Firefox: Difference between revisions

Mozilla Firefox
	File:Firefox-logo.png
	Mozilla Firefox running on Ubuntu, displaying the English Wikipedia main page
Developer(s)	Mozilla Foundation / Mozilla Corporation
Stable release
Standard	124.0.2 / April 2, 2024; 8 days ago
Extended support release	115.9.1esr / March 22, 2024; 19 days ago
Preview release
Beta & developer edition	125.0b9 / April 5, 2024; 5 days ago
Nightly	126.0a1 / March 18, 2024; 23 days ago
Repository	hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/ ;
Engine	Gecko; Quantum; SpiderMonkey;
Operating system	Cross-platform
Available in	Multilingual (41)
Type	Web browser
License	Mozilla EULA, see Licensing-section
Website	www.mozilla.com/firefox

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Mozilla Firefox is a free, open source, cross-platform graphical web browser developed by the Mozilla Corporation and hundreds of volunteers.^[5] Started as a fork of the browser component (Navigator) of the Mozilla Application Suite, Firefox has replaced the Mozilla Suite as the Mozilla Foundation's flagship product. Firefox is often abbreviated as FF; officially it is Fx or fx.^[6]

Firefox had gained acclaim from numerous media outlets, including Forbes^[7] and the Wall Street Journal,^[8] even before its 1.0 release on November 9, 2004. With over 25 million downloads in the 99 days after the initial 1.0 release, Firefox became one of the most downloaded free and open source applications, especially among home users.^[9] Firefox 2 was released on October 24, 2006 and downloaded over 2 million times within 24 hours.^[10]

As of September 2006, Firefox's usage share is around 12% of overall browser usage (see market adoption below), with its highest usage in Germany (about 39% as of July 2006).^[11]

History

Dave Hyatt and Blake Ross began working on the Firefox project as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project. They believed that the commercial requirements of Netscape's sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.^{[citation needed]} To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite's software bloat, they created a pared-down browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite. On April 3 2003, The Mozilla Organization announced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.^[12]

The Firefox project has gone through many name changes through its history. Originally titled Phoenix, it had to be renamed because of trademark issues with Phoenix Technologies. The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird free database software project. In response, the Mozilla Foundation stated that the browser should always bear the name Mozilla Firebird in order to avoid confusion with the database software. Continuing pressure from the database server's development community forced another change, and on February 9 2004, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox (or Firefox for short).^[13]

The Firefox project went through many versions before 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004. Aside from stability and security fixes, the Mozilla Foundation released one major update to Firefox—version 1.5, on November 29, 2005—before the debut of Firefox 2.

On October 24 2006, Mozilla released Firefox 2. This version includes changes to the tabbed browsing environment[1]; enhancements to the extensions manager; enhancements to the GUI^[14] (including a more glossy-looking default theme); improvements to the find, search and software update engines; a greater level of accessibility; session and download restore; and new anti-phishing features.^[15]

Future development

Template:Future software According to the roadmap, future Firefox development will include version 3.0. Development on version 3.0, which will be based on Gecko 1.9, occurs simultaneously on the Mozilla trunk. Newer versions of Firefox will use Cairo as the rendering layer instead of GDI+.^[16]

Version 3.0

The logo of Minefield development trunk builds

File:Minefield-3.0a1-20060922.png

Mozilla Firefox (codename Minefield), trunk build (pre-Alpha) running on Windows XP

The development name for Mozilla Firefox 3 is Gran Paradiso.^[17] The precursory releases were codenamed "Minefield", as this was the name of the trunk builds. "Gran Paradiso", like other Firefox development names, is an actual place; in this case a national park in Italy. With the release of version 3.0 alpha 1 on December 8, 2006, it adopted the "Gran Paradiso" codename.^[18] The estimated release date for Firefox 3 is in November 2007.^[19]

The largest change for Firefox 3 will be the implementation of Gecko 1.9, an updated layout engine (more correctly big changes to the reflow code and migration of nsTextFrame to the Thebes infrastructure). Firefox 3 will also include several new features and some that were bumped from Firefox 2, such as the overhauled Places system for storing bookmarks and history in an SQLite backend.^[20] Due to Microsoft's decision to end support for Windows 98 and Windows Me on July 11 2006, and because Cairo does not support Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me, and Windows NT 4.0, Firefox 3 will not run on those operating systems.^[21]^[22] Unlike previous versions, Firefox 3 on Mac OS X will use a Cocoa widget implementation.^[23]

