1778
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This article is about the year 1778.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 17th century – 18th century – 19th century |
| Decades: | 1740s 1750s 1760s – 1770s – 1780s 1790s 1800s |
| Years: | 1775 1776 1777 – 1778 – 1779 1780 1781 |
| 1778 by topic: | |
| Arts and Sciences | |
| Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science | |
| Countries | |
| Canada – Canada –Denmark – France – Great Britain – Ireland – Norway – Russia – Sweden – United States | |
| Lists of leaders | |
| Colonial governors – State leaders | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births – Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments – Disestablishments | |
| Works category | |
| Works | |
| Gregorian calendar | 1778 MDCCLXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2531 |
| Armenian calendar | 1227 ԹՎ ՌՄԻԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6528 |
| Bengali calendar | 1185 |
| Berber calendar | 2728 |
| British Regnal year | 18 Geo. 3 – 19 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2322 |
| Burmese calendar | 1140 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7286–7287 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 4474 or 4414 — to — 戊戌年 (Earth Dog) 4475 or 4415 |
| Coptic calendar | 1494–1495 |
| Discordian calendar | 2944 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1770–1771 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5538–5539 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1834–1835 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1700–1701 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4879–4880 |
| Holocene calendar | 11778 |
| Igbo calendar | 778–779 |
| Iranian calendar | 1156–1157 |
| Islamic calendar | 1191–1192 |
| Japanese calendar | An'ei 7 (安永7年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4111 |
| Minguo calendar | 134 before ROC 民前134年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2320–2321 |
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1778. |
Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar.
Events[edit]
January–June[edit]
- January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the Sandwich Islands.
- February 5 – South Carolina becomes the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
- February 6 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France, signaling official French recognition of the new republic.
- February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the American troops.
- March 6–October 24 – Captain Cook explores and maps the Pacific Northwest coast of North America from Cape Foulweather (Oregon) to the Bering Strait.
- March 10 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington approves the dishonorable discharge of Lieut. Frederick Gotthold Enslin for "attempting to commit sodomy, with John Monhort a soldier".
- May 30 – Benedict Arnold signs US oath of allegiance at Valley Forge[1]
- June 24 – A total solar eclipse takes place across parts of USA from Texas to Virginia.
- June 28 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Monmouth: George Washington's Continental Army battles the British general Sir Henry Clinton's army to a draw near Monmouth County, New Jersey.
July–December[edit]
- July 3 – American Revolutionary War: the Wyoming Massacre takes place near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, ending in a terrible defeat of the local colonists.
- July 4 – American Revolutionary War: George Rogers Clark takes Kaskaskia.
- July 10 – Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- July 27 – American Revolutionary War – First Battle of Ushant: British and French fleets fight to a standoff.
- August 3 – La Scala opera house in Milan opens with the première of Antonio Salieri's Europa riconosciuta.
- August 26 – Triglav, at 2,864 meters above sea level the highest peak of Slovenia, is ascended for the first time by four men: Luka Korošec, Matevž Kos, Štefan Rožič, and Lovrenc Willomitzer on Sigmund Zois' initiative.
- August 29 – American Revolutionary War: The tactically inconclusive Battle of Rhode Island takes place, after which the Continental Army abandons its position on Aquidneck Island.
- September – The Massachusetts Banishment Act, providing punishment for Loyalists, is passed.
- September 7 – American Revolutionary War: French invasion of Dominica captures the British fort there before the latter is aware that France has entered the war in the Franco-American alliance.
- September 17 – The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed, the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe (the Lenape or Delaware).
- September 19 – The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States.
- November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui.
Date unknown[edit]
- The first settlement is made in the area of what is now Louisville, Kentucky, by 13 families under Colonel George Rogers Clark.
- Phillips Academy, the most prestigious secondary boarding school in the United States, is founded by Samuel Phillips Jr.
- The term "thoroughbred" is first used in the United States in an advertisement in a Kentucky gazette to describe a New Jersey stallion called Pilgarlick.
