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Institut Nova Història

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The Institut Nova Història (INH) is a cultural foundation of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain) dedicated to the pseudohistory and historical revisionism, with clear political intentions. The objective of the foundation, based on the premise that the history of Catalonia has been systematically manipulated and hidden since the 15th–16th centuries, aims to "recover and disseminate it, to rewrite the authentic history of Catalonia and create a new historical concept among the Catalans".[1][2] To achieve this, it promotes research, study and dissemination through publications, conferences and symposia.[1][3]

The Institute has often collaborated with the Catalan National Assembly in holding conferences on the history of Catalonia.[4]

Origin

The Institute was created in 2007 as a spin-off from the Foundation of Historical Studies of Catalonia. Its founders and leaders were Albert Codines[5] and Jordi Bilbeny. Already in its beginnings, the Institute has assumed the study and dissemination of the Catalanity of Christopher Columbus, Miguel de Cervantes, Lazarillo de Tormes, all topics defended by Bilbeny.[6]

As for public events and outreach, since its inception, the Institute has supported and organized, together with the municipality of Arenys de Munt, the Simposis sobre la descoberta catalana d'Amèrica that are held since 2001, in which speakers, generally fond of the history of all labor fields, show their research disinterestedly on the catalanity of the Discovery of America.[7] In 2013, the Institute organized the first Universitat Nova Història in Pla de l'Estany, with the sponsorship of the Provincial Council of Girona, the municipality of Arenys de Mar, Catalan Business Circle, asamblea.cat, the Regional Council of Pla de l'Estany and the Fundació Catalunya Estat.[1][8]

Support from the Catalan independentism and awards

Commission evaluating the 2009 Catalan independence referendum in Arenys de Munt. From left to right, Jordi Bilbeny, Alfons López Tena, J.M. Ximenis, Uriel Bertran and Oriol Junqueras (president of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya).

In October 2013, the Institute was awarded with the 19th President Lluís Companys National Awards, given by Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya of Sants-Montjuïc, "for its work of research, study and dissemination of history of Catalonia, with an iconoclastic and innovative character, exploiting to the maximum the possibilities of interaction, participation and internationalization of the studies, and for its commitment to the knowledge of the history of Catalonia."[9][10] The Institute has received the support of various Catalan intellectuals and politicians, such as the writer Isabel-Clara Simó,[7] Josep Rull[11] (secretary of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia), Carles Campuzano (deputy in Parliament for Convergence and Union), Alfons López Tena (ex-deputy in the Parlament for Solidaritat Catalana), Ramon Tremosa (member of the European Parliament and head of list to the European elections for CiU), Josep Maria Terricabras (member of the European Parliament and head of list to the European elections for Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Núria Cadenas (president of Catalan Solidarity for Independence), Miquel Selláres (historical leader of Democratic Convergence of Catalonia), Antoni Strubell (ex-deputy in the Catalan parliament for Catalan Solidarity for Independence), Assumpcio Maresma (journalist and former press secretary of the Department of Culture of the Generalitat de Catalunya), Jaume Manel Oronich (ex-deputy in Catalan Parliament for CiU), Joan Rabasseda (mayor of Arenys de Munt for ERC), Estanis Fors (mayor of Arenys de Mar for CiU).[7] In July 2014 the former president of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Jordi Pujol, sent a letter to Bilbeny congratulating him on his book Discovery and Catalan conquest of America. A history rewritten by the Castilians, noting that the books of the Institut Nova Història "are very convincing", commenting that "I want to congratulate them for the work, the good work they do, and I encourage them to continue in this same line". [11][12] Also the former vice-president of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira, participated in the presentation of the reissue of the book Short account of the destruction of history of Jordi Bilbeny, affirming during the presentation:[11]

What explains this book is so heavy metal that seems impossible. And when you read it, you end up questioning the official truth of the discovery of America. Those who did not know the thesis disseminated by Bilbeny, and with which little by little we have become accomplices, surprised the magnitude of the operation. It is very beast what is explained in the book, because it erases all traces, however tiny, of the catalanity of the Discovery

— Josep Lluís Carod-Rovira (2014)[11]

The congress conducted in 2015 by the INH in Arenys de Mar, under the title "The Catalan Discovery of America", was financed by the councils of Arenys de Mar and Arenys de Munt, together with associations such as the Ateneu Independentista of Arenys de Munt. It was finished by Muriel Casals, deputy of Junts pel Sí, with a conference entitled "From the erased past to political independence".[13][14]

Their members have given talks on their theories on primary television and radio channels of Catalonia such as TV3, Catalunya Ràdio, El Punt Avui TV, and others.[15][16][17][18]

