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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{short description|American computer businessman and politician}}
{{Use American English|date = April 2019}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
|name=Ron Unz
|name=Ron Unz
|birth_name=Ron Keeva Unz
|birth_name=Ron Keeva Unz
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|9|20}}
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|9|20}}
|birth_place=[[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]], [[California]], United States
|birth_place=[[North Hollywood, Los Angeles|North Hollywood]], California, United States
|alma_mater=[[Harvard University]]<br />[[University of Cambridge]]
|alma_mater=[[Harvard University]]<br />[[University of Cambridge]]
|party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|party=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
|occupation=[[Businessman]], [[political activist]], [[writer]]
|occupation=Businessman, political activist, writer
}}
}}


'''Ron Keeva Unz''' (born September 20, 1961) is a former [[businessman]], best known for an unsuccessful race in the [[1994 California gubernatorial election|California gubernatorial election, 1994]], and for sponsoring propositions promoting structured [[English language|English]] immersion education. He was [[publisher]] of ''[[The American Conservative]]'' from March 2007 to August 2013. He now publishes ''The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection: A Collection of Interesting, Important, and Controversial Perspectives Largely Excluded from the American Mainstream Media''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unz.com/|title=''The Unz Review''|publisher=unz.com|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}</ref>
'''Ron Keeva Unz''' (born September 20, 1961) is a former American businessman, known for an unsuccessful race in the [[1994 California gubernatorial election|California gubernatorial election, 1994]], and for sponsoring propositions promoting structured English immersion education. He was publisher of ''[[The American Conservative]]'' from March 2007 to August 2013. He now publishes ''The Unz Review'', an online publication known, according to the [[Anti-Defamation League]] and the US website of ''[[The Spectator]]'', for its anti-semitism and [[Holocaust denial]].<ref name="ADL2018">{{cite web |title=California Entrepreneur Ron Unz Launches a Series of Rhetorical Attacks on Jews – Anti-Defamation League |website=Anti-Defamation League |url=https://www.adl.org/blog/california-entrepreneur-ron-unz-launches-a-series-of-rhetorical-attacks-on-jews|date=October 4, 2018|access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sixsmith">{{cite news|last=Sixsmith|first=Ben|url=https://spectator.us/ron-unz/|title=The curious case of Ron Unz|work=The Spectator|date=September 15, 2018|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==
Of Jewish descent and raised in a [[Yiddish]] speaking household,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hornblower |first1=Margot |title=The Man Behind Prop. 227 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/06/01/time/prop.277.html |accessdate=9 June 2018 |work=CNN |date=1998-06-08}}</ref> Unz attended [[North Hollywood High School]] and, in his senior year, won first place in the 1979 [[Westinghouse Science Talent Search]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/being-ron-unz-2131367|first=Douglas|title=Being Ron Unz|last=Foster|work=[[LA Weekly]]|date=November 24, 1999}}</ref> He attended [[Harvard University]], earning a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[physics]] and ancient history.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.onenation.org/0698/061498.html|first=Frank|title=The California Entrepreneur who Beat Bilingual Teaching|last=Bruni|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 14, 1998}}</ref> He then went to the [[University of Cambridge]] and eventually to [[Stanford University]] to begin doctoral work in theoretical physics, which he never completed. He was later awarded a master's degree by Stanford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ronunz.org/summary-biography|title=Summary Biography of Ron Unz|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onenation.org/unz.html|title=English for the Children|publisher=}}</ref>
Born in California, to a Ukrainian-Jewish immigrant, Unz was raised in a [[Yiddish]]-speaking household.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hornblower |first1=Margot |title=The Man Behind Prop. 227 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/06/01/time/prop.277.html |accessdate=June 9, 2018 |publisher=CNN |date=June 8, 1998}}</ref> His mother, Esther-Laio Avrutin, met his father on an airplane heading for Israel. A professor from the [[Midwest]], he later briefly became her lover when visiting her on a few occasions in Los Angeles. She unilaterally decided to have a child with him, but Unz's father was already married, and his wife opened a letter from Avrutin telling him about her pregnancy. She was an anti-war activist,<ref name="Miller">Matthew Miller, "This Man Controls California: Ron Unz's Improbable Assault on the Powers That Be in California," ''The New Republic'', July 19, 1999.</ref> who raised her son as a single mother, but Unz was given his father's surname and soon moved back to her family's home after her son's birth.


He says that his childhood as a fatherless child in a single parent household which was on the dole, was a source of "embarrassment and discomfort."<ref name="Miller" /> Unz attended [[North Hollywood High School]] and, in his senior year, won first place in the 1979 [[Westinghouse Science Talent Search]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/news/being-ron-unz-2131367|first=Douglas|title=Being Ron Unz|last=Foster|work=[[LA Weekly]]|date=November 24, 1999}}</ref> He attended [[Harvard University]], earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in [[physics]] and ancient history.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/us/the-california-entrepreneur-who-beat-bilingual-teaching.html|title=The California Entrepreneur who Beat Bilingual Teaching|last=Bruni|first=Frank|date=June 14, 1998|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> He then took graduate courses in [[physics]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] and [[Stanford University]].<ref name=":0" />
Unz worked in the [[banking]] industry writing software for mortgage securities during his studies, and founded a company called [[Wall Street Analytics]] in [[Palo Alto, California]]. In 2006 his company was acquired by the ratings firm [[Moody's]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsainc.com/news/wsa/?news_id=16|title=Moody’s Corporation Acquires Wall Street Analytics|date=December 18, 2006|work=MWSA News|publisher=Moody’s Corporation|accessdate=14 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028152111/http://www.wsainc.com/news/wsa/?news_id=16|archivedate=2007-10-28}}</ref>

