Netball in the Cook Islands: Difference between revisions

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{{Sport overview
  
{{Sport overview
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| country = Cook Islands
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| country = Cook Islands
 
| sport = netball
  
| sport = netball
 
| image = Flag of the Cook Islands.svg
  
| image = Flag of the Cook Islands.svg
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| imagesize = 260px
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| imagesize = 260px
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| caption = Flag of the Cook Islands
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| caption = Flag of the Cook Islands
 
| union = Cook Islands Netball Association
  
| union = Cook Islands Netball Association
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| nickname =
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| nickname =
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| registered =<!--Number of registered players in the country.!-->
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| registered = <!--Number of registered players in the country.!-->
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| clubs =<!--Number of registered teams in the country.!-->
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| clubs = <!--Number of registered teams in the country.!-->
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| first =<!--First played in the country.!-->
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| first = <!--First played in the country.!-->
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| match =<!--First played in the country.!-->
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| match = <!--First played in the country.!-->
 
| league =
 
| league =
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| national1 = CI Netball Association Incorporated
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| national1 = CI Netball Association Incorporated
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| club1 =<!--Name of a team in this competition!-->
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| club1 = <!--Name of a team in this competition!-->
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| club2 =<!--Name of a team in this competition!-->
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| club2 = <!--Name of a team in this competition!-->
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| national2 = CI Golden Oldies Netball Association
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| national2 = CI Golden Oldies Netball Association
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| national3 =<!--Name of a national competition!-->
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| national3 = <!--Name of a national competition!-->
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| national4 =<!--Name of a national competition!-->
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| national4 = <!--Name of a national competition!-->
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| countryflag = Cook Islands
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| countryflag = Cook Islands
 
}}
  
}}
 
The [[Cook Islands]] are a major [[netball]] playing country in [[Oceania]].<ref name=NS-timeline>{{harvnb|Netball Singapore|2011b}}</ref> The game became popular during the 1970s,<ref name=Lal-258>{{harvnb|Lal|Fortune|2000|p=458}}</ref> and the team has been an important in the region since then.<ref name=Crocombe-13>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}}</ref> The country has participated at several international events including the [[Pacific Games]],<ref name=Crocombe-13/> the [[Commonwealth Games]],<ref name=Crocombe-54>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=54}}</ref> the [[World Games]],<ref name=Crocombe-13/> the Oceania Netball Tournament,<ref name=Crocombe-13/> the [[Netball World Youth Championship]],<ref name=NS-timeline/> and the International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.<ref name=samoa-men>{{harvnb|Samoa Observer|2011}}</ref> The women's national team is one of the top ranked in the world.<ref name=ifna-ranking>{{harvnb|International Federation of Netball Associations|2011a}}</ref>
  
The [[Cook Islands]] are a major [[netball]] playing country in [[Oceania]].<ref name=NS-timeline>{{harvnb|Netball Singapore|2011b}}</ref> The game became popular during the 1970s,<ref name=Lal-258>{{harvnb|Lal|Fortune|2000|p=458}}</ref> and the team has been an important in the region since then.<ref name=Crocombe-13>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}}</ref> The country has participated at several international events including the [[Pacific Games]],<ref name=Crocombe-13/> the [[Commonwealth Games]],<ref name=Crocombe-54>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=54}}</ref> the [[World Games]],<ref name=Crocombe-13/> the Oceania Netball Tournament,<ref name=Crocombe-13/> the [[Netball World Youth Championship]],<ref name=NS-timeline/> and the International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.<ref name=samoa-men>{{harvnb|Samoa Observer|2011}}</ref> The women's national team is one of the top ranked in the world.<ref name=ifna-ranking>{{harvnb|International Federation of Netball Associations|2011a}}</ref>
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==World stage==
  
==World stage==
 
[[File:Cook islands netball team colours.png|thumb|Colours of the national team uniform|alt=Green uniform of the Cook Islands national netball team|left]]
  