- Thomas Kitchin's The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe is published in London.[2]
Births[edit]
January–April[edit]
- January 1
- James Grant, Major-General C.B. (d. 1852)
- Tredwell Scudder, American politician (d. 1834)
- Charles Alexandre Lesueur, French naturalist (d. 1846)
- January 3 – Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Catholic bishop (d. 1861)
- January 4
- Billy J. Clark, American politician (d. 1866)
- Paolo Polidori, Catholic cardinal (d. 1847)
- John Manners, 5th Duke of Rutland, English Duke (d. 1857)
- Jean-Antoine Alavoine, French architect (d. 1834)
- January 5 – Charles-Guillaume Étienne, French writer (d. 1845)
- January 6 – Thomas Lincoln, Farmer, Carpenter (d. 1851)
- January 7 – Anthony Todd Thomson, British dermatologist (d. 1849)
- January 9 – Thomas Brown, Scottish metaphysician (d. 1820)
- January 10 – Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante, Argentine politician (d. 1851)
- January 11 – Agathon Jean François Fain, French historian (d. 1837)
- January 12 – William Herbert, British politician (d. 1847)
- January 13 – Sir Isaac Goldsmid, 1st Baronet, financier and one of the leading figures in the Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
- January 15 – Joseph Adamy, Nassauian politician (d. 1849)
- January 16
- Teodoro Lechi, Italian general (d. 1866)
- John Arbuthnott, 8th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish peer and soldier (d. 1860)
- January 17
- Donald Macdonell, Canadian politician (d. 1861)
- George Black, Canadian politician and businessman and an important shipbuilder in Quebec during the earlier part of the 19th century (d. 1854)
- January 18 – George Bellas Greenough, British geologist (d. 1855)
- January 20 – Louis Antoine François Baillon, French naturalist and collector (d. 1855)
- January 21 – Jeremiah O'Brien, American politician (d. 1858)
- January 23 – Alire Raffeneau Delile, French botanist (d. 1850)
- January 24 – Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry (d. 1820)
- January 25 – Matsudaira Norihiro, daimyo who ruled the Nishio Domain (d. 1839)
- January 26
- Jakob von Washington, Bavarian general (d. 1848)
- Johann Georg Stauffer, Austrian luthier (d. 1853)
- January 27
- Christian Mathias Schröder, German politician (d. 1860)
- Andrew Sterett, United States Navy officer (d. 1807)
- January 28 – James Tallmadge, Jr., American politician (d. 1853)
- January 29 – John Williams, Tennessee politician (d. 1837)
- January 31 – Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky (d. 1861)
- February 1 – Joseph Richardson, American politician (d. 1871)
- February 2 – Mary Anne Talbot, British wartime cross-dresser (d. 1808)
- February 3
- Cornelis Vollenhoven, Dutch politician (d. 1849)
- John Ritchie, British newspaper founder (d. 1870)
- February 4 – Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, Swiss botanist (d. 1841)
- February 5 – Jan Nepomucen Umiński, Polish general (d. 1851)
- February 6 – Ugo Foscolo, Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (d. 1827)
- February 13 – William P. Van Ness, United States federal judge (d. 1826)
- February 14 – Fernando Sor, Spanish musician (d. 1839)
- February 16
- John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton, British Baron (d. 1863)
- Rosalie Stier Calvert, plantation owner and correspondent in nineteenth century Maryland (d. 1821)
- February 17 – Vincenzo Pucitta, Italian composer (d. 1861)
- February 19
- Friedrich Karl von Tettenborn, Russian military commander (d. 1845)
- Henry Ashley, American politician (d. 1829)
- Daniel Williams Harmon, fur trader and diarist (d. 1843)
- February 20 – Margaret Bayard Smith, American writer (d. 1844)
- February 22
- Sir Roger Martin, 5th Baronet (d. 1854)
- Franz Ludwig Catel, German artist (d. 1856)
- Rembrandt Peale, American painter (d. 1860)