Unz worked in the banking industry and wrote software for [[mortgage securities]] during his studies. He founded a company called [[Wall Street Analytics]] in [[Palo Alto, California]]. In 2006 his company was acquired by the ratings firm [[Moody's]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wsainc.com/news/wsa/?news_id=16|title=Moody's Corporation Acquires Wall Street Analytics|date=December 18, 2006|work=MWSA News|publisher=Moody's Corporation|accessdate=September 14, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028152111/http://www.wsainc.com/news/wsa/?news_id=16|archivedate=October 28, 2007}}</ref>


==Political career==
==Political career==
Unz made an unsuccessful bid for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination in the [[California gubernatorial election, 1994]]. He received 707,431 votes (34.3 percent) in the primary race against the [[incumbent]] [[Pete Wilson]], who won the primary with 1,266,832 votes (61.4 percent).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vote96.sos.ca.gov/Vote96/html/stats/SOVp94.htm|title=1994 Statement of Vote|publisher=[[California Secretary of State]]|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222153313/http://vote96.sos.ca.gov/Vote96/html/stats/SOVp94.htm|archivedate=2008-12-22|df=}}</ref> Newspapers referred to Unz's candidacy as a ''Revenge of the Nerds'' and often quoted his claim of a 214 IQ.<ref>Phil Reeves, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/nerds-seek-revenge-in-californian-poll-apathy-marks-the-run-up-to-the-contest-for-governor-writes-phil-reeves-in-los-angeles-1436526.html "'Nerds' seek revenge in Californian poll: Apathy marks the run up to the contest for governor"], ''The Independent'' (Los Angeles), May 17, 1994</ref><ref>Amy Wallace, [http://articles.latimes.com/1994-05-08/news/mn-55185_1 Unlikely Path Led to Wilson Foe's Far-Right Challenge - Politics: A computer 'genius' with a passion for Greek philosophy, Ron Unz has set out to jolt the GOP]. May 8, 1994 ''Los Angeles Times''</ref><ref>Margot Hornblower, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988457,00.html "The Man Behind Prop. 227"], By Frank Bruni, [http://www.time.com Time.com], June 8, 1998</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/14/us/the-california-entrepreneur-who-beat-bilingual-teaching.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=all The California Entrepreneur who Beat Bilingual Teaching], ''New York Times'' June 14, 1998.</ref>
Unz made an unsuccessful bid for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination in the [[California gubernatorial election, 1994]]. He received 707,431 votes (34.3 percent) in the primary race against the incumbent [[Pete Wilson]], who won the primary with 1,266,832 votes (61.4 percent).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vote96.sos.ca.gov/Vote96/html/stats/SOVp94.htm|title=1994 Statement of Vote|publisher=[[California Secretary of State]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222153313/http://vote96.sos.ca.gov/Vote96/html/stats/SOVp94.htm|archivedate=December 22, 2008}}</ref> Newspapers referred to Unz's candidacy as a ''Revenge of the Nerds'' and often quoted his claim of a 214 IQ.<ref>Phil Reeves, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/nerds-seek-revenge-in-californian-poll-apathy-marks-the-run-up-to-the-contest-for-governor-writes-phil-reeves-in-los-angeles-1436526.html "'Nerds' seek revenge in Californian poll: Apathy marks the run up to the contest for governor"], ''The Independent'' (Los Angeles), May 17, 1994</ref><ref>Amy Wallace, [http://articles.latimes.com/1994-05-08/news/mn-55185_1 Unlikely Path Led to Wilson Foe's Far-Right Challenge Politics: A computer 'genius' with a passion for Greek philosophy, Ron Unz has set out to jolt the GOP]. May 8, 1994 ''Los Angeles Times''</ref><ref>Margot Hornblower, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,988457,00.html "The Man Behind Prop. 227"], By Frank Bruni, [http://www.time.com Time.com], June 8, 1998</ref><ref name=":0" />


In 1994, he was opposed to [[California Proposition 187]], a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit [[alien (law)|undocumented immigrants]] from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|
In 1994, he opposed [[California Proposition 187]], a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit [[alien (law)|undocumented immigrants]] from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of California.<ref>{{cite web|
url=http://www.onenation.org/9907/071999.html|
url=http://www.onenation.org/9907/071999.html|
title=Ron Unz's Improbable Assault on the Powers That Be in California |
title=Ron Unz's Improbable Assault on the Powers That Be in California |
Line 25: Line 30:
author=Matthew Miller|
author=Matthew Miller|
date=July 19, 1999|
date=July 19, 1999|
publisher=New Republic}}</ref> During his gubernatorial campaign, Unz was a featured speaker at a 70,000 person anti-Prop. 187 rally held in Los Angeles, which he claims was "the largest pro-immigrant protest in American history." Unz helped organize this event with the assistance of future California Senate President [[Kevin de Leon]].<ref>https://www.unz.com/runz/racial-politics-in-america-and-in-california/</ref>
publisher=New Republic}}</ref> During his gubernatorial campaign, Unz was a featured speaker at a 70,000-person rally against Proposition 187 held in Los Angeles, which he claims was "the largest pro-immigrant protest in American history." Unz helped organize this event with the assistance of future California Senate President [[Kevin de Leon]].<ref>https://www.unz.com/runz/racial-politics-in-america-and-in-california/</ref>{{Better source|date=April 2019|reason=The source is to the website of Ron Unz and so is a primary source, which is not reliable for Wikipedia.}}