Cristicism

The thesis of the Institute has been criticized by the pro-Spanish party Ciudadanos spokesman, Carina Mejías, who commented "To assure that there is a theory of conspiracy to cover the Catalan origin of Columbus, scatters the ridicule, the Institut Nova Història should think twice before saying things like these."[19] Javier Barraycoa, vice-chancellor of the Abat Oliba CEU University and previously vice-deacan of Political Science and Administration, former secretary of the pro-Spanish party Carlist Traditionalist Communion in Catalonia[20] and author of various essays on nationalism, He said that the Institute "is fully subsidized by the Generalitat of Catalonia" and that "has absolutely no recognition in the academic world ... They are history amateurs to which the Generalitat is using to create a nationalistic climate that everything is Catalan and Catalonia, but these people have not invited them to a serious congress because they are impossible for them to defend these things [...] they cling to burning nails to launch theories that have not been contrasted, simply propaganda and nationalist intoxication, who produce laughter or desire to cry."[21]

Researchers

Víctor Cucurull in 2011

The principal researcher –also the founder– of the Institut Nova Història is Jordi Bilbeny (born in Arenys de Mar, October 14 of 1961). Bilbeny has a degree in Catalan Philology by the Autonomous University of Barcelona and has been a professor of Catalan for adults at the Islamic Cultural Council of Catalonia and at the Women's Penitentiary of Barcelona (Wad-Ras), among other places.[22] He launched the "Symposium on the Catalan discovery of America" in 2001.[23] Bilbeny is a member of the "Arenysian Movement for Self-Determination", a local independentist movement, and of the Arenys de Munt's Popular Unity Candidacy,[24] and was one of the organizers of the 2009 Catalan independence referendum in Arenys de Munt, of which he composed the anthem.[25][26]

The president of the Institute is Albert Codinas, entrepreneur and graduate in Contemporary History. Codinas is also vice president of the Fundació Catalunya Estat, secretary of the Associació Catalunya 2014, voicer of the executive board of the Catalan Association of Leisure, Sports and Culture Companies, co-founder of the Platform for the Right to Decide and former voicer of the executive board of the Catalan Business Circle. According to Codinas, "Castile, which was very little relevant in the history of the Western world until the Discovery of America, has sucked and sabotaged the history of others to justify its authority".[27]

Other of the best known researchers of the foundation is Víctor Cucurull,[28] president of the Fundació Societat i Cultura,[29] member of the national secretariat of the Catalan National Assembly[30] and one of the ideologues of the "V" performed in Barcelona for the 2014 National Day of Catalonia.[31] Cucurull also is very known for the video of his June 2013 conference in Navàs, which has been commented by many newspapers.[4][32][33]

Theses defended by the Institute

The Institute considers that the history of Catalonia has been manipulated and distorted – "historycidie" – since the 16th century to favor the construction of a concept of Spanish state away from the "proto-federalism" of the Crown of Aragon and close to Castilian "supremacism" of the Crown of Castile. By reducing the leadership of Catalonia –or the Crown of Aragon– in Spanish collective history through falsification, concealment and censorship –and the "appropriation"– of certain historical episodes, the prevalence of Castilian ideology was favored at the time of constructing the idea of ​​the nascent Spanish state. Bilbeny does not trust of history books, prints, etc. dated from the 16th century onwards, because they suspect that they have been subject to censorship and manipulation.[34][35][36][37]

The main thesis of the Institute is the Catalanity of the Discovery of America, affirming that Christopher Columbus was Catalan and that in fact it was called Joan Colom i Bertran, grandson of the founder of the first public bank in the world and direct ancestor of the former president of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Artur Mas. The son of Joan Colom would be Erasmus, whose authentic name would be Ferran.[32][38] As son of Colombus, Erasmus was on the part of the mother prince of Portugal and in the In Praise of Folly gave voice to Joanna of Castile, theses that are reached, in the absence of documents, "reading between the lines".[39] The whole feat of discovery and conquest would have been done by Catalans, who would be the only ones who would travel to America until 1518:[35] Hernán Cortés was actually Ferran Cortès, a Catalan noble,[40][41] as well as Francisco Pizarro, who in fact would be Francesc Pinós De So i Carròs, and Diego de Almagro, whose real name would be Jaume d'Aragó-Dalmau;[42] the ships of Columbus would have left the port of Pals and not from Palos de la Frontera;[43] Amerigo Vespucci was actually Aymerich Despuig and was the Catalan cosmographer of Columbus;[32][44] etc.