[[File:Cook islands netball team colours.png|thumb|Colours of the national team uniform|alt=Green uniform of the Cook Islands national netball team|left]]
  ⚫
Participating in the international netball community has helped raise the [[Cook Islands]] profile globally.<ref name=Sissions-128>{{harvnb|Sissions|1999|p=128}}</ref> In 1986, the government provided $20,000 to help fund the team travel to the [[1986 Commonwealth Games]] in Scotland.<ref name=Crocombe-54>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=54}}</ref> The [[1987 Netball World Championships]] were also held in [[Scotland]], and the Cook Islands team came in sixth.<ref name=Crocombe-13/> At the [[World Games 1989]] in Germany, the team came fourth.<ref name=Crocombe-13/> In the 1990 Oceania Netball Tournament, the team beat New Zealand, [[Tonga]] and Fiji to come in second, behind [[Australia]].<ref name=Crocombe-13>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}}</ref> At the 1992 World Youth Cup in [[Samoa]], the Cook Islands U-21 team beat several high profile international teams include Wales, Samoa, and England.<ref name=Sissions-128/> The Cook Islands defeat of [[Canada]], 114-13, in that tournament was a record for the highest point scored in the tournament.<ref name=Sissions-128/> The Cook Islands has a national team that competes in the international Golden Oldies netball tournament.<ref name=Crocombe-2007>{{harvnb|Crocombe|2007|p=427}}</ref>
−
Participating in the international netball community has helped raise the [[Cook Islands]] profile globally.<ref name=Sissions-128>{{harvnb|Sissions|1999|p=128}}</ref>
  
−  
⚫
In 1986, the government provided $20,000 to help fund the team travel to the [[1986 Commonwealth Games]] in Scotland.<ref name=Crocombe-54>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=54}}</ref> The [[1987 Netball World Championships]] were also held in [[Scotland]], and the Cook Islands team came in sixth.<ref name=Crocombe-13/> At the [[World Games 1989]] in Germany, the team came fourth.<ref name=Crocombe-13/> In the 1990 Oceania Netball Tournament, the team beat New Zealand, [[Tonga]] and Fiji to come in second, behind [[Australia]].<ref name=Crocombe-13>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}}</ref> At the 1992 World Youth Cup in [[Samoa]], the Cook Islands U-21 team beat several high profile international teams include Wales, Samoa, and England.<ref name=Sissions-128/> The Cook Islands defeat of [[Canada]], 114-13, in that tournament was a record for the highest point scored in the tournament.<ref name=Sissions-128/>
 
   
 
The country hosted the IFNA Netball World Youth Championship in 2009,<ref name=NS-timeline /> and the 2009 International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.<ref name=samoa-men/> As of January 2011, the women's national team was ranked number eleven in the world.<ref name=ifna-ranking/>
  
The country hosted the IFNA Netball World Youth Championship in 2009,<ref name=NS-timeline /> and the 2009 International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.<ref name=samoa-men/> As of January 2011, the women's national team was ranked number eleven in the world.<ref name=ifna-ranking/>
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Netball has a large amount of grass roots support in the Cook Islands. Netball plays an important part of the fabric life for many girls in the Cook Islands. For their social activities, rather than go to bars, they play netball and go to church.<ref name=Alexeyeff-45>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=145}}</ref><ref name=Alexeyeff-85>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=85}}</ref> Netball games are most often played by girls on Saturdays<ref name=Alexeyeff-16>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=16}}</ref><ref name=mackinnon-51>{{harvnb|MacKinnon|2009|p=51}}</ref> during the winter, though games can be played at all times of the year.<ref name=mackinnon-51/> Female players who make the national team are treated like minor celebrities.<ref name=Alexeyeff-64>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=64}}</ref>
  
Netball has a large amount of grass roots support in the Cook Islands. Netball plays an important part of the fabric life for many girls in the Cook Islands. For their social activities, rather than go to bars, they play netball and go to church.<ref name=Alexeyeff-45>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=145}}</ref><ref name=Alexeyeff-85>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=85}}</ref> Netball games are most often played by girls on Saturdays<ref name=Alexeyeff-16>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=16}}</ref><ref name=mackinnon-51>{{harvnb|MacKinnon|2009|p=51}}</ref> during the winter, though games can be played at all times of the year.<ref name=mackinnon-51/> Female players who make the national team are treated like minor celebrities.<ref name=Alexeyeff-64>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=64}}</ref>
   