- Gottfried Wilhelm Becker, German physician and writer (d. 1854)
- February 25 – José de San Martín, Argentine general (d. 1850)
- March 1
- Chrétien Géofroy Nestler, French botanist (d. 1832)
- Amos Lane, American politician (d. 1849)
- March 2
- William Austin, American politician (d. 1841)
- Vincent Moulac, French naval officer (d. 1836)
- March 3
- Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1841)
- Peter Laurie, British politician (d. 1861)
- March 4
- Sir Henry Bunbury, 7th Baronet, British Army general (d. 1860)
- Robert Emmet, Irish rebel (d. 1803)
- Florestano Pepe, Italian general (d. 1851)
- March 6
- Francis Ogilvy-Grant, 6th Earl of Seafield, British politician (d. 1853)
- Carl Bernhard von Trinius, German botanist (d. 1844)
- March 8
- Friedrich August Kanne, Composer and music critic from Vienna (d. 1833)
- Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1853)
- March 10
- Hugh Hornby Birley, leading Manchester Tory who is reputed to have led the fatal charge of the Manchester and Salford Yeomanry at the Peterloo Massacre (d. 1845)
- Anthony Van Egmond, Canadian rebel (d. 1838)
- March 19 – Edward Pakenham, Irish-born British general (d. 1815)
- March 22
- Thomas de Trafford, British Baronet (d. 1852)
- Aleksey Merzlyakov, Russian poet, critic, and professor (d. 1830)
- March 23 – Paul Traugott Meissner, Austrian chemist (d. 1864)
- March 24
- Robert Fleming Gourlay, British statistician and activist (d. 1863)
- Anton Edler von Gapp, Austrian lawyer (d. 1862)
- March 25 – Sophie Blanchard, aeronaut (d. 1819)
- March 26 – Edward Blakeney (d. 1868)
- March 28 – Ludvig Stoud Platou, Norwegian politician (d. 1833)
- March 30 – Robert Moore, American politician (d. 1831)
- March 31 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Zoologist (d. 1858)
- April 1 – Benjamin Jacob, British musician (d. 1829)
- April 3 – Pierre Bretonneau, French physician (d. 1862)
- April 6 – Joseph Funk, American music teacher, publisher, and composer (d. 1862)
- April 7 – John J. Ely, Member of the New Jersey General Assembly (d. 1852)
- April 9
- John Sparks, English cricketer (d. 1854)
- Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire, French diplomat (d. 1854)
- April 10
- Heinrich Luden, German historian (d. 1847)
- William Hazlitt, English writer (d. 1830)
- Johann Arzberger, Austrian technologist (d. 1835)
- April 11 – John Johnson, early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement in Ohio (d. 1843)
- April 12 – John Strachan, Bishop of Toronto (d. 1867)
- April 14 – George Philipp Ludolf von Beckedorff, prominent Prussian Roman Catholic convert and parliamentarian (d. 1858)
- April 15
- William Congreve Russell, British politician (d. 1850)
- James Crooks, Canadian politician (d. 1860)
- April 18
- Mary Bruce, Countess of Elgin, Scottish countess (d. 1855)
- Christian Friedrich Nasse, German physician and psychiatrist born in Bielefeld (d. 1851)
- Sir Matthew White Ridley, 3rd Baronet, British politician (d. 1836)
- April 19 – Elizabeth Wynne Fremantle, main author of the extensive Wynne Diaries and wife of the Royal Navy officer Thomas Fremantle (1765–1819) (d. 1857)
- April 23 – John Harvey, British Army general (d. 1852)
- April 24 – John Graham, soldier notable for founding Grahamstown (d. 1821)
- April 27
- Henry Drury, English educator (d. 1841)
- Gideon Lee, American politician (d. 1841)
- April 28 – Adriaan van der Hoop, Dutch banker and politician (d. 1854)
- April 29 – Thomas Bateman, British physician and a pioneer in the field of dermatology who was a native of Whitby (d. 1821)
- April 30 – Arvid David Hummel, Swedish entomologist (d. 1836)
May–August[edit]
- May 2 – Nathan Bangs, theologian (d. 1862)
- May 3
- Samuel Freeze, Canadian politician (d. 1844)
- David Wilder, Jr., American politician (d. 1866)
- May 6 – Henry Phillpotts, English bishop (d. 1869)
- May 8