However, the thesis of the port of Pals received a total documentary and technical rejection. It was rejected by Francesc Albardaner, Nito Verdera, Miquel Manubens and other historians or researchers of the Center for Colombian Studies, of Barcelona, however these also are ​​defenders of the Catalanity of Columbus. The distances traveled and the diverse documentation confirm that the expedition sailed from Palos de la Frontera (Andalusia), from where the Pinzón brothers were born.[45][46][47][48][49]

The port activity of Palos de la Frontera was demonstrated, both by the geophysical surveys carried out in the old port of Palos by the Higher Technical School of Mining Engineers of Madrid, between 1989 and 1990, and by the study published by University of Huelva on the old castle and port of Palos de la Frontera.[50] The historian Julio Izquierdo Labrado published, in one of his works, some of the results of the study, in addition to his research on the port of Palos de la Frontera.[51] Also the defunct Duchess of Medina Sidonia, Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, preserver of the Medina Sidonia archive, indicates that the choice of Palos de la Frontera was not accidental, but is due to its ancient maritime tradition and the qualities of the sailors of Palos and the region of Rio Tinto, that so many services had done to the crown during the War of the Castilian Succession.

Another of the main theses of the Institute is the Catalanity of much of the Spanish literature of the 15th and 16th centuries. Thus, Miguel de Cervantes would be Joan Miquel Servent, a native of Xixona,[52] and the El Quixote would be a bad translation of the original in Catalan, El Quixot; original that would have been destroyed by the Castilians.[53][54] In fact, according to the author Miquel Izquierdo i Perán of INH, Joan Miquel Servent would end up fleeing Spain and in England he would publish his works under the pseudonym "Shakespeare", so Servent, Cervantes and Shakespeare would have been the same person.[55][56][57] Also La Celestina and Lazarillo de Tormes, this last work would be by Joan Timoneda, would have been works originally written in Catalan, then translated into Castile and the originals destroyed.[32] Garcilaso de la Vega would actually be Galceran of Cardona;[58] Francisco de Quevedo would have plagiarized part of his poetic work at the Vallfogona Rector;[59] and St. Teresa of Ávila would have been Teressa Enrìques de Cardona, abbess of the Monastery of Pedralbes for thirty years.[4][60]

They have also defended the Catalanity of Michael Servetus, calling it "universal Catalan", stating that "Vilanova de Sixena" was a "Catalan population under Aragonese administration"[61][62][63] –letting to suggest that Michael Servetus was the father of Miguel de Cervantes ("Joan Miquel Servent", according to the Institute)–,[64] and of El Cid, which would have been a lineage of Catalan noblemen passing from parents to children.[65][66] Other of their texts states that the first existing university in the Iberian Peninsula was that of University of Barcelona, before those of Salamanca and Palencia.[67]

One of the latest theses defended by the Institute affirms that Leonardo da Vinci was Catalan, which they explain in the documentary Disassembling Leonardo.[18][17] According to the researchers of the institute, Mona Lisa would be Isabella of Aragon and the mountains that are at the bottom of the painting would be the of Montserrat; Da Vinci's shield would be very similar to that of the "Catalan Royal House"; the genius would have "been born" in reality in a town near Montserrat, such as Manresa, Vic or La Garriga."[68][69]

