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2016 in spaceflight

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2016 in spaceflight
The Juno mission is expected to enter orbit around Jupiter in July 2016.
Orbital launches
First15 January
Total12
Successes12
Rockets
RetirementsFalcon 9 v1.1

In 2016, the maiden spaceflights of the private American Falcon Heavy and the Chinese Long March 5[1] and Long March 7 launch vehicles are planned. The inaugural flight from the new Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia is currently planned to occur in 2016.[2] The first orbital flight of the Dragon V2 is planned for December 2016. It saw the launch of the second successful North Korean satellite, Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4.

Events in planetary exploration expected to occur in 2016 include the rendezvous of NASA’s Juno with the planet Jupiter in July, and the launch of NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission to the asteroid 101955 Bennu in September, as well as the launch of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and Schiaparelli EDM lander, both part of the ExoMars collaboration between the European and Russian space agencies, in March.

Launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

15 January
03:00:00
Japan S-310 Japan Uchinoura Japan JAXA
Japan TPU/TU/TU/KU/JAXA Suborbital Ionospheric 15 January Successful
Apogee: 161 kilometres (100 mi)[3]
15 January
16:57:04
China Long March 3B/E China Xichang LA-3 China CASC
Belarus Belintersat 1 Belarus Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
17 January
18:42:18
United States Falcon 9 v1.1 United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Jason-3 NOAA/EUMETSAT Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
Final flight of the standard Falcon 9 v1.1, future flights will use the upgraded Falcon 9 v1.1 Full Thrust. Falcon 9's first stage performed a soft landing on an Autonomous Spaceport Drone Ship in the Pacific Ocean, but the failure of one landing leg to lock into position caused it to fall over and break apart.[4]
20 January
04:01:00
India PSLV-XL India Satish Dhawan SLP India ISRO
India IRNSS-1E ISRO Geosynchronous Navigation In orbit Operational
22 January United States New Shepard United States Corn Ranch United States Blue Origin
United States New Shepard United States Blue Origin Suborbital Test flight 22 January Successful
Apogee: 101.7 kilometres (63.2 mi)[5]
23 January
08:30
Brazil VSB-30 Sweden Esrange Europe EuroLaunch
GermanyEurope TEXUS-53 DLR/ESA Suborbital Microgravity 23 January Successful
Apogee: 252 kilometres (157 mi)
27 January
23:20:48
European Union Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
United States Intelsat 29e Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
28 January United States SRALT? United States C-17, Pacific Ocean United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM target 28 January Successful
Apogee: 300 kilometres (190 mi), CTV-02+ target
28 January United States Ground Based Interceptor United States Vandenberg LF-23 United States MDA
MDA Suborbital ABM test 28 January Successful
CTV-02+, successful test flight, the CE-II kill vehicle performed scripted maneuvers to demonstrate performance of alternate divert thrusters. Upon entering terminal phase, the kill vehicle initiated a planned burn sequence to evaluate the alternate divert thrusters until fuel was exhausted, intentionally precluding an intercept.
29 January
22:20:09
Russia Proton-M/Briz-M Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia Khrunichev
France Eutelsat 9B Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications In orbit Operational
Carries the first laser communication node for the European Data Relay System

February

1 February
07:29:04
China Long March 3C/YZ-1 China Xichang LA-2 China CASC
China BDS M3-S CNSA Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
5 February
13:38:00
United States Atlas V 401 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-266 (GPS IIF-12) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
7 February
00:21
Russia Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat Russia Plesetsk Site 43/4 Russia RVSN RF
Russia Kosmos 2514 (GLONASS-M) VKO Medium Earth Navigation In orbit Operational
7 February
00:30
North Korea Unha North Korea Sohae North Korea KCST
North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4[6] KCST Low Earth Earth observation In orbit Operational
10 February
11:40:32
United States Delta IV M+(5,2) United States Vandenberg SLC-6 United States United Launch Alliance
United States USA-267 (Topaz NROL-45) NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance In orbit Operational
Spacecraft launched in a retrograde orbit
16 February
17:57:40
Russia Rokot/Briz-KM Russia Plesetsk Site 133/3 European Union Russia Eurockot
European Union Sentinel-3A ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation In orbit Operational
17 February
08:45:00
Japan H-IIA 202 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan MHI
Japan United States Hitomi (ASTRO-H) JAXA/NASA Low Earth X-ray astronomy In orbit Operational
Japan ChubuSat-2 Nagoya University Low Earth Radiation / Amateur radio In orbit Operational
Japan ChubuSat-3 MHI Low Earth Remote sensing / space debris monitor In orbit Operational
Japan Horyu-4 Kyushu Institute of Technology Low Earth Technology In orbit Operational