In 1998, Unz sponsored [[California Proposition 227 (1998)|California Proposition 227]], which aimed to change the state's [[bilingual education]] to an opt-in structured English language educational system and which was approved by the voters<ref>[http://primary98.sos.ca.gov/VoterGuide/Propositions/227yesarg.htm Arguments in favor] of 1998 [[California Proposition 227 (1998)|California Ballot Proposition 227]]</ref> despite opposition from language education researchers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/krashen_unzFeb9.html|title=CMMR: Notes by Steve Krashen on the Unz Attack|publisher=}}</ref> Proposition 227 did not seek to end bilingual education, as special exemptions were made for students to remain in an English immersion class if a parent so desires. However, there were limits (such as age restrictions) for the exemptions, and there were provisions to discipline teachers that refused to teach solely or predominantly in English.<ref>{{cite book | last = Crawford | first = James | title = At War with Diversity | publisher = Multilingual Matters | location = Clevedon | year = 2000 | isbn = 1-85359-505-5 }}</ref> Proposition 227 was approved in June 1998; it was repealed by [[California Proposition 58 (2016)|Proposition 58]] in November 2016. In 2002, Unz backed a similar initiative, the [[Massachusetts English Language Education in Public Schools Initiative]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston-sub/doc/405491785.html |title=HEATED BATTLE OVER ENGLISH IMMERSION INTENSIFIES |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |page=B.6 |last=Tench |first=Megan |date=November 3, 2002 |accessdate=March 10, 2018 |url-access=limited |via=pqarchiver.com}}</ref> which was approved by voters.
In 1998, Unz sponsored [[California Proposition 227 (1998)|California Proposition 227]], which aimed to change the state's [[bilingual education]] to an opt-in structured English-language educational system ; it was approved by the voters<ref>[http://primary98.sos.ca.gov/VoterGuide/Propositions/227yesarg.htm Arguments in favor] of 1998 [[California Proposition 227 (1998)|California Ballot Proposition 227]]</ref> despite opposition from language education researchers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~cmmr/krashen_unzFeb9.html|title=CMMR: Notes by Steve Krashen on the Unz Attack}}</ref> Proposition 227 did not seek to end bilingual education since special exemptions were made for students to remain in an English immersion class if a parent so desires. However, there were limits (such as age restrictions) for the exemptions, and there were provisions to discipline teachers that refused to teach solely or predominantly in English.<ref>{{cite book | last = Crawford | first = James | title = At War with Diversity | publisher = Multilingual Matters | location = Clevedon | year = 2000 | isbn = 1-85359-505-5 }}</ref> Proposition 227 was approved in June 1998, but it was repealed by [[California Proposition 58 (2016)|Proposition 58]] in November 2016. In 2002, Unz backed a similar initiative, the [[Massachusetts English Language Education in Public Schools Initiative]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston-sub/doc/405491785.html |title=HEATED BATTLE OVER ENGLISH IMMERSION INTENSIFIES |newspaper=[[Boston Globe]] |page=B.6 |last=Tench |first=Megan |date=November 3, 2002 |accessdate=March 10, 2018 |url-access=limited |via=pqarchiver.com}}</ref> which was approved by 61% of the voters.{{Citation needed|date=April 2019}}


The book ''English for the Children: Mandated by the People, Skewed by Politicians and Special Interests'' by Johanna Haver (Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2013) recounts the controversies and political action resulting from Unz's California and subsequent ballot initiatives: Arizona Proposition 203, Colorado Amendment 31, and Massachusetts Question 2.
The book ''English for the Children: Mandated by the People, Skewed by Politicians and Special Interests'' by Johanna Haver (Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2013) recounts the controversies and political action resulting from Unz's California and subsequent ballot initiatives: Arizona Proposition 203, Colorado Amendment 31, and Massachusetts Question 2.


In 2012 and 2014, Unz worked on a ballot initiative to raise the Californian minimum wage from $10 to $12, but his campaign failed.<ref name="nf1">{{cite news |last1=Patterson |first1=Robert |title=The Missing Plank of the GOP Platform: |url=http://familyinamerica.org/journals/fall-2012/missing-plank-gop-platform/ |accessdate=16 June 2018 |publisher=The Natural Family}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Abramsky|first1=Sasha|title=What If the Minimum Wage Were $15 an Hour?|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/what-if-minimum-wage-were-15-hour/|accessdate=29 May 2018|publisher=The Nation|date=8 April 2014}}</ref> His proposal was supported by [[James K. Galbraith]].<ref name="nf1"/>
In 2012 and 2014, Unz worked on a ballot initiative to raise the Californian minimum wage from $10 to $12, but his campaign failed.<ref name="nf1">{{cite news |last1=Patterson |first1=Robert |title=The Missing Plank of the GOP Platform: |url=http://familyinamerica.org/journals/fall-2012/missing-plank-gop-platform/ |accessdate=June 16, 2018 |publisher=The Natural Family}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Abramsky|first1=Sasha|title=What If the Minimum Wage Were $15 an Hour?|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/what-if-minimum-wage-were-15-hour/|accessdate=May 29, 2018|work=The Nation|date=April 8, 2014}}</ref> His proposal was supported by [[James K. Galbraith]].<ref name="nf1"/>