The development team is also asking that Firefox users submit feature requests that they wish to be included in Firefox 3.^[24]

Version 4.0

On October 13 2006, Brendan Eich, Mozilla's Chief Technology Officer, wrote about the plans for Mozilla 2.0, the platform on which Firefox 4 is likely to be based. These changes include improving and removing XPCOM APIs, switching to standard C++ features, just-in-time compilation with JavaScript 2 (known as the Tamarin project), and tool-time and runtime security checks.^[25]^[26]

Features

The developers of Firefox aim to produce a browser that "just works" for most casual users. User-created extensions and plugins can be installed to integrate with Firefox giving a wide range of choice for the end-user. The main features included with Firefox are tabbed browsing, incremental find, live bookmarking, a customizable download manager and a built-in Search toolbar. The user can customize their version of Firefox with downloadable extensions, a variety of different themes and skins, and many advanced preferences that are accessible via the [about:config about:config] page.

Mozilla Firefox supports many software standards, including, but not restricted to: HTML, XML, XHTML, CSS, ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, MathML, DTD, XSL, SVG, XPath and PNG images with alpha transparency. Firefox release builds do not yet pass the Acid2 standards-compliance test. There are developmental versions of Firefox that currently pass the Acid2 test, and Firefox 3 is expected to pass Acid2.^[27]

Mozilla Firefox is a multi-platform browser, providing support for various versions of Microsoft Windows, including 98, 98SE, Me, NT 4.0, 2000, XP, and Server 2003. It also runs on Mac OS X, and on Linux-based operating systems using the X Window System. Although not officially released for certain operating systems, the freely available source code works for many other operating systems, including but not restricted to: FreeBSD ^[28], OS/2, Solaris, SkyOS, BeOS and more recently, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.^[29]

Firefox also provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools or extensions. These include the built-in JavaScript Console, and the DOM Inspector, Venkman JavaScript debugger, and the Web Developer ^[30] extensions.

The fact that Firefox has fewer and less severe publicly known unpatched security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers) is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox for improved security.^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34] A 2006 Symantec study showed that Firefox had surpassed Internet Explorer in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through to September, though these were patched more quickly than vulnerabilities found in other browsers.^[35] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox still had fewer security vulnerabilities, as counted by security researchers.^[36]

Firefox uses SSL/TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.^[37] It also supports smartcards for secure login to web servers. It uses a sandbox security model and the developers use a "bug bounty" scheme, for finding fixes for some security and feature additions.

Performance

Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.^[38] Mozilla developers said the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 is sometimes at least partially an effect of the new fast backwards and forwards (FastBack) feature.^[39] Other known causes of memory problems are misbehaving extensions, such as Google Toolbar and some old versions of Adblock ^[40] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader^[41]. When PC Magazine compared memory usage of Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer, they found that Firefox seemed to use only about as much memory as the other browsers.^[42] Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra indicate that Firefox 2 uses less memory than Internet Explorer 7.^[43]^[44]

Softpedia notes that Firefox takes longer to start up than other browsers^[45] and browser speed tests confirm this to be the case.^[46] IE also launches slightly faster than Firefox on Microsoft Windows since many of its components are built into Windows and are loaded during system startup.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

Licensing

Firefox is an open-source application, tri-licensed under the Mozilla Public License (MPL), GNU General Public License (GPL), and the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). The licenses permit anyone to view the source code, as well as modifying and redistributing it (though with trademark restrictions). Netscape and Flock are examples of software based on Firefox code.