−
Traditionally, at village feast days, several sport competitions are held including sports like netball, rugby and dance.<ref name=Alexeyeff-171>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=171}}</ref> At the Easter sports day, organised by the [[Christian Youth Organization]], traditional roles are exchanged and boys play netball while girls play rugby. During this sporting event, the boys crossdress and wear the uniforms that are traditionally worn by women.<ref name=Alexeyeff-110>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=110}}</ref>
 +
Traditionally, at village feast days, several sport competitions are held including sports like netball, rugby and dance.<ref name=Alexeyeff-171>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=171}}</ref> At the Easter sports day, organised by the [[Christian Youth Organization]], traditional roles are exchanged and boys play netball while girls play rugby. During this sporting event, the boys crossdress and wear the uniforms that are traditionally worn by women.<ref name=Alexeyeff-110>{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=110}}</ref><ref name=Donnan-123>{{harvnb|Donnan|Magowan|2009|p=123}}</ref><ref name=Donnan-123/><ref group="note">Most of the men and boys who play in these gender subverting netball games are straight, though a few of the men are laelae.</ref>
   
 
CI Golden Oldies Netball Association is a local league in the Cook Islands.<ref name=Crocombe-13>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}}</ref> Its is part of a network of leagues for various sports aimed at seniors.<ref name=hunt-47>{{harvnb|Berry|Hunt|2006|p=47}}</ref>
  
CI Golden Oldies Netball Association is a local league in the Cook Islands.<ref name=Crocombe-13>{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}}</ref> Its is part of a network of leagues for various sports aimed at seniors.<ref name=hunt-47>{{harvnb|Berry|Hunt|2006|p=47}}</ref>
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==References==
  
==References==
 
{{reflist|2}}
  
{{reflist|2}}
  +
  +
==Notes==
  +
<references group="note" />
   
 
==Bibliography==
  
==Bibliography==
 
{{refbegin|1}}
  
{{refbegin|1}}
 
* {{Cite book |last=Alexeyeff |first=Kalissa |title=Dancing from the heart : movement, gender, and Cook Islands globalization |year=2009 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=9780824832445 |oclc=0824832442|ref=harv}}
  
* {{Cite book |last=Alexeyeff |first=Kalissa |title=Dancing from the heart : movement, gender, and Cook Islands globalization |year=2009 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=9780824832445 |oclc=0824832442|ref=harv}}
−
* {{Cite book |last1=Berry|first2=Oliver |last2=Hunt |first1=Errol |title=Rarotonga & the Cook Islands |year=2006 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=174059083X |oclc=456554706 |ref=harv}}
 +
* {{Cite book |last1=Berry|first1=Oliver |last2=Hunt |first2=Errol |title=Rarotonga & the Cook Islands |year=2006 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=174059083X |oclc=456554706 |ref=harv}}
 
* {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Pacific neighbours : New Zealand's relations with other Pacific Islands : Aotearoa me Nga Moutere o te Moana Nui a Kiwa |year=1992 |publisher=Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury : Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific |isbn=9820200784 |oclc=28814021|ref=harv}}
  
* {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Pacific neighbours : New Zealand's relations with other Pacific Islands : Aotearoa me Nga Moutere o te Moana Nui a Kiwa |year=1992 |publisher=Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury : Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific |isbn=9820200784 |oclc=28814021|ref=harv}}
  +
* {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Asia in the Pacific Islands : replacing the West |year=2007 |publisher=CIPS Publications, University of the South Pacific |isbn=9820203880 |oclc=213886360 |ref=harv}}
 
* {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Voluntary service and development in the Cook Islands |year=1990 |publisher=Cook Islands Extension Centre : Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific |isbn=9820200237 |oclc=28814053 |ref=harv}}
  
* {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Voluntary service and development in the Cook Islands |year=1990 |publisher=Cook Islands Extension Centre : Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific |isbn=9820200237 |oclc=28814053 |ref=harv}}
  +
* {{Cite book |last1=Donnan |first1=Hastings|last2=Magowan |first2=Fiona |title=Transgressive sex : subversion and control in erotic encounters |year=2009 |series=Fertility, reproduction, and sexuality |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=9781845455392 |oclc=227033742 |ref=harv}}
 
* {{cite web |author=International Federation of Netball Associations |title=Current World Rankings |year=2011|url=http://www.netball.org/IFNA.aspx?id=94 |year=2011a |month=January |day=21 |accessdate=4 March 2011 |ref=harv}}
  
* {{cite web |author=International Federation of Netball Associations |title=Current World Rankings |year=2011|url=http://www.netball.org/IFNA.aspx?id=94 |year=2011a |month=January |day=21 |accessdate=4 March 2011 |ref=harv}}
 
* {{Cite book |last1=Lal |first1=Brij Vilash |last2=Fortune |first2=Kate |title=The Pacific islands : an encyclopedia |publisher=University of Hawai'i press |year=2000 |isbn=082482265X |oclc=468583962 |ref=harv}}
  