- Johann Baptist Gänsbacher, Austrian composer (d. 1844)
- Marie-Louise Coidavid, Queen of the Kingdom of Haiti 1811-20 as the spouse of Henri I of Haiti (d. 1851)
- May 9 – Eli Ayers, Liberian politician (d. 1822)
- May 10 – William Ladd, American activist (d. 1841)
- May 12
- August Zeune, German educator (d. 1853)
- – José de la Mar, Military leader, President of Peru (d. 1830)
- May 13 – Honoré V, Prince of Monaco (d. 1841)
- May 17 – Benjamin Bowring, English watchmaker (d. 1846)
- May 18
- Andrew Ure, Scottish doctor and chemist (d. 1857)
- Samuel Hoar, American politician (d. 1856)
- Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, British politician (d. 1854)
- May 19
- Ruggero Settimo, Italian politician (d. 1863)
- Ludwik Michał Pac, Polish general (d. 1835)
- May 25 – Claus Harms, German clergyman and theologian (d. 1855)
- May 29 – Charles Kemeys Kemeys Tynte, British politician (d. 1860)
- May 30 – Richard Skinner, American politician (d. 1833)
- May 31
- John Peter Pruden, Pioneer of western Canada, fur trader, and writer. (d. 1868)
- John Jackson, British artist (d. 1831)
- Horatio Seymour, American politician (d. 1857)
- June 2 – Jean Julien Angot des Rotours, French colonial governor (d. 1844)
- June 4 – Martin Parmer, American politician (d. 1850)
- June 6 – Edmund Varney, American politician (d. 1847)
- June 7 – David Willson, Canadian quaker minister (d. 1866)
- June 11 – John Robison, British inventor (d. 1843)
- June 13 – Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, hereditary prince of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1819)
- June 14 – John Cushing Aylwin, Officer:United States Navy (War of 1812) (d. 1813)
- June 15 – Henri Jean-Baptiste Victoire Fradelle, Franco-English painter (d. 1865)
- June 16
- Charles F. Mercer, American politician (d. 1858)
- Harry Croswell, crusading political journalist (d. 1858)
- June 17
- Philip Willem van Heusde, Dutch philosopher (d. 1839)
- Gregory Blaxland, English pioneer farmer and explorer in Australia (d. 1852)
- June 19 – Robert Allen, Tennessee politician (d. 1844)
- June 20 – Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, moderate royalist French statesman during the Bourbon Restoration 1814–30 under King Charles X (d. 1832)
- June 22 – George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland, British politician (d. 1867)
- June 26 – Mariya Svistunova, Lady-in-waiting at the Russian Court (d. 1866)
- June 27 – Sir John Astley, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1842)
- June 28
- John Macbride, British historian (d. 1868)
- William Dietz, American politician (d. 1848)
- Mariano Velazquez de la Cadena, Mexican writer (d. 1860)
- July 2 – Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta (d. 1858)
- July 3 – Carl Ludvig Engel, German architect (d. 1840)
- July 6 – Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent, French scientist (d. 1846)
- July 7 – Beau Brummell, English man of fashion (d. 1840)
- July 10
- William Brockenbrough, American politician (d. 1838)
- Laurent Cunin-Gridaine, French businessman and politician (d. 1859)
- Sigismund von Neukomm, Austrian composer and pianist (d. 1858)
- July 11 – Timothy Fuller, American politician (d. 1835)
- July 13 – Samuel Stevens, Jr., American politician (d. 1860)
- July 15
- Thomas James Maling, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1849)
- Henry Joseph Monck Mason, Irish writer (d. 1858)
- Jasper Nicolls, British general (d. 1849)
- July 17 – Benjamin Isaacs, Connecticut politician (d. 1846)
- July 19
- Thomas Foley, British politician (d. 1822)
- Samuel Bent, American Mormon leader (d. 1846)
- July 20 – Joshua Tetley, British brewer (d. 1859)
- July 28 – Charles Stewart, American naval commander (d. 1869)
- July 30
- David Pattee, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
- Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1847)