In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL.^[47] The Free Software Foundation (FSF) criticizes the MPL for being weak copyleft; the license permits, in limited ways, proprietary, derivative works. Code under the MPL also cannot be legally linked with code under the GPL or the LGPL.^[48]^[49] To address these concerns, Mozilla tri-licensed Firefox under the MPL, GPL, and LGPL, which permits developers to use whichever license they wish in creating derivative works. The effect of the tri-licensing is that developers can legally link Firefox code with GPL or LGPL code, but still allows them to create proprietary, derivative works (though not both at once). ^[47]

The FSF considers the official Firefox binaries released by Mozilla to not be free software because they include the proprietary crash reporter Talkback, have trademark restrictions on the Firefox name and artwork, and force the user to accept a clickwrap agreement (the latter only applies to the Windows version).^[50] Google and Mozilla developers are working on Airbag, an open-source replacement for Talkback, that will allow official Firefox builds to be entirely free of proprietary software.^[51]

In September 2006, Mozilla requested Debian not to use the official Firefox name for its own patched version. Mozilla requires that distribution of builds called "Firefox" include the official artwork and that any changes made to the Firefox code required approval by Mozilla. Since the official artwork is trademarked and copyrighted, thus going against the Debian Free Software Guidelines, and since Debian didn't want to go through Mozilla to make changes, Debian decided to fork Firefox into IceWeasel.^[52]

Market adoption

Usage share

Statistics reference: Usage share of web browsers

Web-surfers have adopted Firefox rapidly, despite the dominance of Internet Explorer in the browser market. Internet Explorer has seen a steady decline of its usage share since Firefox's release. According to several sources (as listed in statistics reference), by July 2006, Firefox had around 12% of global usage share.

Europe, according to a study released by the firm XiTi on 2006-06-16, generally had higher percentages of Firefox use, with an average of 20%.^[53]

Download count

Downloads have continued at a steady rate since Firefox 1.0 was released in November 2004. No other Mozilla Foundation product has experienced such growth.^[54]

**Downloads of Firefox 1.x and 2.x since November 9 2004**
Date	Number of days	Downloads (millions)	Download Rate (thousands/day)
November 10 2004	1	1^[55]	1000
February 16 2005	99	25^[56]	253
April 29 2005	171	50^[57]	292
July 26 2005	259	75^[58]	290
October 19 2005	344	100^[59]	291
March 3 2006	479	150^[60]	313
July 31 2006	629	200^[61]	318
November 11 2006	732	250^[62]	342

These numbers^[63] do not include downloads using software updates or from third-party websites. They do not repr