In 2016, Unz started "[[Free Harvard, Fair Harvard]]" campaign, centered on the [[Harvard Board of Overseers]]. Its slate of candidates was Unz, [[Lee Cheng]], [[Stuart Taylor, Jr.]], [[Stephen Hsu]], and [[Ralph Nader]]. The campaign sought for [[tuition fees]] at Harvard to be abolished and for greater transparency in the admissions process.<ref>{{cite news |last=Saul |first=Stephanie |date=14 January 2016 |title=How Some Would Level the Playing Field: Free Harvard Degrees |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/us/a-push-to-make-harvard-free-also-questions-the-role-of-race-in-admissions.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |location= |access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Adamczyk |first=Alicia |date=15 January 2016 |title=Group Says Harvard Tuition Should Be Free for All Students |url=http://time.com/money/4182336/harvard-free-tuition-endowment/ |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |location= |access-date= }}</ref>
An article by Unz for ''The American Conservative'' published in 2012 was entitled "The Myth of American Meritocracy." As well as suggesting Jews are an "alien presence" in the United States, he wrote about the supposed over-representation of Jews at [[Ivy League]] institutions, which he claimed was caused by "Jewish bias" among administrators.<ref name="ADL2014" /> Unz's methodology in the article was disputed by a blogger on the ''[[Algemeiner Journal]]'' and he over-estimated the number of Jews enrolled at Harvard.<ref name="AGM12122013">{{cite news|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2013/12/12/new-york-times-others-praised-anti-semitic-and-slanderous-article/|title=''New York Times'', Others Praised Anti-Semitic and Slanderous Article|work=Algemeiner|date=December 12, 2013|access-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2016, Unz started the "[[Free Harvard, Fair Harvard]]" campaign, centered on the [[Harvard Board of Overseers]]. Its slate of candidates included Unz, [[Lee Cheng]], [[Stuart Taylor, Jr.]], [[Stephen Hsu]], and [[Ralph Nader]]. The campaign sought for [[tuition fees]] at Harvard to be abolished and for greater transparency in the admissions process.<ref>{{cite news |last=Saul |first=Stephanie |date=January 14, 2016 |title=How Some Would Level the Playing Field: Free Harvard Degrees |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/15/us/a-push-to-make-harvard-free-also-questions-the-role-of-race-in-admissions.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Adamczyk |first=Alicia |date=January 15, 2016 |title=Group Says Harvard Tuition Should Be Free for All Students |url=http://time.com/money/4182336/harvard-free-tuition-endowment/ |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] }}</ref>


Unz campaigned on a Republican ticket in California in the 2016 primaries for election to the [[US Senate]] intending to succeed Democrat [[Barbara Boxer]].<ref name="Wildermuth">{{cite news|last=Wildermuth|first=John|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Ron-Unz-s-U-S-Senate-race-raises-concerns-of-7254164.php|title=Ron Unz's U.S. Senate race raises concerns of splintered GOP vote|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=April 17, 2016|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> Having previously supported immigration, he now proposed it "should be sharply reduced, probably by 50% or more."<ref>{{cite news|last=Krikorian|first=Mark|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/ron-unz-immigration-convert/|title=Ron Unz, Immigration Convert|work=National Review|date=May 27, 2016|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> Though not out to win the nomination, he put himself forward in an attempt to challenge the then proposed repeal of Proposition 227.<ref name="Wildermuth" /> In the final result, he gained 64,698 votes (1.3%).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/elections/2016/results/primaries/california|title=California Primary Results, June 7|work=The New York Times|date=September 29, 2016|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>
Unz also started a 2016 campaign for U.S. Senate in California, primarily to bring attention to the effort to repeal Proposition 227.<ref>{{cite news |last=Blood |first=Michael |date=16 March 2016 |title=Republican Ron Unz joins race for Boxer’s US Senate seat |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/16/republican-ron-unz-joins-race-for-boxers-us-senate/ |newspaper=[[Washington Times]] |location= |access-date= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McGreevy |first=Patrick |date=30 April 2014 |title=Calif. Senate panel advances bill to restore bilingual education |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-calif-senate-panel-advances-bill-to-restore-bilingual-education-20140430-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |location= |access-date= }}</ref>

An investor in ''[[The American Conservative]]'', he was its publisher from 2007 to 2013.<ref name="Sixsmith" /> In an email leaked to ''[[National Review]]'' magazine, editor Daniel McCarthy wrote that Unz was acting as if he was the editor of ''The American Conservative'' and threatened to resign if the publication's board did not support him over Unz.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2013/08/american-conservative-unfused-betsy-woodruff/|title=The American Conservative, Unfused?|last=Woodruff|first=Betsy|date=August 1, 2013|work=[[The National Review]]|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>


==''The Unz Review'' and other activities==
==''The Unz Review'' and other activities==
In November 2013, Unz launched the website, ''The Unz Review'', a blogging platform which "bills itself as an 'alternative' to the 'mainstream media'".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/351745-valerie-plame-tweets-story-blaming-americas|newspaper=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|accessdate=November 7, 2017|date=September 21, 2017|title=Valerie Plame tweets story blaming 'America's Jews' for foreign wars|first=Mallory|last=Shelbourne}}</ref> Contributors include left-wing writers, such as [[Patrick Cockburn]], [[Norman Finkelstein]], [[Diane Johnstone]], and [[James Petras]] (largely republished from ''[[CounterPunch]]''), right-wing bloggers such as [[Pat Buchanan]], [[Paul Gottfried]], [[Steve Sailer]] and [[John Derbyshire]], and libertarians writers such as [[Ron Paul]], [[Andrew Napolitano]], Ilana Mercer, and [[Philip Giraldi]].
In November 2013, Unz launched the website ''The Unz Review'' for which he serves as editor-in-chief and publisher.<ref name="ADL2014">{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/news/article/ron-unz-controversial-writer-and-funder-of-anti-israel-activists|accessdate=June 13, 2018|date=January 20, 2014|title=Ron Unz: Controversial Writer and Funder of Anti-israel Activists|publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> Intended as an outlet for non-mainstream opinion formers, by 2016 <!-- According to Young, a "9/11 'truther' and conspiracy theorist" -->[[Paul Craig Roberts]] and [[Norman Finkelstein]] had contributed to the site.<ref name="Young2016" />