- August 1
- John Collins Warren, American magazine founder (d. 1856)
- Mary Jefferson Eppes, Thomas Jefferson's younger child (d. 1804)
- August 2
- Jabez Delano Hammond, American politician (d. 1855)
- Robert Richford Roberts, American bishop (d. 1843)
- Georg Anton Rollett, Austrian naturalist (d. 1842)
- August 3 – Jessup Nash Couch, American politician (d. 1821)
- August 4
- Christian Friedrich Traugott Duttenhofer, German engraver (d. 1846)
- John Hunter, American politician (d. 1852)
- August 5 – Otto Christian Blandow, German bryologist (d. 1810)
- August 8 – John Bonfoy Rooper, British landowner and MP (d. 1855)
- August 11
- Marcus Pløen, Businessperson (d. 1836)
- Charles Pierrepont, 2nd Earl Manvers, British naval officer and politician (d. 1860)
- Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, German Prussian gymnastics educator and nationalist (d. 1852)
- John Christian Schetky, British artist (d. 1874)
- August 12
- Francis Horner, British politician (d. 1817)
- Joshua Vanneck, 2nd Baron Huntingfield, British politician (d. 1844)
- August 15 – John Tanner, Early Mormon (d. 1850)
- August 17
- Johannes Hermanus Koekkoek, Dutch painter (d. 1851)
- John Varley, British artist (d. 1842)
- August 18 – Silas Condit, American politician (d. 1861)
- August 19
- Princess Sophie of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, German princess (d. 1835)
- James Harris, 2nd Earl of Malmesbury, British politician (d. 1841)
- August 20 – Bernardo O'Higgins, Supree Director of Chile (d. 1842)
- August 21 – Lewis Weston Dillwyn, British politician (d. 1855)
- August 22 – James Kirke Paulding, American writer and (d. 1860)
- August 23 – William Burt, English writer and solicitor (d. 1826)
- August 25 – Joseph Batten (d. 1837)
- August 26 – John Adams, United States House of Representatives member (d. 1854)
- August 27 – Mary Whitmer, Book of Mormon witness (d. 1856)
- August 31
- Friedrich August von Klinkowström, German artist (d. 1835)
- William Wilkins, English architect (d. 1839)
September–December[edit]
- September 1 – John Thomson of Duddingston, British artist (d. 1840)
- September 2
- Louis Bonaparte, Sibling of Napoleon Bonaparte I, French army general, King of Holland (d. 1846)
- Michał Józef Römer, Polish writer and politician (d. 1853)
- September 7 – José Bernardo Sánchez, Spanish missionary (d. 1833)
- September 8
- George Heneage Lawrence Dundas, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1834)
- Clemens Brentano, German poet, novelist (d. 1842)
- September 10 – Joshua Lawrence (d. 1843)
- September 12 – William Davidson, American politician (d. 1857)
- September 14
- John Varnum, American politician (d. 1836)
- John Barss, Canadian politician (d. 1851)
- September 15 – Augustin Caron, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
- September 19
- Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, British politician (d. 1868)
- William Gaston, American politician (d. 1844)
- September 20
- James Mann, 5th Earl Cornwallis (d. 1852)
- Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian admiral (d. 1852)
- September 21 – Carl Ludwig Koch, German entomologist (d. 1857)
- September 24 – Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1850)
- September 25
- Sir Charles Oakeley, 2nd Baronet, 2nd Baronet in the Oakeley Baronets (d. 1829)
- Prince Louis of Anhalt-Köthen, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen (d. 1802)
- September 26 – Jonathan Fisk, American politician (d. 1832)
- September 27
- Carl Friedrich Rungenhagen, composer and music teacher (d. 1851)
- Damião Barbosa de Araújo, Brazilian composer (d. 1856)
- September 28
- Luther Lawrence, American politician (d. 1839)
- Suzanne Douvillier, Ballerina, mime & choreographer (d. 1826)
- Catherine McAuley, Irish nun and saint (d. 1841)
- September 29
