Knafeh
Alternative names | kunafeh, kunafah, knafeh |
---|---|
Type | Dessert |
Place of origin | Antakya, Turkey[1][2][3][4] |
Region or state | Arab world, Caucasus, Turkey, Greece |
Invented | 10th century[5] |
Serving temperature | Hot |
Main ingredients | Sugar, cheese, pistachio, rose water, kaymak |
Variations | Multiple |
Kanafeh Künefe (Turkish: Künefe, [kūˈnā:fā] , dialectal: [knāˈfei]) is a traditional Turkish dessert made with cheese pastry soaked in sweet, sugar-based syrup.[6] It is popular throughout the Middle East.,[7] especially in the Levant and Egypt,[8] principally in the West Bank.[9] In addition in Turkey, the Caucasus and Greece.[10]
Kanafeh is popularly known to have originated in the Palestinian city of Nablus,[11][12] and is the most representative and iconic Palestinian dessert.[13][14] Kanafeh Nabulsieh enjoys continued fame, partly due to its use of a white-brine cheese called Nabulsi.[15][16]
Etymology
The word kunāfah (Arabic: كنافة) is derived from the verb kanaf (Arabic: كَنَف) meaning to shelter.[17]
Preparation
There are many types of Kanafeh pastry:[18][19][20]
- khishnah (Arabic: خشنة, rough): crust made from long thin noodle threads.
- na'ama (Arabic: ناعمة, fine): semolina dough.
- mhayara (Arabic: محيرة, mixed): a mixture of khishnah and na'ama.
- mbrwma (Arabic: مبرومة, twined): prepared with noodles.[citation needed]
The pastry is traditionally heated in semneh, however, butter, margarine and palm oil can be used as well. Soft white cheese, such as Nabulsi cheese, is then spread onto the pastry and then topped with more pastry. In khishnah kanafeh, the cheese is rolled in the pastry. A thick syrup of sugar, water, and a few drops of rose water or orange blossom water is poured on the pastry during the final minutes of cooking. Often the top layer of pastry is tinted with red food coloring (a modern shortcut, instead of baking it for long periods of time). Crushed pistachios are sprinkled on top as a garnish.
Variants
Kanafeh Nabulsieh
Kanafeh was first mentioned in the 10th century.[21]
It is generally believed to have originated in the Palestinian city of Nablus,[22][23][24] hence the name Nabulsieh. Nablus is still renowned for its kanafeh, which consists of mild white cheese and shredded wheat surface, which is covered by sugar syrup.[25] In the Levant and Egypt, this variant of kanafeh is the most common. The largest plate of kanafeh was made in Nablus[26] in an attempt to win a Palestinian citation in the Guinness World Records. It measured 75×2 meters and weighed 1,350 kilograms.[27][28]
Kadayıf and künefe
The Turkish variant of the pastry kanafeh is called künefe and the wiry shreds are called tel kadayıf. A semi-soft cheese such as Urfa peyniri (cheese of Urfa) or Hatay peyniri (cheese of Hatay), made of raw milk, is used in the filling.[29][30] In making the künefe, the kadayıf is not rolled around the cheese; instead, cheese is put in between two layers of wiry kadayıf. It is cooked in small copper plates, and then served very hot in syrup with clotted cream (kaymak) and topped with pistachios or walnuts. In the Turkish cuisine, there is also yassı kadayıf and ekmek kadayıfı, none of which is made of wiry shreds.
Riştə Xətayi
This type of Azerbaijani variant is prepared in Tabriz, Iran. "Riştə Xətayi" consists of meshed shreds, and is typically cooked in Ramadan in the world's biggest covered Bazaar of Tabriz. It is made of chopped walnuts, cinnamon, ginger, powder of rose, sugar, water, rose water and olive oil.[31]
Kadaif
In this variant, called also καταΐφι (kataïfi) or κανταΐφι (kadaïfi) in Greek, the threads are used to make various forms of pastries, such as tubes or birds' nests, often with a filling of chopped nuts as in baklava.
A Bosnian style kadaif pastry is made by putting down a layer of wire kadaif, then a layer of a filling of chopped nuts, then another layer of wire kadaif. The pastries are painted with melted butter, baked until golden brown, then drenched in sugar or honey syrup.[32]
See also
- Ekmek kadayıfı, Turkish bread custard
- List of pastries
- Palestinian cuisine
- Phyllo
- Qatayef, a dumpling-like confection involving some of the same ingredients
Gallery
-
The kanafeh in Nablus in 2009.
-
Kanafeh in Jerusalem
-
Fine (na'ama) kanafeh
-
Kanafeh Nabulsieh
-
Kanafeh shop in East Jerusalem
References
- ^ Albala, K. (2011). Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Greenwood. p. 311. ISBN 9780313376269. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
- ^ "Knafeh كنافة: The Nabulsi Treat". tartqueenskitchen.com. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
- ^ Magazine, Culture; Miller, Laurel; Skinner, Thalassa (2012). Cheese For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118145524.