In other areas, they have spread the idea that the design of the flag of the United States would have been inspired by the Catalan senyera.[70]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Primera Universitat Nova Història durant l'agost", llibertat.cat (in Catalan), July 3, 2013, archived from the original on September 25, 2013
  2. ^ Albert Codinas (May 1, 2010), "Som? Què som? Què han dit que som?", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), archived from the original on July 13, 2014
  3. ^ "QUI SOM", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), archived from the original on June 30, 2014
  4. ^ a b c Janot Guil (June 11, 2014), "La Asamblea Nacional Catalana se apropia también de Santa Teresa de Jesús", ABC (in Spanish)
  5. ^ Andreu Mas (November 3, 2009), "Colom era català, barceloní, i d'una nissaga noble" (PDF), El Punt (in Catalan)
  6. ^ Francesca Marí (November 30, 2009), "Castella no té història universal", dBalears (in Catalan)
  7. ^ a b c David Bassa (May 1, 2009), "=Manifest a favor del Simposi d'Arenys de Munt", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), archived from the original on August 4, 2014
  8. ^ "1a Universitat Nova Història, de l'1 al 4 d'agost a Crespià", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), July 2, 2013
  9. ^ "L'Institut Nova Història serà guardonat amb el Premi Nacional President Lluís Companys", llibertat.cat (in Catalan), October 16, 2013
  10. ^ "L'Institut Nova Història guardonat amb el Premi Nacional President Lluís Companys", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), October 10, 2013
  11. ^ a b c d A. Fernández (July 3, 2014), "Jordi Pujol y Carod se suman a la teoría de que Colón y los Pinzón eran catalanes", El Confidencial (in Spanish)
  12. ^ "'El Quijote' es catalán y Cervantes se llamaba Servent, según el Institut Nova Història", 20 minutos (in Spanish), August 11, 2013
  13. ^ MA Ruiz Coll (November 25, 2015), "ERC reúne a 40 historiadores con dinero público para demostrar que Da Vinci, Marco Polo, Colón y Cervantes eran catalanes", ok diario (in Spanish)
  14. ^ MA Ruiz Coll (November 25, 2015), "A city council of ERC and another one to which the PP supports sponsor the falsification of history", ok diario (in Spanish)
  15. ^ TV3, Desmuntant Leonardo{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Entrevista Mònica Terribas: Bilbeny/Grau (1/4) histocat.cat, youtube
  17. ^ a b "Jordi Bilbeny «Desmuntant Leonardo» a El Punt Avui TV", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), August 4, 2014; interview with Jordi Bilbeny at El Punt Avui TV.
  18. ^ a b "Parlem de 'Desmuntant Leonardo' a Catalunya Ràdio", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), July 28, 2014; Interview with Jordi Bilbeny at Catalunya Ràdio.
  19. ^ Quico Sallés (April 22, 2014), "C's: «És ridícul dir que Cristòfol Colom és català»", NacióDigital.cat (in Catalan)
  20. ^ "Directorio General de la Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista" (PDF), Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista (in Spanish), January 2013
  21. ^ Rosalina Moreno (July 10, 2014), "Barraycoa: 'Cataluña vive un delirio colectivo'", La Gaceta (in Spanish)
  22. ^ Ignasi Riera (June 14, 2010), "Català a les presons", Avui (in Catalan), archived from the original on March 11, 2012
  23. ^ "Error intencionat? Un simposi d'historiadors a Arenys de Mar debatrà el possible origen català de Colom i per què es va negar", El Punt Avui (in Catalan), November 16, 2010
  24. ^ "Ximenis i Bilbeny analitzen les consultes en una xerrada a Besalú aquest divendres", Llibertat.cat (in Catalan), November 3, 2009, archived from the original on August 4, 2014
  25. ^ "Una discogràfica ripollesa edita l'himne de les consultes independentistes", El Ripollès.info (in Catalan), April 22, 2010, archived from the original on July 24, 2013
  26. ^ "Campanes de Llibertat", e-notícies, September 8, 2009, archived from the original on September 12, 2009
  27. ^ Andreu Marfull i Pujadas (August 26, 2014), "Entrevista a l'Albert Codinas a la revista LA FADA de Sarrià", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), archived from the original on November 22, 2014
  28. ^ J. R. Alonso de la Torre (September 3, 2014), "Pizarro era de Cataluña", hoy.es (in Spanish)
  29. ^ "Conferència amb Víctor Cucurull", YxI – Vilafranca per la Independència (in Catalan), February 13, 2014
  30. ^ Cristian Segura (November 23, 2014), "Complot històric contra Catalunya", El País (in Catalan)
  31. ^ Rubés Cabús (August 11, 2014), "El rubinenc Víctor Cucurull és l'ideòleg de la V de la Diada, que ja té un tram reservat a Rubí", rubitv.cat (in Catalan)
  32. ^ a b c d Antonio Fernández (June 30, 2014), "Las teorías independentistas que convierten en catalanes a personajes históricos. Leer más: Las teorías independentistas que convierten en catalanes a personajes históricos", El Confidencial (in Spanish)
  33. ^ Joaquín Leguina (2014), Los 10 mitos del nacionalismo catalán, Ediciones Temas de Hoy, p. 74, ISBN 9788499984414
  34. ^ Pere Forès i Malleu (November 19, 2010), "Esborrant la traça catalana", Presència, no. 2021, Barcelona, pp. 28–31, GI-143-1965