According to the [[Anti-Defamation League]], the webzine is an "outlet for certain writers to attack Israel and Jews". More generally, according the ADL, while Unz "does not appear to be an anti-Semite, he provides support to extreme anti-Israel ideologues".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/news/article/ron-unz-controversial-writer-and-funder-of-anti-israel-activists|accessdate=June 13, 2018|date=January 20, 2014|title=Ron Unz: Controversial Writer and Funder of Anti-israel Activists|publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> It has also been described as "an alternative conservative website",<ref name="Tatum 2017 Valerie Plame"/> "far right",<ref name="SBS News 2018">{{cite news|title=Why white supremacists are chugging milk |website=SBS News |date=18 October 2018 |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/why-white-supremacists-are-chugging-milk |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref> "[[alt-right]]" and "a mix of far-right and far-left anti-Semitic crackpottery".<ref name="Young 2016">{{cite web |last=Young |first=Cathy |title=You Can’t Whitewash The Alt-Right’s Bigotry |website=The Federalist |date=14 April 2016 |url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/14/you-cant-whitewash-the-alt-rights-bigotry/ |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>
According to the [[Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) in 2014, the webzine is an "outlet for certain writers to attack Israel and Jews."<ref name="ADL2014" /> It has also been described as "an alternative conservative website,"<ref name="Tatum 2017 Valerie Plame"/> and "a mix of far-right and far-left anti-Semitic crackpottery."<ref name="Young2016">{{cite web |last=Young |first=Cathy|authorlink=Cathy Young|title=You Can't Whitewash The Alt-Right's Bigotry |website=The Federalist |date=April 14, 2016 |url=http://thefederalist.com/2016/04/14/you-cant-whitewash-the-alt-rights-bigotry/ |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref>


Unz has donated tens of thousands of dollars to the far-right website [[VDARE]], claiming that he supports them because they are "mostly broke and they write interesting things."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duehren |first1=Andrew M |last2=Thompson |first2=Daphne C |title=Overseers Candidate Donates to ‘Quasi-White Nationalist’ Group |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2016/4/14/ron-unz-donations/ |accessdate=5 June 2018 |work=The Harvard Crimson |date=2016-04-16}}</ref><ref name="Krantz 2016">{{cite news|last=Krantz |first=Laura |title=Leader of bid to shake up Harvard board linked to white-supremacist writers |website=Boston Globe |date=16 April 2016 |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/04/16/leader-bid-shake-harvard-board-linked-white-supremacist-writers/3YGidncAQoAINn64eXbevI/story.html |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref> In 2017, he was a keynote speaker at VDARE's first national conference.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2017">{{cite web |title=White Nationalists To Gather This March for VDARE’s First National Conference |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |date=23 January 2017 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/23/white-nationalists-gather-march-vdare%E2%80%99s-first-national-conference |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>
The Unz Foundation, of which he is president, has donated to individuals and organizations which are alleged by the ADL to have published or expressed opinions that are anti-Semitic or, in the case of Norman Finkelstein, are anti-Israel. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, it gave Paul Craig Roberts, $108,000, $74,000 to [[Philip Giraldi]], $75,000 to Finkelstein, $80,000 to ''[[CounterPunch]]'' and $60,000 to [[Philip Weiss]], co-editor of the ''[[Mondoweiss]]'' website.<ref name="ADL2014" /><ref name="AGM12122013" /> In addition, the Unz Foundation has given grants to [[Alison Weir (activist)|Alison Weir]], founder of [[If Americans Knew]].<ref name="ADL2014" /> He has donated tens of thousands of dollars to [[VDARE]], which he admits is a "quasi-white nationalist" website, but has said "they write interesting things."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Duehren |first1=Andrew M |last2=Thompson |first2=Daphne C |title=Overseers Candidate Donates to ‘Quasi-White Nationalist’ Group |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2016/4/14/ron-unz-donations/|work=The Harvard Crimson |date=April 16, 2016|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Krantz 2016">{{cite news|last=Krantz |first=Laura |title=Leader of bid to shake up Harvard board linked to white-supremacist writers |website=Boston Globe |date=April 16, 2016 |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/04/16/leader-bid-shake-harvard-board-linked-white-supremacist-writers/3YGidncAQoAINn64eXbevI/story.html |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref> In 2017, he was a keynote speaker at VDARE's first national conference.<ref name="Southern Poverty Law Center 2017">{{cite web |title=White Nationalists To Gather This March for VDARE's First National Conference |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center |date=January 23, 2017 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/23/white-nationalists-gather-march-vdare%E2%80%99s-first-national-conference |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref>


In 2017, ''The Unz Review'' received public attention when former [[CIA]] operative [[Valerie Plame Wilson]] was criticized after tweeting an article by a columnist, counter-terrorism specialist [[Philip Giraldi]], titled "America's Jews Are Driving America's Wars-Shouldn't they recuse themselves when dealing with the Middle East?" published in the webzine.<ref>http://www.unz.com/pgiraldi/americas-jews-are-driving-americas-wars/</ref><ref name="Tatum 2017 Valerie Plame">{{cite news|last=Tatum |first=Sophie |title=Ex-CIA operative apologizes for tweet |publisher=CNN |date=22 September 2017 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/21/politics/valerie-plame-wilson-tweet/index.html |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>As a result, Giraldi was suspended from writing articles for ''[[The American Conservative]]'', which he explained in another ''Unz Review'' column.<ref>http://www.unz.com/pgiraldi/how-i-got-fired/</ref>
In 2017, ''The Unz Review'' received public attention when former [[CIA]] operative [[Valerie Plame]] was criticized after tweeting an article by a columnist, counter-terrorism specialist Philip Giraldi, titled "America's Jews Are Driving America's Wars" published in the webzine.<ref name="Tatum 2017 Valerie Plame">{{cite news|last=Tatum |first=Sophie |title=Ex-CIA operative apologizes for tweet |publisher=CNN |date=September 22, 2017 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/21/politics/valerie-plame-wilson-tweet/index.html |access-date=November 30, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Kirchick|first=James|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/245720/valerie-plames-real-blunder|title=Valerie Plame's Real Blunder|work=Tablet|date=September 25, 2017|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref> As a result, Giraldi was suspended from writing articles for ''The American Conservative'', which he explained in another ''Unz Review'' column.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unz.com/pgiraldi/how-i-got-fired/|title=How I Got Fired|last=Giraldi|first=Philip|date=October 3, 2017|website=Unz Review}}</ref>