March

NET 4 March
23:35
United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Luxembourg SES-9 SES S.A. Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
9 March
05:20 - 08:20
European Union Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
France Eutelsat 65 West A Eutelsat Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
10 March India PSLV-XL India Satish Dhawan India ISRO
India IRNSS-1F ISRO Planned: Geosynchronous Navigation  
12 March
13:56
Russia Soyuz-2.1b Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roskosmos
Russia Resurs-P No.3 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
14 March
09:31
Russia Proton-M/Briz-M Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 200/39 Russia Khrunichev
European UnionRussia ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter ESA Planned: Areocentric orbit Mars Orbiter  
European Union EDM Schiaparelli lander ESA Planned: Areocentric orbit Mars Lander  
18 March
21:26
Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
Russia Soyuz TMA-20M Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 47/48  
Manned flight with three cosmonauts. Final planned flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant
23 March
03:02 - 03:32
United States Atlas V 401 United States Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States Cygnus CRS OA-6 Orbital ATK/NASA Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS resupply  
31 March
16:20
Russia Soyuz-2.1a Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 31/6 Russia Roskosmos
Russia Progress MS-02 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
31 March India PSLV-XL India Satish Dhawan India ISRO
India IRNSS-1G ISRO Planned: Geosynchronous Navigation  
1st Quarter (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Japan JCSAT-14 JSAT Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  

April

1 April (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX CRS-8 SpaceX Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
United States BEAM Bigelow Aerospace Planned: Low Earth (ISS) Technology Demonstration/ISS Assembly  
22 April
21:02
Russia Soyuz-STA/Fregat France Kourou ELS France Arianespace
European Union Sentinel-1B ESA Planned: Low Earth Earth observation  
23 April Russia Proton-M/Briz-M Kazakhstan Baikonur Russia Khrunichev
United States Intelsat 31/DLA-2 Intelsat/DirecTV Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
April (TBD) Ukraine Dnepr-1 Russia Dombarovsky Site 13 Russia Ukraine ISC Kosmotras
United States Iridium NEXT-1 Iridium Planned: Low Earth Communications  
United States Iridium NEXT-2 Iridium Planned: Low Earth Communications  
25 April Russia Soyuz-2.1a/Volga Russia Vostochny Site 1S Russia Roskosmos
Russia Mikhailo Lomonosov MSU Planned: Low Earth Gamma-ray astronomy  
Russia Aist-2D SSAU Planned: Low Earth Technology  
Russia SamSat 218 SSAU Planned: Low Earth Technology  
First orbital flight from Vostochny Cosmodrome
April (TBD) India PSLV India Satish Dhawan Space Centre India ISRO
India CartoSat-2C ISRO Planned: Low Earth Earth observation  
Canada GHGsat GHGsat Inc. Planned: Low Earth Earth observation  
Italy Max Valier sat TFO Meran, TFO Max Valier Bozen Planned: Low Earth X-ray astronomy  
April (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
France Eutelsat 117 West B Eutelsat Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
Bermuda ABS-2A ABS Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
1st Half (TBD) China Long March 2F/G LA-4/SLS-1 China Jiuquan China CNSA
China Tiangong-2 CNSA Planned: Low Earth Space station  
Second Chinese space station

May

5 May
15:46 - 19:46
United States Atlas V 551 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States MUOS 5 US Navy Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
12 May United States Delta IV-H United States Cape Canaveral SLC-37B United States United Launch Alliance
United States NROL-37 NRO Planned: Geosynchronous Reconnaissance  
24 May
8:48
Russia Soyuz-STB/Fregat France Kourou ELS France Arianespace
European Union Galileo-FOC 13 ESA Medium Earth Navigation  
European Union Galileo-FOC 14 ESA Medium Earth Navigation  
31 May United States Antares 230 United States MARS Pad 0A United States Orbital ATK
United States Cygnus CRS OA-5 Orbital ATK/NASA Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS resupply  
May (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
Israel Amos-6 Spacecom Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
May (TBD) India PSLV India Satish Dhawan Space Centre India ISRO
India SCATSAT ISRO Planned: Low Earth Earth observation  

June

7 June European Union Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
United States EchoStar 18 Echostar Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
Indonesia BRIsat BRI Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
10 June United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX CRS-9 SpaceX Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
Delivering the IDA-2 segment of the NASA Docking System
21 June Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
Russia Soyuz MS-01 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 48/49  
Manned flight with three cosmonauts
24 June United States Atlas V 421 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States NROL-61 NRO Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
25 June Russia Proton-M/Briz-M Kazakhstan Baikonur Russia Khrunichev
United States EchoStar 21 EchoStar Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
2nd Quarter (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
Taiwan FormoSat-5 NSPO Planned: Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
1st Half (TBD) China Long March 2D China ? China CASC
China Quantum Experiments At Space Scale (QUESS) CNSA Planned: Low Earth (SSO) Technology  
1st Half (TBD) China Long March 2D China ? China CASC
China Shijian-10 (SJ-10) CAS Planned: Low Earth Technology  
Mid-year (TBD) China Long March 2F China Jiuquan LA-4/SLS-1 China CNSA
China Shenzhou 11 CNSA Planned: Low Earth Docking with Tiangong-2  
Crewed flight with three Taikonauts