* {{Cite book |last1=Lal |first1=Brij Vilash |last2=Fortune |first2=Kate |title=The Pacific islands : an encyclopedia |publisher=University of Hawai'i press |year=2000 |isbn=082482265X |oclc=468583962 |ref=harv}}

Revision as of 01:49, 6 March 2011

Netball in the Cook Islands
Flag of the Cook Islands.svg
Flag of the Cook Islands
CountryCook Islands
Governing bodyCook Islands Netball Association
National team(s)Cook Islands

The Cook Islands are a major netball playing country in Oceania.[1] The game became popular during the 1970s,[2] and the team has been an important in the region since then.[3] The country has participated at several international events including the Pacific Games,[3] the Commonwealth Games,[4] the World Games,[3] the Oceania Netball Tournament,[3] the Netball World Youth Championship,[1] and the International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.[5] The women's national team is one of the top ranked in the world.[6]

History and development

Netball started to grow in popularity during the 1970s.[2] The sport's popularity is partly due to the influence of New Zealand, where Cook Island players have competed for New Zealand's national team. One such player was Margharet Matenga, who joined the Silver Ferns in 1979.[2] Another was Anna Noovao, who was the captain of the New Zealand side in 1992.[7] New Zealand worked hard to develop the sport in the country during the 1980s, when they hosted a number of coaching and umpiring clinics.[2]

Continuing growth of the game in the region was at times hampered by the fact that the sport is not an Olympic Games one. This lack of recognition meant it was hard to find money to cover costs.[8]

Oceania

The Cook Islands won the netball competition at the first South Pacific Games, now Pacific Games, held in 1981.[3] The Cook Islands had their first win in the tournament 1983, when they beat Fiji.[2]

World stage

Green uniform of the Cook Islands national netball team
Colours of the national team uniform

Participating in the international netball community has helped raise the Cook Islands profile globally.[7] In 1986, the government provided $20,000 to help fund the team travel to the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Scotland.[4] The 1987 Netball World Championships were also held in Scotland, and the Cook Islands team came in sixth.[3] At the World Games 1989 in Germany, the team came fourth.[3] In the 1990 Oceania Netball Tournament, the team beat New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji to come in second, behind Australia.[3] At the 1992 World Youth Cup in Samoa, the Cook Islands U-21 team beat several high profile international teams include Wales, Samoa, and England.[7] The Cook Islands defeat of Canada, 114-13, in that tournament was a record for the highest point scored in the tournament.[7] The Cook Islands has a national team that competes in the international Golden Oldies netball tournament.[9]

The country hosted the IFNA Netball World Youth Championship in 2009,[1] and the 2009 International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.[5] As of January 2011, the women's national team was ranked number eleven in the world.[6]

International competitive history

The table below contains some of the Cook Islands results in international competitions.

Year(s) Competition Result
1987 Netball World Championships Sixth[7][3]
1989 World Games Fourth[3]
1990 Oceania Netball Tournament Second[3]
1992 World Youth Cup Third[7]

Grass roots

Netball has a large amount of grass roots support in the Cook Islands. Netball plays an important part of the fabric life for many girls in the Cook Islands. For their social activities, rather than go to bars, they play netball and go to church.[10][11] Netball games are most often played by girls on Saturdays[12][13] during the winter, though games can be played at all times of the year.[13] Female players who make the national team are treated like minor celebrities.[14]

Traditionally, at village feast days, several sport competitions are held including sports like netball, rugby and dance.[15] At the Easter sports day, organised by the Christian Youth Organization, traditional roles are exchanged and boys play netball while girls play rugby. During this sporting event, the boys crossdress and wear the uniforms that are traditionally worn by women.[16][17][17][note 1]

CI Golden Oldies Netball Association is a local league in the Cook Islands.[3] Its is part of a network of leagues for various sports aimed at seniors.[18]

There are at least three netball courts on the island of Atiu, which has a population of around 650. The netball and tennis rivalries between villagers on the island is fierce, and they built the netball facilities to help them win.[19] The island has nine tennis courts, which get used more for playing netball, volleyball and soccer than tennis.[20] In 1990, CI Netball Association Incorporated included about 15 clubs, all based in the southern islands group.[21]