- ^ Edelstein, Professor Retired Nutrition and Dietetics Department Simmons College Sari (2010). Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 9781449618117.
- ^ Roufs, Timothy G.; Roufs, Kathleen Smyth (2014). Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610692212.
- ^
- Planet, Lonely; Robinson, Daniel; Crowcroft, Orlando; Maxwell, Virginia; Walker, Jenny (2015). Lonely Planet Israel & the Palestinian Territories. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781743605479.
- Hammack, Phillip L. (2011). Narrative and the Politics of Identity: The Cultural Psychology of Israeli and Palestinian Youth. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195394467.
- Young, Ron (2014). Crossing Boundaries in the Americas, Vietnam, and the Middle East: A Memoir. Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 9781630875039.
- Holland, Mina (2014). The Edible Atlas: Around the World in Thirty-Nine Cuisines. Canongate Books. ISBN 9780857868565.
- Pribble, Aaron (2011). Pitching in the Promised Land: A Story of the First and Only Season in the Israel Baseball League. U of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803235496.
- Albala, Ken (2016). At the Table: Food and Family around the World: Food and Family around the World. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610697385.
- "Sweet translations". Restaurant Business.
- ^ Alliance, The Austin Food Blogger (26 March 2013). "The Austin Food Blogger Alliance Cookbook". Arcadia Publishing.
- ^ "Knafeh". Time Out Sydney.
- ^ "Cuisine". TRAVEL PALESTINE. 3 November 2011.
- ^ "How to prepare Kanafah".
- ^ "Volunteer Palestine". Volunteer Palestine.
- ^ Alliance, The Austin Food Blogger (2013). The Austin Food Blogger Alliance Cookbook. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9781625840349.
- ^ Nasser, Christiane Dabdoub (2013). Classic Palestinian Cuisine. Saqi. ISBN 9780863568794.
- ^ "Is Knafeh Israeli or Palestinian?". Haaretz. 4 June 2014.
- ^ "Cuisine". Institute for Middle East Understanding. 16 January 2006. Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Tamime, editors, R.K. Robinson, A.Y. (1996). Feta and related cheeses. Cambridge, England: Woodhead Pub. ISBN 1855732785.
{{cite book}}
:|first1=
has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Team, Almaany. "Definition and meaning of Kanafeh in Arabic in the dictionary of the meanings of the whole, the lexicon of the mediator, the contemporary Arabic language - Arabic Arabic dictionary - Page 1". www.almaany.com.
- ^ "Knafeh". Nivin's Kitchen. 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Kunafa". Sampateek. 9 October 2013.
- ^ "Arabic knafeh". Chef in disguise. 18 March 2016.
- ^ Roufs, Timothy G. (2014). Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 464.
- ^ Edelstein, Sari (2010). Food, Cuisine, and Cultural Competency for Culinary, Hospitality, and Nutrition Professionals. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 575.
- ^ Arafat-Roy, Sahar (2013). "Sweet Baked Phyllo With Cheese (Knafeh)". In Broyles, Addie (ed.). The Austin Food Blogger Alliance Cookbook. The History Press. p. 43.
- ^ Abu Shihab, Sana Nimer (2012). Mediterranean Cuisine. AuthorHouse. p. 74.
- ^ Cuisine Archived 2007-08-04 at the Wayback Machine Institute for Middle East Understanding
- ^ WEST BANK: Palestinian Knafeh enters Guinness World Records.
- ^ "Largest-ever kunafa to break Guinness world record in Nablus". Maan News Agency.
- ^ France-Presse, Agence. "Giant West Bank cake aims for Guinness record". ABS-CBN News.
- ^ http://www.politikcity.de/forum/internationale-k%FCche-d%FCnyanin-mutfa/19192-k%FCnefe.html[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Künefe – ein außergewöhnliches Dessert". nobelio.de. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
- ^ Behnegarsoft.com. "اهراب نیوز - تصویری/ رشته ختایی؛ شیرینی مخصوص تبریز برای رمضان". ahrabnews.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Kadaif | Kuhar.ba - Hrana, recepti, zdravlje". kuhar.ba. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
External links
- Media related to Kanafeh at Wikimedia Commons
- Arabic words and phrases
- Arab cuisine
- Arab desserts
- Arab pastries
- Ottoman cuisine
- Assyrian cuisine
- Azerbaijani cuisine
- Egyptian cuisine
- Greek cuisine
- Israeli cuisine
- Jordanian cuisine
- Lebanese cuisine
- Levantine cuisine
- Palestinian cuisine
- Syrian cuisine
- Turkish cuisine
- Desserts
- Middle Eastern cuisine
- Pastries
- Cheese dishes