Potassium iodate: Difference between revisions

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 434366230

| OtherNames = Iodic acid, potassium salt

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| DrugBank = DB15923

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| PubChem = 23665710

| EINECS = 231-831-9

| RTECS = NN1350000

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = KIO₃

| MolarMass = 214.001 g/mol

| Appearance = white crystalline powder

| Odor = odorless

| Density = 3.89 g/cm³

| Solubility = 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br /> 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) <br /> 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C)

| SolubleOther = soluble in [[potassium iodide|KI]] solution <br /> insoluble in [[ethanol|alcohol]], liquid [[ammonia]], [[nitric acid]]

| MeltingPtC = 560

| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)

| MagSus = &minus;63.1·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalSDS =

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}} {{GHS05}} {{GHS07}}

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272|302|318}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|280|301+312+330|305+351+338+310}}

| NFPA-R = 2

| NFPA-S = OX

| FlashPt = Non-flammable

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = [[Potassium chlorate]]<br />[[Potassium bromate]]

| OtherCations = [[Sodium iodate]]

| OtherCompounds = [[Potassium iodide]]<br />[[Potassium periodate]]

'''Potassium iodate''' ([[Potassium|K]][[Iodine|I]][[Oxygen|O₃]]) is an [[ionic compound|ionic]] [[inorganic compound]] with the formula {{chem2|KIO3}}. It is a white salt that is soluble in water.<ref name=":0"/>

==Preparation and properties==

It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as [[potassium hydroxide]] with [[iodic acid]], for example:<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Iodine and Iodine Compounds |encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |publisher=Wiley-VCH |location=Weinheim |last1=Lyday |first1=Phyllis&nbsp;A. |editor-last=Ley |editor-first=Claudia |publication-date=26 November 2015 |edition=7th |page=9 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_381.pub2 |last2=Kaiho Tatsuo|isbn=9783527306732 }}</ref>

It can also be prepared by adding [[iodine]] to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide:<ref name=":0" />

Or by fusing potassium iodide with [[potassium chlorate]], [[potassium bromate|bromate]] or [[potassium perchlorate|perchlorate]], the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:<ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN|0-07-049439-8}}</ref>

:KI + KClO₃ → KIO₃ + KCl

The analogous reaction with [[potassium hypochlorite]] is also possible:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Launcelot&nbsp;W. |date=July 1903 |title=Titrations with potassium iodide |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.%24b811386&seq=113 |journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] |location=[[Easton, Pennsylvania]] |publisher=[[US Postal Service]] |volume=25 |issue=7 |page=756 |doi=10.1021/ja02009a012 |via=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref><blockquote>KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO₃</blockquote>Conditions/substances to avoid include: [[heat]], [[Shock (mechanics)|shock]], [[friction]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Regulatory Affairs |date=23 March 2023 |title=Safety Data Sheet |url=https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC418245000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+IODATE%2C+REAGEN+500GR&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922143106/https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC418245000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+IODATE%2C+REAGEN+500GR&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en |archive-date=22 September 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023 |publisher=[[Thermo Fisher Scientific]] |type=Potassium iodate MSDS |publication-place=[[Fair Lawn, NJ]] |edition=5}}</ref> combustible materials,<ref name=":0" /> reducing materials, [[aluminium]],<ref name=":1" /> [[organic compounds]],<ref name=":0" /> [[carbon]], [[hydrogen peroxide]] and [[sulfide]]s.<ref name=":1" />

Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent [[iodine deficiency]]. In the US, [[Iodised salt|iodized salt]] contains [[antioxidant]]s, because [[atmospheric oxygen]] can oxidize [[Aqueous solution|wet]] iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arroyave |first1=Guillermo |last2=Pineda |first2=Oscar |last3=Scrimshaw |first3=Nevin&nbsp;S. |date=1956 |orig-date=May 1955 |title=The stability of potassium iodate in crude table salt |journal=[[Bulletin of the World Health Organization]] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=183–185 |pmid=13329845 |pmc=2538103}}</ref> Salt mixed with [[ferrous fumarate]] and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/mcn.12773 |title=Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology |date=2019 |last1=Diosady |first1=Levente L. |last2=Mannar |first2=M.G. Venkatesh |last3=Krishnaswamy |first3=Kiruba |journal=Maternal & Child Nutrition |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 3 |pages=e12773 |pmid=31148400 |pmc=6594086 }}</ref> Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some [[Infant formula|baby formula]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Maia |date=2023-04-04 |title=Best Baby Formula Guide |url=https://gimmethegoodstuff.org/safe-product-guides/safe-infant-formula-guide/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Gimme the Good Stuff |language=en-US}}</ref>

Like [[potassium bromate]], potassium iodate is occasionally used as a [[Flour treatment agent|maturing agent]] in baking.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Potassium iodate |encyclopedia=BAKERpedia |location=[[Portland, OR]] |url=https://bakerpedia.com/ingredients/potassium-iodate/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Lin}}</ref>

[[Image:Potassium iodate tablets.jpg|thumb|left|An unopened box of potassium [[iodate]] tablets distributed in the early 2000s to [[Republic of Ireland|Irish]] households in case of a terror attack on [[United Kingdom|British]] nuclear facilities.]]

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905170659/http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = 2008-09-05

| doi-access = free

}}</ref> Approved by the [[World Health Organization]] for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO₃) is an alternative to [[potassium iodide|potassium iodide (KI)]], which has poor [[shelf life]] in hot and humid [[climate]]s.<ref>{{Citation

|date=Nov 2008

| journal = Health Physics

}}</ref> The [[UK]], [[Singapore]], [[United Arab Emirates]], and the [[U.S. state]]s [[Idaho]] and [[Utah]] all maintain potassium iodate [[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]] towards this end.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} Following the [[September 11 attacks]], the government of [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.<ref name="dohc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |title=Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018013248/http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"

| date = 1999

| url =https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf

| 3 – 12 years old

| 1 – 36 months old

Potassium iodate is not approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration (United States)|U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for use as a [[thyroid blocker]], and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nukepills.com/potassium-iodate-vs-potassium-iodide.html|title=Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nukepills.com/docs/Potassium%20Iodate%20warning%20letter.pdf|title=Potassium Iodate Warning Letter|author=W. Charles Becoat|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|date=29 May 2003}}</ref>

==Safety==

Potassium iodate is an [[oxidizing agent]] and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds.<ref name=":0"/>

{{clear}}

{{Iodates}}