^ "Firefox 124.0.2, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
^ "Firefox ESR 115.9.1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". 22 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
^ "Index of /pub/firefox/releases/125.0b9/". 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
^ "Firefox Nightly 126.0a1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
^ "Mozilla contributors list". Mozilla.org. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
^ Firefox FAQ. mozilla.org.
^ Hesseldahl, Arik (September 29 2004). "Better Browser Now The Best". Forbes. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
^ Mossberg, Walter S. (September 16 2004). "How to Protect Yourself From Vandals, Viruses If You Use Windows". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) "I suggest dumping Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser, which has a history of security breaches. I recommend instead Mozilla Firefox, which is free at www.mozilla.org. It's not only more secure but also more modern and advanced, with tabbed browsing, which allows multiple pages to be open on one screen, and a better pop-up ad blocker than the belated one Microsoft recently added to IE."
^ Stross, Randall (December 19 2004). "The Fox Is in Microsoft's Henhouse (and Salivating)". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) "With Firefox, open-source software moves from back-office obscurity to your home, and to your parents', too. (Your children in college are already using it.)"
^ Over 2 Million People Using Firefox 2 in the First 24 Hours
^ "Global usage share Mozilla Firefox has increased according to OneStat.com". OneStat.com. 2006-07-09. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "mozilla development roadmap". Retrieved 2006-10-08.
^ Mozilla holds 'fire' in naming fight. CNET News.com.
^ "FX2 Visual Update". 2006-07-11. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) A page showing the various bits of visual update.
^ "Firefox2/Features". 2006-07-06. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) A table that lists and links the intended features for Firefox 2.
^ "Mozilla Cairo Vector Graphics". mozillaZine.. A page describing the future usage of Cairo.
^ "Google Groups: mozilla.dev.planning". Retrieved 2006-09-17.
^ "Gran Paradiso Alpha 1 available for download".
^ "ReleaseRoadmap". 2006-11-08. Retrieved 2006-12-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Places". 2006-10-16. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Berger, Adam (2006-06-15). "Firefox 3.0 will not support Windows 98 or ME". gadgetell. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "Gecko 1.9 Roadmap". Retrieved 2006-09-17.
^ "Mac:Cocoa Widgets". Retrieved 2006-11-13.
^ "Firefox/Feature Brainstorming". 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Eich, Brendan (2006-10-13). "Mozilla 2". Retrieved 2006-09-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Eich, Brendan (2006-11-07). "Project Tamarin". Retrieved 2006-11-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Firefox Passes Acid2. TechSpot Weblog.
^ FreshPorts entry on Firefox. freshports.org.
^ Mozilla X64 website
^ Web Developer Site
^ Time to Dump Internet Explorer. SecurityFocus.
^ CNET editors' review for Mozilla Firefox. C|Net Reviews.
^ Are the Browser Wars Back?. Slate.
^ Switching from Internet Explorer to Mozilla Firefox. mozilla.com.
^ Firefox Sports More Bugs, But IE Takes 9 Times Longer To Patch, TechWeb.
^ Symantec adjusts browser bug count, InfoWorld
^ Privacy & Security Preferences - SSL. mozilla.org.
^ Firefox 1.5: Not Ready For Prime Time? InternetWeek.
^ Bug 319262 - Significant memory leak. Mozilla.org Bugzilla.
^ Problematic Extensions. MozillaZine Knowledge Base
^ Acrobat Reader Plug-in information. MozillaZine Knowledge Base
^ Which New Browser Is Best: Firefox 2, Internet Explorer 7, or Opera 9?. PC Magazine.
^ Review: Radically New IE7 or Updated Mozilla Firefox 2--Which Browser is Better?. PC World.
^ IE 7 vs IE 6. Zimbra.
^ "Mozilla Firefox Review". Softpedia. Retrieved 2006-09-22.
^ HowtoCreate.co.uk Browser Speed Comparisons
^ ^a ^b Mozilla Foundation MPL Relicensing FAQ [2]
^ Richard Stallman. On the Netscape Public License. http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/netscape-npl.html
^ GNU comments on MPL [3]
^ Free Software Directory: Firefox [4]
^ Deploying the Airbag. BSBlog (Mozilla developer Benjamin Smedberg's weblog).
^ Debian bug report log #354622: "[packages 'firefox' and 'thunderbird'] use Mozilla Firefox trademark without permission" [5]
^ Template:PDFlink
^ Firefox and more: the graphs (part 1). Asa Dotzler's weblog.
^ 1,000,000+ downloads on day 1
^ firefox 25,000,000
^ celebrating 50 million firefox downloads
^ Firefox Exceeds 75 million Downloads
^ firefox hits one hundred million downloads
^ 150 million and counting!
^ Firefox 200 Million Downloads - what it means
^ 250000000 downloads!
^ http://feeds.spreadfirefox.com/downloads/firefox.xml

[wikidata-798bcd2670c94cc2efc0a798c6d61ac5947d066f-v11-1] "Firefox 124.0.2, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

[wikidata-4deb060e680bdef085faf34949a809e47b7b2fbd-v11-2] "Firefox ESR 115.9.1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". 22 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.

[wikidata-676374bb2c6d325a61a797396a2e13f16deaf521-v11-3] "Index of /pub/firefox/releases/125.0b9/". 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.

[wikidata-15bf1281b44bc2bdb26e798357293d7c878771bf-v11-4] "Firefox Nightly 126.0a1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes". 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

[volunteerlist-5] "Mozilla contributors list". Mozilla.org. Retrieved 2006-10-17.

[6] Firefox FAQ. mozilla.org.

[forbesacclaim-7] Hesseldahl, Arik (September 29 2004). "Better Browser Now The Best". Forbes. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)

[wsjacclaim-8] Mossberg, Walter S. (September 16 2004). "How to Protect Yourself From Vandals, Viruses If You Use Windows". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) "I suggest dumping Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser, which has a history of security breaches. I recommend instead Mozilla Firefox, which is free at www.mozilla.org. It's not only more secure but also more modern and advanced, with tabbed browsing, which allows multiple pages to be open on one screen, and a better pop-up ad blocker than the belated one Microsoft recently added to IE."

[nytmostusedossapp-9] Stross, Randall (December 19 2004). "The Fox Is in Microsoft's Henhouse (and Salivating)". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) "With Firefox, open-source software moves from back-office obscurity to your home, and to your parents', too. (Your children in college are already using it.)"

