1312
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1312 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1312 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1312 MCCCXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2065 |
| Armenian calendar | 761 ԹՎ ՉԿԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6062 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1233–1234 |
| Bengali calendar | 719 |
| Berber calendar | 2262 |
| English Regnal year | 5 Edw. 2 – 6 Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1856 |
| Burmese calendar | 674 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6820–6821 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛亥年 (Metal Pig) 4008 or 3948 — to — 壬子年 (Water Rat) 4009 or 3949 |
| Coptic calendar | 1028–1029 |
| Discordian calendar | 2478 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1304–1305 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5072–5073 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1368–1369 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1233–1234 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4412–4413 |
| Holocene calendar | 11312 |
| Igbo calendar | 312–313 |
| Iranian calendar | 690–691 |
| Islamic calendar | 711–712 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōchō 2 / Shōwa 1 (正和元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1223–1224 |
| Julian calendar | 1312 MCCCXII |
| Korean calendar | 3645 |
| Minguo calendar | 600 before ROC 民前600年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −156 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1854–1855 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金猪年 (female Iron-Pig) 1438 or 1057 or 285 — to — 阳水鼠年 (male Water-Rat) 1439 or 1058 or 286 |
Year 1312 (MCCCXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events[edit]
By place[edit]
Europe[edit]
- June 15 – Battle of Rozgony: Hungarian forces led by King Charles I defeat the family of Palatine Amadeus Aba near Rozgony. During the battle, Charles losses his royal standard, but is reinforced by German mercenaries from Košice (or Kassa). The rebel army is routed, and Charles extends his power base in Hungary. His position is secured and resistance (reduced by the magnates' opposition) against Charles' rule comes to an end.[1]
- June 29 – Henry VII is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lateran Palace (St Peter's Basilica is occupied by Romans hostile to him). Later, Henry abandons his campaign against Florence on October 31.
- September 7 – King Ferdinand IV (the Summoned) dies after a 17-year reign and is succeeded by his 1-year-old son Alfonso XI (the Avenger) as ruler of Castile. His mother, Queen Constance, becomes his co-regent.
- September 27 – The Charter of Kortenberg is signed, and is possibly the first constitution which allows democratic decisions in feudal mainland Europe.
- Battle of Amorgos: A Hospitaller fleet intercepts and destroys a Turkish fleet near the island of Amorgos. During the battle, all 23 Turkish ships are burnt.[2]
- Winter – Battle of Gallipoli: A combined Byzantine-Serbian force (supported by a Genoese fleet) defeats the Turcopoles (some 2,000 men) at Gallipoli.[3]
England[edit]
- January 13 – Piers Gaveston returns in secret at Knaresborough Castle after an exile of two months. King Edward II restores all the promised lands to him, they travel to Scotland to seek help from King Robert the Bruce.
- May 4 – Edward II and Piers Gaveston are at Newcastle when they are alerted to the news of an English force under Henry Percy and Robert Clifford is heading for them. They manage to escape to Scarborough Castle.[4]
- May – English forces under Aymer de Valence besiege Scarborough Castle. After a couple of weeks, Piers Gaveston surrenders on May 19. In terms of surrender, Aymer gives his word that Gaveston will not be harmed.
- June – Piers Gaveston is taken hostage by Guy de Beauchamp and is put in a dungeon at Warwick Castle. He is condemned to death and taken to Leek Wootton (or Blacklow Hill), where Piers is executed on June 19.[5]
Middle East[edit]
- Öljaitü of the Ilkhanate briefly raids into Syria. He withdrew in the same year, ending the Mongol invasions of the Levant[6][7]
Africa[edit]
- Musa I (or Mansa Musa) becomes ruler of the Mali Empire, guiding his realm through its prosperous years, enhancing trade, expanding borders and sponsoring mosques (approximate date).