Since their 2014 article, the ADL commented in October 2018 that Unz "has embraced hardcore anti-Semitism" and "has denied the Holocaust."<ref name="ADL2018" /> In July 2018, in articles for ''The Unz Review'', he wrote about the claims in the Czarist forgery ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'' and [[Henry Ford]]'s ''[[The International Jew]]''. Ford's work, a series of anti-Semitic pamphlets published in the 1920s, appeared to Unz to be "quite plausible and factually-oriented, even sometimes overly cautious in their presentation."<ref name="ADL2018" /> He partly accepted the standard consensus on the ''Protocols'' but believes they were assembled by "someone who was generally familiar with the secretive machinations of elite international Jews against the existing governments... who drafted the document to outline his view of their strategic plans."<ref name="ADL2018" />
In July 2018, Unz wrote, as part of his American Pravda series, a column titled "The Bolshevik Revolution and Its Aftermath" and cited the conspiracy tract ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', saying "From my distance of many decades, the text of the ''Protocols'' struck me as rather bland and even dull. ... I actually found the discussion of the Protocols ... far more interesting and informative than reading the text itself."<ref>http://www.unz.com/runz/american-pravda-the-bolshevik-revolution-and-its-aftermath/</ref> This was criticized by the Anti-Defamation League as using the Review "to promote the blood libel against Jews".<ref name="Anti-Defamation League 2018 series of antisemitic attacks">{{cite web |title=California Entrepreneur Ron Unz Launches a Series of Rhetorical Attacks on Jews - Anti-Defamation League |website=Anti-Defamation League |date=4 October 2018 |url=https://www.adl.org/blog/california-entrepreneur-ron-unz-launches-a-series-of-rhetorical-attacks-on-jews |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, Unz [[Holocaust denial|denied]] the reality of the Holocaust, writing "I think it far more likely than not that the standard Holocaust narrative is at least substantially false, and quite possibly, almost entirely so."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unz.com/runz/american-pravda-holocaust-denial/ |last=Unz |first=Ron |website=The Unz Review |access-date=November 1, 2018 |title="American Pravda: Holocaust Denial" |archive-url=http://archive.is/11O73 |archive-date=August 31, 2018 |dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Anti-Defamation League 2018 series of antisemitic attacks" />

In August 2018, Unz made use of [[Holocaust denial]] arguments and wrote, "I think it far more likely than not that the standard Holocaust narrative is at least substantially false, and quite possibly, almost entirely so."<ref name="ADL2018" /> That same year, ''The Unz Review'' published material by the Holocaust deniers Kevin Barrett and [[David Irving]], and Unz himself implied [[Mossad]] was involved in the murders of President [[John F. Kennedy]] and his brother [[Robert F. Kennedy|Robert]].<ref name="Sixsmith" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{cite web | title=Ron Unz: Controversial Writer and Funder of Anti-israel Activists | website=Anti-Defamation League | date=20 January 2014 | url=https://www.adl.org/news/article/ron-unz-controversial-writer-and-funder-of-anti-israel-activists | ref={{sfnref | Anti-Defamation League | 2014}} | access-date=30 November 2018}}
* {{cite web | last=Ingall | first=Marjorie | title=Alt-Right Publication Accuses Jews of Attempting to Indoctrinate America's Young Via Subversive Children's Books | website=Tablet Magazine | date=February 2, 2018 | url=https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/254624/alt-right-publication-accuses-jews-of-attempting-to-indoctrinate-americas-young-via-subversive-childrens-books | ref=harv | access-date=November 30, 2018}}
* {{cite web | last=Ingall | first=Marjorie | title=Alt-Right Publication Accuses Jews of Attempting to Indoctrinate America's Young Via Subversive Children's Books | website=Tablet Magazine | date=2 February 2018 | url=https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/254624/alt-right-publication-accuses-jews-of-attempting-to-indoctrinate-americas-young-via-subversive-childrens-books | ref=harv | access-date=30 November 2018}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030218145945/http://www.unz.org:80/ unz.org] redirects to [https://www.unz.com ''The Unz Review'']
* searchable copy of [[The Atlantic Monthly]] [https://www.unz.com/print/AtlanticMonthly/ Archives] (public domain) at ''The Unz Review''
* searchable copy of [[Harper's Magazine|The Harpers Monthly]] [https://www.unz.com/print/Harpers/ Archives] (public domain) at ''The Unz Review''


{{DEFAULTSORT:Unz, Ron}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Unz, Ron}}

Revision as of 06:06, 16 November 2019

Ron Unz
Born
Ron Keeva Unz

(1961-09-20) September 20, 1961 (age 64)
North Hollywood, California, United States
Alma materHarvard University
University of Cambridge
Occupation(s)Businessman, political activist, writer
Political partyRepublican

Ron Keeva Unz (born September 20, 1961) is a former American businessman, known for an unsuccessful race in the California gubernatorial election, 1994, and for sponsoring propositions promoting structured English immersion education. He was publisher of The American Conservative from March 2007 to August 2013. He now publishes The Unz Review, an online publication known, according to the Anti-Defamation League and the US website of The Spectator, for its anti-semitism and Holocaust denial.[1][2]

Early life and career

Born in California, to a Ukrainian-Jewish immigrant, Unz was raised in a Yiddish-speaking household.[3] His mother, Esther-Laio Avrutin, met his father on an airplane heading for Israel. A professor from the Midwest, he later briefly became her lover when visiting her on a few occasions in Los Angeles. She unilaterally decided to have a child with him, but Unz's father was already married, and his wife opened a letter from Avrutin telling him about her pregnancy. She was an anti-war activist,[4] who raised her son as a single mother, but Unz was given his father's surname and soon moved back to her family's home after her son's birth.