Men's netball

Unlike some countries, the growth of men's netball is hampered by cultural bias against it; when parents see their boys playing it, they actively discourage them from continuing.[22] Despite this, the Cook Islands also has a men's national team that has competed in the 2009 and 2011 International Challenge Men’s and Mixed Netball Tournament.[5] The popularity of netball is growing amongst men on the island, as sport is an important way of villages keeping in touch with each other.[13]

People

There have been several people have been important in terms of helping to develop the game in the Cook Islands and to raise the profile of the country internationally. They include Anna Noovao,[7] who was the captain of the 1992 New Zealand side. They also include Margharet Matenga, who was the first Cook Islands player to play for New Zealand's national team.[2] They also include Mamia, who had been the secretary to the Cook Islands Netball Association for six years.[23] Mamia was also an umpire, and an umpire examiner for the Oceania region. In support of this, she attended South Pacific Games in Micronesia, the Commonwealth Games in Malaysia, and the Olympic Games in Sydney.[23] Beyond this, Mamia had been a national representative for teams that had competed in the South Pacific Games during the 1980s.[23]

References

  1. ^ a b c Netball Singapore 2011b
  2. ^ a b c d e f Lal & Fortune 2000, p. 458
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Crocombe 1990, p. 13
  4. ^ a b Crocombe 1990, p. 54
  5. ^ a b c Samoa Observer 2011
  6. ^ a b International Federation of Netball Associations 2011a
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Sissions 1999, p. 128
  8. ^ Crocombe 1992, p. 156
  9. ^ Crocombe 2007, p. 427
  10. ^ Alexeyeff 2009, p. 145
  11. ^ Alexeyeff 2009, p. 85
  12. ^ Alexeyeff 2009, p. 16
  13. ^ a b c MacKinnon 2009, p. 51
  14. ^ Alexeyeff 2009, p. 64
  15. ^ Alexeyeff 2009, p. 171
  16. ^ Alexeyeff 2009, p. 110
  17. ^ a b Donnan & Magowan 2009, p. 123
  18. ^ Berry & Hunt 2006, p. 47
  19. ^ Stanley 2004, p. 370
  20. ^ Berry & Hunt 2006, p. 122
  21. ^ Crocombe 1990, p. 14
  22. ^ Momoedonu 2008
  23. ^ a b c Alexeyeff 2009, p. 5

Notes

  1. ^ Most of the men and boys who play in these gender subverting netball games are straight, though a few of the men are laelae.

Bibliography

  • Alexeyeff, Kalissa (2009). Dancing from the heart : movement, gender, and Cook Islands globalization. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824832445. OCLC 0824832442.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Berry, Oliver; Hunt, Errol (2006). Rarotonga & the Cook Islands. Lonely Planet. ISBN 174059083X. OCLC 456554706.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Crocombe, R G (1992). Pacific neighbours : New Zealand's relations with other Pacific Islands : Aotearoa me Nga Moutere o te Moana Nui a Kiwa. Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury : Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 9820200784. OCLC 28814021.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Crocombe, R G (2007). Asia in the Pacific Islands : replacing the West. CIPS Publications, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 9820203880. OCLC 213886360.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Crocombe, R G (1990). Voluntary service and development in the Cook Islands. Cook Islands Extension Centre : Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific. ISBN 9820200237. OCLC 28814053.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Donnan, Hastings; Magowan, Fiona (2009). Transgressive sex : subversion and control in erotic encounters. Fertility, reproduction, and sexuality. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781845455392. OCLC 227033742.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • International Federation of Netball Associations (2011a). "Current World Rankings". Retrieved 4 March 2011. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |day= ignored (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Lal, Brij Vilash; Fortune, Kate (2000). The Pacific islands : an encyclopedia. University of Hawai'i press. ISBN 082482265X. OCLC 468583962.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • MacKinnon, Rowan (2009). South Pacific [the only guide to the entire South Pacific]. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741047868. OCLC 610105853.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Momoedonu, Tevita (2008). "Teva Vows to Spread Men Netball". Retrieved 1 March 2011. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |day= ignored (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Netball Singapore (2011b). "Milestones". Retrieved 1 March 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Samoa Observer (2011). "A journey of a thousand miles begins for Samoa national men's netball team". Samoa Observer. Retrieved 2 March 2011. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |day= ignored (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Sissions, Jeffrey (1999). Nation and destination : creating Cook Islands identity. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. ISBN 982020142X. OCLC 248422251.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Stanley, David (2004). South Pacific handbook. Avalon Travel. ISBN 1566914116. OCLC 224404243.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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