By topic[edit]
Exploration[edit]
- The Canary Islands are "rediscovered" by Lancelotto Malocello, Genoese navigator, who sails to Lanzarote, and remains there for almost two decades.[8]
Religion[edit]
- March 22 – Pope Clement V, under pressure from King Philip IV (the Fair), officially disbands the Order of the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienne. The Order's property and monetary assets are given to a rival order, the Knights Hospitaller. Meanwhile, Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is held in prison in Paris, where he is forced to commit false confessions.[9]
Births[edit]
- September 17 – William Donn de Burgh, Irish nobleman (d. 1333)
- November 13 – Edward III, king of England and Ireland (d. 1377)[10]
- William II, Latin prince and knight (House of Barcelona) (d. 1338)
Deaths[edit]
- January 23 – Isabella of Villehardouin, Latin princess (b. 1263)
- March 9 – Beatrice, French noblewoman and co-ruler (b. 1249)
- March 10 – Casimir of Bytom, Polish nobleman (House of Piast)
- May 1 – Paul I, Croatian nobleman, knight and oligarch (b. 1245)
- May 13 – Theobald II (or Thiebaut), German nobleman (b. 1263)
- June 19 – Piers Gaveston, English nobleman and knight (b. 1284)
- August 27 – Angelo da Foligno (or Conti), Italian priest (b. 1226)
- September 7 – Ferdinand IV, king of Castile and León (b. 1285)[11]
- October 27
- Gentile Portino da Montefiore, Italian cardinal-priest (b. 1240)[12]
- John II (the Peaceful), Dutch nobleman and knight (b. 1275)
- October 28 – Elisabeth of Carinthia, queen of Germany (b. 1262)
- October 29 – Landolfo Brancaccio, Italian aristocrat and cardinal
- November 2 – Afonso of Portugal, Portuguese prince (b. 1263)
- November 6 – Christina von Stommeln, German nun (b. 1242)
- November 9 – Mujū Dōkyō, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 1227)
- December 7 – Michael II, Syrian Orthodox patriarch of Antioch[13]
- December 13 – John the Parricide, German nobleman (b. 1290)
- Eschiva of Ibelin, Outremer noblewoman and co-ruler (b. 1253)
- Guido della Torre, Italian nobleman and rebel leader (b. 1259)
- Malatesta da Verucchio, Italian nobleman and knight (b. 1212)
- Reginald le Chen, Scottish nobleman and high sheriff (b. 1235)
- Siemowit of Dobrzyń, Polish prince and knight (House of Piast)
- Valdemar IV, Danish nobleman and knight (House of Estridsen)
- Xenia of Tarusa, Russian noblewoman and princess (b. 1246)
- Zayn al-Din al-Amidi, Arab scholar, academic, jurist and writer
References[edit]
- ^ Rady, Martyn C. (2000). Nobility, land and service in medieval Hungary, p. 51. University of London. ISBN 978-0-333-80085-0.
- ^ Lock Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades, p. 125. Routledge. ISBN 9781135131371.
- ^ Nicol, Donald M (1993). The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453, p. 139. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6.
- ^ Maddicot, J. R. (1970). Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322, pp. 123–124. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821712-1.
- ^ Hamilton , J. S. (1988). Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307–1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II, pp. 92-93. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2008-2.
- ^ J.J. Saunders, "History of the Mongol Conquests," page 144
- ^ Josef W. Meri, "Medieval Islamic Civilization," page 573
- ^ Bernard Grun, The Timetables of History, p. 185. Simon & Schuster, 3rd ed, 1991. ISBN 0671749196.
- ^ Martin, Sean (2005). The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order, p. 142. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 978-1-56025-645-8.
- ^ "BBC - History - Edward III". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ "Ferdinand IV | king of Castile and Leon". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- ^ "Influential Figures: Cardinal Gentile Partino da Montefiore (1240 – 1312)". montefioredellaso.com. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- ^ Barsoum, Ephrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. p. 488.