He says that his childhood as a fatherless child in a single parent household which was on the dole, was a source of "embarrassment and discomfort."[4] Unz attended North Hollywood High School and, in his senior year, won first place in the 1979 Westinghouse Science Talent Search.[5] He attended Harvard University, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics and ancient history.[6] He then took graduate courses in physics at the University of Cambridge and Stanford University.[6]

Unz worked in the banking industry and wrote software for mortgage securities during his studies. He founded a company called Wall Street Analytics in Palo Alto, California. In 2006 his company was acquired by the ratings firm Moody's.[7]

Political career

Unz made an unsuccessful bid for the Republican nomination in the California gubernatorial election, 1994. He received 707,431 votes (34.3 percent) in the primary race against the incumbent Pete Wilson, who won the primary with 1,266,832 votes (61.4 percent).[8] Newspapers referred to Unz's candidacy as a Revenge of the Nerds and often quoted his claim of a 214 IQ.[9][10][11][6]

In 1994, he opposed California Proposition 187, a 1994 ballot initiative to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibit undocumented immigrants from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of California.[12] During his gubernatorial campaign, Unz was a featured speaker at a 70,000-person rally against Proposition 187 held in Los Angeles, which he claims was "the largest pro-immigrant protest in American history." Unz helped organize this event with the assistance of future California Senate President Kevin de Leon.[13][better source needed]

In 1998, Unz sponsored California Proposition 227, which aimed to change the state's bilingual education to an opt-in structured English-language educational system ; it was approved by the voters[14] despite opposition from language education researchers.[15] Proposition 227 did not seek to end bilingual education since special exemptions were made for students to remain in an English immersion class if a parent so desires. However, there were limits (such as age restrictions) for the exemptions, and there were provisions to discipline teachers that refused to teach solely or predominantly in English.[16] Proposition 227 was approved in June 1998, but it was repealed by Proposition 58 in November 2016. In 2002, Unz backed a similar initiative, the Massachusetts English Language Education in Public Schools Initiative,[17] which was approved by 61% of the voters.[citation needed]

The book English for the Children: Mandated by the People, Skewed by Politicians and Special Interests by Johanna Haver (Rowman & Littlefield Education, 2013) recounts the controversies and political action resulting from Unz's California and subsequent ballot initiatives: Arizona Proposition 203, Colorado Amendment 31, and Massachusetts Question 2.

In 2012 and 2014, Unz worked on a ballot initiative to raise the Californian minimum wage from $10 to $12, but his campaign failed.[18][19] His proposal was supported by James K. Galbraith.[18]

An article by Unz for The American Conservative published in 2012 was entitled "The Myth of American Meritocracy." As well as suggesting Jews are an "alien presence" in the United States, he wrote about the supposed over-representation of Jews at Ivy League institutions, which he claimed was caused by "Jewish bias" among administrators.[20] Unz's methodology in the article was disputed by a blogger on the Algemeiner Journal and he over-estimated the number of Jews enrolled at Harvard.[21] In 2016, Unz started the "Free Harvard, Fair Harvard" campaign, centered on the Harvard Board of Overseers. Its slate of candidates included Unz, Lee Cheng, Stuart Taylor, Jr., Stephen Hsu, and Ralph Nader. The campaign sought for tuition fees at Harvard to be abolished and for greater transparency in the admissions process.[22][23]

Unz campaigned on a Republican ticket in California in the 2016 primaries for election to the US Senate intending to succeed Democrat Barbara Boxer.[24] Having previously supported immigration, he now proposed it "should be sharply reduced, probably by 50% or more."[25] Though not out to win the nomination, he put himself forward in an attempt to challenge the then proposed repeal of Proposition 227.[24] In the final result, he gained 64,698 votes (1.3%).[26]

An investor in The American Conservative, he was its publisher from 2007 to 2013.[2] In an email leaked to National Review magazine, editor Daniel McCarthy wrote that Unz was acting as if he was the editor of The American Conservative and threatened to resign if the publication's board did not support him over Unz.[27]

The Unz Review and other activities

In November 2013, Unz launched the website The Unz Review for which he serves as editor-in-chief and publisher.[20] Intended as an outlet for non-mainstream opinion formers, by 2016 Paul Craig Roberts and Norman Finkelstein had contributed to the site.[28]

According to the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) in 2014, the webzine is an "outlet for certain writers to attack Israel and Jews."[20] It has also been described as "an alternative conservative website,"[29] and "a mix of far-right and far-left anti-Semitic crackpottery."[28]

The Unz Foundation, of which he is president, has donated to individuals and organizations which are alleged by the ADL to have published or expressed opinions that are anti-Semitic or, in the case of Norman Finkelstein, are anti-Israel. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, it gave Paul Craig Roberts, $108,000, $74,000 to Philip Giraldi, $75,000 to Finkelstein, $80,000 to CounterPunch and $60,000 to Philip Weiss, co-editor of the Mondoweiss website.[20][21] In addition, the Unz Foundation has given grants to Alison Weir, founder of If Americans Knew.[20] He has donated tens of thousands of dollars to VDARE, which he admits is a "quasi-white nationalist" website, but has said "they write interesting things."[30][31] In 2017, he was a keynote speaker at VDARE's first national conference.[32]