July

4 July Russia Soyuz Kazakhstan Baikonur Russia Roskosmos
Russia Progress MS-03 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
21 July United States Delta IV M+(4,2) United States Canaveral SLC-37B United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United States AFPSC 6 US Air Force Planned: Geosynchronous Space Surveillance  
27 July United States Atlas V 401 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States SBIRS GEO-3 US Air Force Planned: Geosynchronous Missile warning  
July (TBD) European Union Vega France Kourou ELV France Arianespace
Peru PeruSat 1 Peruvian Armed Forces Planned: Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance  
United States SkySat x 4 Skybox Imaging Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
3rd Quarter (TBD) Japan H-IIA 202 Japan Tanegashima LA-Y1 Japan MHI
Japan Himawari 9 JMA Planned: Geostationary Meteorology  

August

15 August (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Cape Canaveral SLC-40 United States SpaceX
United States SpaceX CRS-10 SpaceX Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
Will deliver the SAGE III and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) Earth-observation instruments to the ISS
August (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Iridium NEXT 3-12 Iridium Communications Planned: Low Earth Communications  
August (TBD) India GSLV Mk II India Satish Dhawan India ISRO
India INSAT-3DR ISRO Planned:Geostationary Meteorology  

September

8 September/9 September
23:10-00:40
United States Atlas V 411 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States OSIRIS-REx NASA Planned: Heliocentric Asteroid sample return  
15 September United States Atlas V 401 United States Vandenberg SLC-3E United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United States Worldview 4 DigitalGlobe Planned: Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation  
23 September Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
Russia Soyuz MS-02 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 49/50  
Manned flight with three cosmonauts
28 September United States Delta IV M+(5,4) United States Canaveral SLC-37B United StatesUnited Launch Alliance
United States WGS-8 US Air Force Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
September (TBD) United States Falcon Heavy United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX
United States TBA SpaceX Planned: TBA Flight Test  

October

4 October United States Antares 230 United States MARS LP-0A United States Orbital Sciences
United States Cygnus CRS OA-7 Orbital ATK/NASA Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS resupply  
14 October (TBD) United States Atlas V 541 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States GOES-R NASA/NOAA Planned: Geosynchronous Weather  
17 October
17:00
United States Pegasus-XL United States Stargazer, Cape Canaveral United States Orbital Sciences
United States CYGNSS x 8 NASA Planned: Low Earth Weather research  
20 October Russia Soyuz Kazakhstan Baikonur Russia Roskosmos
Russia Progress MS-04 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
October (TBD) United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Vandenberg SLC-4E United States SpaceX
United States Iridium NEXT 13-22 Iridium Communications Planned: Low Earth Communications  
October (TBD) European Union Ariane 5 ECA France Kourou ELA-3 France Arianespace
European Union Galileo-FOC 7, 10-12 ESA Planned: Medium Earth Navigation  

November

10 November United States Atlas V 431 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States EchoStar 19 HughesNet Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
16 November Russia Soyuz-FG Kazakhstan Baikonur Site 1/5 RussiaRoskosmos
Russia Soyuz MS-03 Roskosmos Planned: Low Earth (ISS) Expedition 50  
Manned flight with three cosmonauts

December

1 December United States Atlas V 401 United States Vandenberg SLC-3E United States United Launch Alliance
United States NROL-79 NRO Planned: Low Earth Reconnaissance  
1 December[7] Japan H-IIB Japan Tanegashima LA-Y2 Japan MHI
Japan HTV-6 JAXA Planned: Low Earth (ISS) ISS Resupply  
15 December United States Atlas V 531 United States Cape Canaveral SLC-41 United States United Launch Alliance
United States AEHF 4 US Air Force Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
December (TBD) India LVM3(GSLV Mk.III) India Satish Dhawan Space Centre India ISRO
India GSAT-19E ISRO Planned: Geosynchronous Communications  
Launch Vehicle Developmental test flight.
December United States Falcon 9 v1.1 FT United States Kennedy LC-39A United States SpaceX/NASA
United States SpX DM-1 SpaceX Planned: Low Earth (ISS) Flight Test  
Crew Dragon Demo 1: Planned test of Dragon V2 as part of Commercial Crew Development program
2016 (TBD) Ukraine Dnepr-1 Russia Dombarovsky Site 13 Russia Ukraine ISC Kosmotras
Spain Paz Hisdesat Planned: Low Earth Earth observation  
2016 (TBD) United States Minotaur-C United States Vandenberg LC-576E United StatesOrbital ATK
United States SkySat x 6 Skybox Imaging Planned: Low Earth Earth observation  
2016 (TBD) China Long March 4B China ? China CASC
China Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) CAS, Tsinghua University Planned: Low Earth X-ray astronomy  
Late 2016 (TBD) European Union Vega France Kourou ELV France Arianespace
Turkey Göktürk-1 Turkish Armed Forces Planned: Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance  