[10] Over 2 Million People Using Firefox 2 in the First 24 Hours

[11] "Global usage share Mozilla Firefox has increased according to OneStat.com". OneStat.com. 2006-07-09. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[12] "mozilla development roadmap". Retrieved 2006-10-08.

[13] Mozilla holds 'fire' in naming fight. CNET News.com.

[14] "FX2 Visual Update". 2006-07-11. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) A page showing the various bits of visual update.

[15] "Firefox2/Features". 2006-07-06. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) A table that lists and links the intended features for Firefox 2.

[16] "Mozilla Cairo Vector Graphics". mozillaZine.. A page describing the future usage of Cairo.

[17] "Google Groups: mozilla.dev.planning". Retrieved 2006-09-17.

[18] "Gran Paradiso Alpha 1 available for download".

[19] "ReleaseRoadmap". 2006-11-08. Retrieved 2006-12-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[20] "Places". 2006-10-16. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[21] Berger, Adam (2006-06-15). "Firefox 3.0 will not support Windows 98 or ME". gadgetell. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[22] "Gecko 1.9 Roadmap". Retrieved 2006-09-17.

[23] "Mac:Cocoa Widgets". Retrieved 2006-11-13.

[24] "Firefox/Feature Brainstorming". 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[25] Eich, Brendan (2006-10-13). "Mozilla 2". Retrieved 2006-09-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[26] Eich, Brendan (2006-11-07). "Project Tamarin". Retrieved 2006-11-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[27] Firefox Passes Acid2. TechSpot Weblog.

[freshportsfirefox-28] FreshPorts entry on Firefox. freshports.org.

[mozillax86site-29] Mozilla X64 website

[webdevelopersite-30] Web Developer Site

[securityfocus-31] Time to Dump Internet Explorer. SecurityFocus.

[securitycnet-32] CNET editors' review for Mozilla Firefox. C|Net Reviews.

[securityslate-33] Are the Browser Wars Back?. Slate.

[securitymozilla-34] Switching from Internet Explorer to Mozilla Firefox. mozilla.com.

[morebugs-35] Firefox Sports More Bugs, But IE Takes 9 Times Longer To Patch, TechWeb.

[36] Symantec adjusts browser bug count, InfoWorld

[37] Privacy & Security Preferences - SSL. mozilla.org.

[memoryleak-38] Firefox 1.5: Not Ready For Prime Time? InternetWeek.

[fastback-39] Bug 319262 - Significant memory leak. Mozilla.org Bugzilla.

[problematicextensions-40] Problematic Extensions. MozillaZine Knowledge Base

[acrobatmemoryuse-41] Acrobat Reader Plug-in information. MozillaZine Knowledge Base

[memorycomparison-42] Which New Browser Is Best: Firefox 2, Internet Explorer 7, or Opera 9?. PC Magazine.

[43] Review: Radically New IE7 or Updated Mozilla Firefox 2--Which Browser is Better?. PC World.

[44] IE 7 vs IE 6. Zimbra.

[45] "Mozilla Firefox Review". Softpedia. Retrieved 2006-09-22.

[speedcmp-46] HowtoCreate.co.uk Browser Speed Comparisons

[mozrelicensing-47] Mozilla Foundation MPL Relicensing FAQ [2]

[48] Richard Stallman. On the Netscape Public License. http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/netscape-npl.html

[49] GNU comments on MPL [3]

[50] Free Software Directory: Firefox [4]

[51] Deploying the Airbag. BSBlog (Mozilla developer Benjamin Smedberg's weblog).

[52] Debian bug report log #354622: "[packages 'firefox' and 'thunderbird'] use Mozilla Firefox trademark without permission" [5]

[53] Template:PDFlink

[stablegrowth-54] Firefox and more: the graphs (part 1). Asa Dotzler's weblog.

[55] 1,000,000+ downloads on day 1

[56] refox 25,000,000

[57] rating 50 million firefox downloads

[58] Firefox Exceeds 75 million Downloads

[59] refox hits one hundred million downloads

[60] 150 million and counting!

[61] Firefox 200 Million Downloads - what it means

[62] 250000000 downloads!

[63] ttp://feeds.spreadfirefox.com/downloads/firefox.xml

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