Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
 Standard-bearer in 2006 Aizu parade bearing the flag of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei | |
| Formation | Spring 1868 |
|---|---|
| Type | Military and political alliance |
| Headquarters | Shiroishi, Sendai Domain, Japan |
Membership | 31 Domains of Northern Japan |
Official language | Japanese |
Meishu (Alliance Head) | Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa |
Sotoku (Governor-General) | Date Yoshikuni, Uesugi Narinori |
The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei or Northern Alliance (奥羽越列藩同盟) was a Japanese military-political coalition established and disestablished over the course of several months in early to mid-1868 during the Boshin War. Its flag was either a white interwoven five-pointed star on a black field, or a black interwoven five-pointed star on a white field.
History
Sometimes referred to as the "Northern Alliance," it centered around the Sendai, Yonezawa, and Nihonmatsu domains, and drew together nearly all domains from the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa, several domains of northern Echigo Province, and even the Matsumae han of Ezo (modern-day Hokkaidō). Headquartered at Shiroishi Castle, the alliance's nominal head was Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa, the onetime abbot of Kan'eiji Temple in Edo who fled north following the Satsuma-Chōshū takeover of the city, who declared himself "Emperor Tobu", with Date Yoshikuni of Sendai as the head of the Alliance. Although heteroclitic in nature, the Alliance formed of a combination of modern and traditional forces, and mobilized a total of about 50,000 soldiers. Though the alliance did its best to support the Aizu domain, Aizu was not formally part of the alliance; neither was Shōnai.
In addition, though it technically no longer existed as a domain, the forces of the Hayashi clan of the Jōzai Domain also fought on behalf of the Alliance.
While the alliance was a bold, innovative step that combined the military forces of several dozen domains, it was unable to fully act as a single, cohesive unit, and with the fall of Sendai and Aizu, it effectively collapsed.
Members of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
| Domain | Ruling Family | Province |
|---|---|---|
| Matsumae | Matsumae | Ezo |
| Akita | Satake | Dewa |
| Morioka | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Yonezawa | Uesugi | Dewa |
| Nihonmatsu | Niwa | Mutsu |
| Hirosaki | Tsugaru | Mutsu |
| Shinjō | Tozawa | Dewa |
| Tanagura | Abe | Mutsu |
| Sōma | Sōma | Mutsu |
| Sendai | Date | Mutsu |
| Ichinoseki | Tamura | Mutsu |
| Miharu | Akita | Mutsu |
| Yamagata | Mizuno | Dewa |
| Kaminoyama | Matsudaira | Dewa |
| Iwakidaira | Ando | Mutsu |
| Fukushima | Itakura | Mutsu |
| Honjo | Rokugo | Dewa |
| Moriyama | Matsudaira | Mutsu |
| Izumi | Honda | Mutsu |
| Kameda | Iwaki | Dewa |
| Hachinohe | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Tendō | Oda | Dewa |
| Yunagaya | Naito | Mutsu |
| Shimotedo | Tachibana | Mutsu |
| Yajima | Ikoma | Dewa |
| Shibata | Mizoguchi | Echigo |
| Nagaoka | Makino | Echigo |
| Murakami | Naito | Echigo |
| Muramatsu | Hori | Echigo |
| Mineyama | Makino | Echigo |
| Kurokawa | Yanagisawa | Echigo |
Notes
References
- Keene, Donald (2005). Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-12341-8.
- Hoshi, Ryoichi (1995). Ouetsu Reppan Domei: Higashi Nihon seifu juritsu no yume (Japanese). Chuo Koronsha. ISBN 4121012356.
- Ravina, Mark (2004). The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigō Takamori. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-08970-2.