Deep space rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
14 January Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 53 kilometres (33 mi).[8]
15 January[9] Cassini 116th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,817 kilometres (2,372 mi).
31 January Cassini 117th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,400 kilometres (870 mi).
16 February Cassini 118th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,018 kilometres (633 mi).
4 April Cassini 119th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi).
6 May Cassini 120th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 971 kilometres (603 mi).
7 June Cassini 121st flyby of Titan Closest approach: 975 kilometres (606 mi).
4 July Juno Jovian orbit injection First solar-powered Jovian probe (2nd orbiter)
4 July Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 350 kilometres (220 mi).
25 July Cassini 122nd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 976 kilometres (606 mi).
10 August Cassini 123rd flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,599 kilometres (994 mi).
26 September Cassini 124th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,737 kilometres (1,079 mi).
13 November Cassini 125th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 1,582 kilometres (983 mi).
16 November Mars Express Flyby of Phobos Closest approach: 127 kilometres (79 mi).
29 November Cassini 126th flyby of Titan Closest approach: 3,223 kilometres (2,003 mi).

Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs)

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
15 January
13:48
4 hours 43 minutes 18:31 Expedition 46

ISS Quest

United States Timothy Kopra

United Kingdom Tim Peake

Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[10]
3 February
12:55
4 hours 45 minutes 17:40 Expedition 46

ISS Pirs

Russia Yuri Malenchenko

Russia Sergey Volkov

Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[11]

Orbital launch summary

By country

Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures
Remarks
 Europe 1 1 0 0
 India 1 1 0 0
 Japan 1 1 0 0
 People's Republic of China 2 2 0 0
 Russia 3 3 0 0 Includes Sea Launch and Soyuz from Kourou
 United States 3 3 0 0
 North Korea 1 1 0 0

By rocket

By family

Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Ariane  Europe 1 1 0 0
Atlas  United States 1 1 0 0
Delta  United States 1 1 0 0
Falcon  United States 1 1 0 0
H-II  Japan 1 1 0 0
Long March  People's Republic of China 2 2 0 0
R-7  Russia 1 1 0 0
SLV  India 1 1 0 0
Unha  North Korea 1 1 0 0
Universal Rocket  Russia 2 2 0 0

By type

Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Ariane 5  Europe Ariane 1 1 0 0
Atlas V  United States Atlas 1 1 0 0
Delta IV  United States Delta 1 1 0 0
Falcon 9  United States Falcon 1 1 0 0
H-IIA  Japan H-II 1 1 0 0
Long March 3  People's Republic of China Long March 2 2 0 0
Proton  Russia Universal Rocket 1 1 0 0
PSLV  India SLV 1 1 0 0
Soyuz  Russia R-7 1 1 0 0
Unha  North Korea Unha 1 1 0 0
UR-100  Russia Universal Rocket 1 1 0 0

By configuration

Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Ariane 5 ECA  Europe Ariane 5 1 1 0 0
Atlas V 401  United States Atlas V 1 1 0 0
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2)  United States Delta IV 1 1 0 0
Falcon 9 v1.1  United States Falcon 9 1 1 0 0 Final flight
H-IIA 202  Japan H-II 1 1 0 0
Long March 3B/E  People's Republic of China Long March 3 1 1 0 0
Long March 3C/YZ-1  People's Republic of China Long March 3 1 1 0 0
Proton-M/Briz-M  Russia Proton 1 1 0 0
PSLV XL  India PSLV 1 1 0 0
Rokot/Briz-KM  Russia UR-100 1 1 0 0
Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat  Russia Soyuz 1 1 0 0
Unha  North Korea Unha 1 1 0 0

By launch site

Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks
Baikonur  Kazakhstan 1 1 0 0
Cape Canaveral  United States 1 1 0 0
Kourou  France 1 1 0 0
Plesetsk  Russia 2 2 0 0
Satish Dhawan  India 1 1 0 0
Sohae  North Korea 1 1 0 0
Tanegashima  Japan 1 1 0 0
Vandenberg  United States 2 2 0 0
Xichang  People's Republic of China 2 2 0 0

By orbit

Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not Achieved Accidentally
Achieved
Remarks
Transatmospheric 0 0 0 0
Low Earth 5 5 0 0
Geosynchronous/transfer 4 4 0 0
Medium Earth 3 3 0 0
High Earth 0 0 0 0

References

  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Generic references:
Spaceflight portal

Footnotes