- Benjamin Hall, British politician (d. 1817)
- Thomas Warsop, English cricketer (d. 1845)
- October 5
- Ernst Ludwig von Aster, Prussian and Russian Army general (d. 1855)
- John James Masquerier, British artist (d. 1855)
- Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, French archaeologist (d. 1867)
- October 7
- Charles Paget, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1839)
- Joseph Knight, horticulturist (d. 1855)
- Thomas Cranley Onslow, British politician (d. 1861)
- October 8 – Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, Catholic bishop (d. 1839)
- October 9
- Pierre-Denis, Comte de Peyronnet, President of the Bordeaux Court in France in 1815 (d. 1854)
- John FitzMaurice, Viscount Kirkwall, British politician (d. 1820)
- Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet, British Army general (d. 1842)
- October 13 – William Marks, American politician (d. 1858)
- October 14 – Francis Fane, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1844)
- October 19 – Valentine Blacker (d. 1826)
- October 22 – Javier de Burgos, Spanish writer, politician and jurist (d. 1849)
- October 23 – Kittur Chennamma (d. 1829)
- October 26 – Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg, British politician (d. 1866)
- October 28 – Ezekiel Blomfield, British minister (d. 1818)
- October 29 – William Creighton, Jr., United States federal judge (d. 1851)
- October 30 – Benjamin Ames, American politician (d. 1835)
- October 31
- Jacob Shibley, Canadian politician (d. 1862)
- Charles Abraham Elton, author (d. 1853)
- John Black, Australian sailor (d. 1802)
- November 1
- James R. Caldwell, United States Navy officer (d. 1804)
- Mary Brunton, British writer (d. 1818)
- Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, King of Sweden (d. 1837)
- November 3 – Karlo Lanza, Dalmatian politician (d. 1834)
- November 5
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian explorer (d. 1823)
- Thomas Ritchie, American journalist (d. 1854)
- November 8 – Joseph Signay, Catholic bishop (d. 1850)
- November 11 – Nils Astrup, Norwegian politician (d. 1835)
- November 14
- Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner, German theologian (d. 1828)
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel, composer and virtuoso pianist (d. 1837)
- November 15
- George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh, British politician (d. 1840)
- Giovanni Battista Belzoni, Italian antiquarian (d. 1823)
- November 16 – Johann Joseph von Prechtl, Austrian technologist (d. 1854)
- November 18 – Lord William Stuart, British politician (d. 1814)
- November 19 – Charles de Salaberry, Canadian politician (d. 1829)
- November 21
- Richard Phillips, British Chemist (d. 1851)
- Thomas B. Cooke, American politician (d. 1853)
- Joseph Warren Scott, American army officer (d. 1871)
- Kunitomo Ikkansai, Gunsmith (d. 1840)
- November 22 – Aurora Wilhelmina Koskull, Swedish lady-in-waiting and politically active salonist (d. 1852)
- November 23
- Mariano Moreno, politician (d. 1811)
- Samuel Humphreys, noted American naval architect and shipbuilder in the early 19th century (d. 1846)
- November 24 – Salusbury Pryce Humphreys, Royal Navy officer during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812 (d. 1845)
- November 25
- Joseph Lancaster, English Quaker and public education innovator (d. 1838)
- Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British abolitionist (d. 1856)
- November 26
- Jean-Thomas Taschereau, Canadian politician (d. 1832)
- Henry Fane, British Army general (d. 1840)
- November 28
- Christoph Ernst von Houwald, German writer (d. 1845)
- Filippo di Colloredo-Mels, leader of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (d. 1864)
- Abd al-Rahman of Morocco, Alaouite dynasty member (d. 1859)
- November 29 – Hryhory Kvitka, Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright.