In 2017, The Unz Review received public attention when former CIA operative Valerie Plame was criticized after tweeting an article by a columnist, counter-terrorism specialist Philip Giraldi, titled "America's Jews Are Driving America's Wars" published in the webzine.[29][33] As a result, Giraldi was suspended from writing articles for The American Conservative, which he explained in another Unz Review column.[34]

Since their 2014 article, the ADL commented in October 2018 that Unz "has embraced hardcore anti-Semitism" and "has denied the Holocaust."[1] In July 2018, in articles for The Unz Review, he wrote about the claims in the Czarist forgery The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Henry Ford's The International Jew. Ford's work, a series of anti-Semitic pamphlets published in the 1920s, appeared to Unz to be "quite plausible and factually-oriented, even sometimes overly cautious in their presentation."[1] He partly accepted the standard consensus on the Protocols but believes they were assembled by "someone who was generally familiar with the secretive machinations of elite international Jews against the existing governments... who drafted the document to outline his view of their strategic plans."[1]

In August 2018, Unz made use of Holocaust denial arguments and wrote, "I think it far more likely than not that the standard Holocaust narrative is at least substantially false, and quite possibly, almost entirely so."[1] That same year, The Unz Review published material by the Holocaust deniers Kevin Barrett and David Irving, and Unz himself implied Mossad was involved in the murders of President John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "California Entrepreneur Ron Unz Launches a Series of Rhetorical Attacks on Jews – Anti-Defamation League". Anti-Defamation League. October 4, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Sixsmith, Ben (September 15, 2018). "The curious case of Ron Unz". The Spectator. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  3. ^ Hornblower, Margot (June 8, 1998). "The Man Behind Prop. 227". CNN. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Matthew Miller, "This Man Controls California: Ron Unz's Improbable Assault on the Powers That Be in California," The New Republic, July 19, 1999.
  5. ^ Foster, Douglas (November 24, 1999). "Being Ron Unz". LA Weekly.
  6. ^ a b c Bruni, Frank (June 14, 1998). "The California Entrepreneur who Beat Bilingual Teaching". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "Moody's Corporation Acquires Wall Street Analytics". MWSA News. Moody's Corporation. December 18, 2006. Archived from the original on October 28, 2007. Retrieved September 14, 2013.
  8. ^ "1994 Statement of Vote". California Secretary of State. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008.
  9. ^ Phil Reeves, "'Nerds' seek revenge in Californian poll: Apathy marks the run up to the contest for governor", The Independent (Los Angeles), May 17, 1994
  10. ^ Amy Wallace, Unlikely Path Led to Wilson Foe's Far-Right Challenge – Politics: A computer 'genius' with a passion for Greek philosophy, Ron Unz has set out to jolt the GOP. May 8, 1994 Los Angeles Times
  11. ^ Margot Hornblower, "The Man Behind Prop. 227", By Frank Bruni, Time.com, June 8, 1998
  12. ^ Matthew Miller (July 19, 1999). "Ron Unz's Improbable Assault on the Powers That Be in California". New Republic. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
  13. ^ https://www.unz.com/runz/racial-politics-in-america-and-in-california/
  14. ^ Arguments in favor of 1998 California Ballot Proposition 227
  15. ^ "CMMR: Notes by Steve Krashen on the Unz Attack".
  16. ^ Crawford, James (2000). At War with Diversity. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. ISBN 1-85359-505-5.
  17. ^ Tench, Megan (November 3, 2002). "HEATED BATTLE OVER ENGLISH IMMERSION INTENSIFIES". Boston Globe. p. B.6. Retrieved March 10, 2018 – via pqarchiver.com.
  18. ^ a b Patterson, Robert. "The Missing Plank of the GOP Platform:". The Natural Family. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  19. ^ Abramsky, Sasha (April 8, 2014). "What If the Minimum Wage Were $15 an Hour?". The Nation. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  20. ^ a b c d e "Ron Unz: Controversial Writer and Funder of Anti-israel Activists". Anti-Defamation League. January 20, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  21. ^ a b "New York Times, Others Praised Anti-Semitic and Slanderous Article". Algemeiner. December 12, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2019.
  22. ^ Saul, Stephanie (January 14, 2016). "How Some Would Level the Playing Field: Free Harvard Degrees". The New York Times.
  23. ^ Adamczyk, Alicia (January 15, 2016). "Group Says Harvard Tuition Should Be Free for All Students". Time.
  24. ^ a b Wildermuth, John (April 17, 2016). "Ron Unz's U.S. Senate race raises concerns of splintered GOP vote". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  25. ^ Krikorian, Mark (May 27, 2016). "Ron Unz, Immigration Convert". National Review. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  26. ^ "California Primary Results, June 7". The New York Times. September 29, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  27. ^ Woodruff, Betsy (August 1, 2013). "The American Conservative, Unfused?". The National Review. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  28. ^ a b Young, Cathy (April 14, 2016). "You Can't Whitewash The Alt-Right's Bigotry". The Federalist. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  29. ^ a b Tatum, Sophie (September 22, 2017). "Ex-CIA operative apologizes for tweet". CNN. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  30. ^ Duehren, Andrew M; Thompson, Daphne C (April 16, 2016). "Overseers Candidate Donates to 'Quasi-White Nationalist' Group". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  31. ^ Krantz, Laura (April 16, 2016). "Leader of bid to shake up Harvard board linked to white-supremacist writers". Boston Globe. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  32. ^ "White Nationalists To Gather This March for VDARE's First National Conference". Southern Poverty Law Center. January 23, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  33. ^ Kirchick, James (September 25, 2017). "Valerie Plame's Real Blunder". Tablet. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  34. ^ Giraldi, Philip (October 3, 2017). "How I Got Fired". Unz Review.

Further reading