  35. ^ a b F. Marí (November 30, 2009), "Castella no té història" (PDF), Diari de Balears (in Catalan)
  36. ^ Víctor Alexandre (December 5, 2011), "La censura espanyola sobre la descoberta d'Amèrica", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  37. ^ Eugeni Casanova (March 14, 2011), "El robatori més gran de la història", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  38. ^ Pep Mayolas (April 21, 2014), "Pep Mayolas: «La meva hipòtesi és que Erasme era català i fill d'En Colom»", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  39. ^ Silvia Colomé (April 21, 2014), "Pep Mayolas: "Mi hipótesis es que Erasmo era catalán e hijo de Colón"", La Vanguardia
  40. ^ "Hernán Cortés también era catalán y se llamaba Ferran Cortès", elmanifiesto.com (in Spanish), April 29, 2014
  41. ^ Ivan Giménez (March 13, 2014), "Hernán Cortés: hidalgo extremeny o descendent de sang reial catalana?", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  42. ^ Pep Mayolas (April 17, 2014), "Francisco Pizarro i Diego de Almagro, dos conquistadors de nissaga reial catalana", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  43. ^ Jordi Bilbeny (October 27, 2013), "Raons i proves per la identificació de Palos de Moguer amb Pals de l'Empordà", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  44. ^ Jordi Bilbeny (February 22, 2012), "Américo Vespuche era un Despuig. Primera part de l'estudi d'en Jordi Bilbeny", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  45. ^ Bulletin 14, third-quarter of 1994, publication of the CEC, article "About the Pinzon and Palos" by Nito Verdera, pp. 8–10
  46. ^ Bulletin of the Center of Columbian Studies, Bulletin 10, second-quarter of 1993, publication of the CEC, article "Sobre el port de Palos (Resposta indirecta a la qüestió de Pals)" by Pere Català i Roca, pp. 18-19
  47. ^ Journal of the first navigation. A summary of the list by Friar Bartolomé de las Casas.
  48. ^ Hernando Colombus. "Historia del Almirante." chap. XIV, p. 73.
  49. ^ Friar Bartolomé de las Casas. Historia de las Indias. Chap. 35. pp. several.
  50. ^ Florentino Pozo Blázquez; Juan Manuel Campos Carrasco; Francisco Borja Barrera, Puerto histórico y castillo de Palos de la Frontera (Huelva) : asentamiento humano y medio natural, University of Huelva. Publications Service, ISBN 978-84-88751-23-2{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  51. ^ Julio Izquierdo Labrado, Relaciones de Palos de la Frontera con el Algarve a finales del siglo XV, www.mgar.net
  52. ^ Francisco Esquivel (October 16, 2012), "Cervantes, català", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  53. ^ Jordi Vilarrodà (January 30, 2013), "'El Quixot és la traducció d'una obra catalana, d'en Joan Miquel Servent'", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  54. ^ José Luís Riera (March 1, 2010), "El Quixot és una mala traducció de l'original en català", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  55. ^ Bernat Puigtobella (July 22, 2014), "Shakespeare era català", Punt de Llibre (in Catalan)
  56. ^ Gustau Nerín (April 7, 2016), "Van ser Cervantes i Shakespeare la mateixa persona?", El Nacional.cat (in Spanish)
  57. ^ Laura Fernández (April 13, 2016), "Un libro sostiene que Cervantes y Shakespeare eran la misma persona: un catalán", El Mundo (in Spanish)
  58. ^ "Garcilaso de la Vega... o... Galceran de Cardona?", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan), March 1, 2010
  59. ^ Bartomeu Mestre i Sureda (February 15, 2011), "Va plagiar Quevedo al rector de Vallfogona?", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  60. ^ José Ángel Montañés (December 24, 2014), "Sin rastro de Santa Teresa en el monasterio de Pedralbes", El País (in Spanish)
  61. ^ "Servet 'catalán universal'", lavozdebarcelona.com (in Spanish), January 21, 2013
  62. ^ "El instituto Nueva Historia Catalana llama a Servet "catalán universal"", El Periódico de Aragón (in Spanish), 18 January 2013
  63. ^ Raimon Balagué (January 4, 2013), "Miquel Servet, català universal", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  64. ^ Esteve Renom (September 19, 2012), "En Servet i En Servent eren pare i fill?", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  65. ^ "«El Cid no va ser una persona sinó un llinatge català, passava de pares a fills»", Diari de Girona (in Catalan), February 28, 2016
  66. ^ Pep Mayolas (December 27, 2015), "El Cid de València era català o Quan i com els catalans van fer Espanya", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  67. ^ Antonio Fernández (December 26, 2016), "La última teoría independentista: Barcelona ya tenía universidad antes que Salamanca", El Confidencial (in Spanish)
  68. ^ A. Mendo (July 8, 2014), "Colón y Da Vinci son catalanes, según un grupo de historiadores nacionalistas", Antena 3 (in Spanish)
  69. ^ Jose Luis Espejo (5 May 2009), "Leonardo, Montserrat i el secret de la Gioconda", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
  70. ^ Jordi Bilbeny (December 5, 2010), "Sobre l'origen de la bandera dels Estats Units d'Amèrica", Institut Nova Història (in Catalan)
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