islamicdawn.com/wp-content/uploads/flipbook/40/book.html

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