- November 30 – Andrés Guazurary, Argentine general (d. 1825)
- December 6 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist (d. 1850)
- December 7 – Franz Naegele, German obstetrician (d. 1851)
- December 8 – George Crabb, British writer (d. 1851)
- December 9 – Vicente González Moreno, Spanish general (d. 1839)
- December 10 – Antonio Francesco Orioli, cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 1852)
- December 13
- George Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend, British Marquess (d. 1855)
- Thomas Kendall, New Zealand missionary (d. 1832)
- December 15
- Godert van der Capellen, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1848)
- Christiane Luise Amalie Becker, German actor (d. 1797)
- John Penrose, Church of England clergyman and theological writer (d. 1859)
- December 16
- John Ordronaux, Privateersman (d. 1841)
- Ludwig Robert, German dramatist (d. 1832)
- José Colombres, Catholic bishop (d. 1859)
- December 17
- Humphry Davy, English physicist and chemist (d. 1829)
- William Munroe, cabinet maker (d. 1861)
- Juan Martín de Veramendi, Governor of Mexican Texas (d. 1833)
- December 18 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor and comedian (d. 1837)
- December 19 – Marie Thérèse of France, eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette (d. 1851)
- December 20 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American politician (d. 1817)
- December 21 – Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Danish politician (d. 1860)
- December 22 – James Haldane Stewart, British priest (d. 1854)
- December 23 – François de Robiano, Belgian politician (d. 1836)
- December 24
- Inoue Masamoto, Daimyo (d. 1858)
- James Guyon, Jr., American politician (d. 1846)
- Thomas Coventry, English cricketer (d. 1816)
- December 25 – Caleb Atwater, American politician (d. 1867)
- December 27 – Antoine François Eugène Merlin (d. 1854)
- December 28
- Franz Xaver Heller, German botanist (d. 1840)
- William Cowper, English-born Anglican cleric in Australia who was the Archdeacon of Cumberland (d. 1858)
- Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 1st Baron Sudeley, British politician (d. 1858)
- Matthew Arbuckle, United States soldier (d. 1851)
- December 29
- Georg Anton Friedrich Ast, German philosopher (d. 1841)
- Johann Simon Hermstedt, German musician (d. 1846)
- date unknown – Sardar Fath 'Ali Khan, Wazir-i-azam of Kabul (d. 1818)
Deaths[edit]
- January 10 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (b. 1707)
- February 18 – Joseph Marie Terray, French statesman (b. 1715)
- February 20 – Laura Bassi, Italian scholar (b. 1711)
- March 5 – Thomas Arne, English composer of Rule, Britannia! (b. 1710)
- March 7 – Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. 1720)
- March 13 – Charles le Beau, French historian (b. 1701)
- April 22 – James Hargreaves, English weaver, carpenter, and inventor (b. 1720)
- May 11 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1708)
- May 16 – Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English diplomat and politician (b. 1718)
- May 30 – Voltaire, French philosopher (b. 1694)
- June 12 – Philip Livingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1716)
- June 16 – Konrad Ekhof, German actor (b. 1720)
- June 24 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (b. 1714)
- July 2
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher (b. 1712)
- Bathsheba Spooner, American murderer (b. c. 1746)
- July 3 – Anna Maria Mozart, Austrian mother to the Mozarts (b. 1720)
- July 5 – James Townley, English dramatist (b. 1714)
- August 5 – Charles Clémencet, French historian (b. 1703)
- August 12 – Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, British general and politician (b. 1714)
- November 9 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)
- November 20 – Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (b. 1726)
- date unknown – Tomas Johnson, furniture maker (b. 1714)
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- John Blair; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1778". Blair's Chronological Tables. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.