1847
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This article is about the year 1847. For the number, see 1847 (number).
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
| Decades: | 1810s 1820s 1830s – 1840s – 1850s 1860s 1870s |
| Years: | 1844 1845 1846 – 1847 – 1848 1849 1850 |
| 1847 in topic: |
| Humanities |
| Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music |
| By country |
| Australia – Brazil - Canada – Denmark - France – Germany – Mexico – Norway - Philippines - Portugal– Russia - South Africa – Spain - Sweden - United Kingdom – United States |
| Other topics |
| Rail Transport – Science – Sports |
| Lists of leaders |
| Colonial Governors – State leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Works |
| Gregorian calendar | 1847 MDCCCXLVII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2600 |
| Armenian calendar | 1296 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6597 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 3–4 |
| Bengali calendar | 1254 |
| Berber calendar | 2797 |
| British Regnal year | 10 Vict. 1 – 11 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2391 |
| Burmese calendar | 1209 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7355–7356 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙午年 (Fire Horse) 4543 or 4483 — to — 丁未年 (Fire Goat) 4544 or 4484 |
| Coptic calendar | 1563–1564 |
| Discordian calendar | 3013 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1839–1840 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5607–5608 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1903–1904 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1769–1770 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4948–4949 |
| Holocene calendar | 11847 |
| Igbo calendar | 847–848 |
| Iranian calendar | 1225–1226 |
| Islamic calendar | 1263–1264 |
| Japanese calendar | Kōka 4 (弘化4年) |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4180 |
| Minguo calendar | 65 before ROC 民前65年 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2389–2390 |
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1847. |
Year 1847 (MDCCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
Events[edit]
January–March[edit]
- January 4 – Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S government.
- January 13 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends the fighting in the Mexican–American War in California.
- January 16 – John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.
- January 17 – St. Anthony Hall is founded at Columbia University, New York City, New York.
- January 30 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
- February 5 – A rescue effort, called the First Relief, leaves Johnson's Ranch to save the ill-fated Donner Party. These California bound emigrants became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada in the winter of 1846–47, and some had resorted to cannibalism to survive.
- February 22 – Mexican–American War – The Battle of Buena Vista: 5,000 American troops under General Zachary Taylor use their superiority in artillery to drive off 15,000 Mexican troops under Antonio López de Santa Anna, defeating the Mexicans the next day.
- March 1
- The state of Michigan formally abolishes the death penalty.
- Faustin Soulouque is elected the President of Haiti.
- March 4 – The 30th United States Congress is sworn into office.
- March 9 – Mexican–American War: United States forces under General Winfield Scott invade Mexico near Veracruz.
- March 14 – Verdi's opera Macbeth premieres at Teatro della Pergola in Florence, Italy.
- March 29 – Mexican–American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.
April–June[edit]
- April 5 – The world's first municipally-funded civic public park, Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead on Merseyside in England, is opened.[1]
- April 15 – The Lawrence School, Sanawar is established.
- April 16 – New Zealand Wars: A minor Māori chief is accidentally shot by a junior British Army officer in Whanganui on New Zealand's North Island, triggering the Wanganui Campaign which continues until July 23.
- April 25 – The brig Exmouth carrying Irish emigrants from Derry bound for Quebec is wrecked off Islay with only three survivors from more than 250 on board.[2][3]
- May – The Architectural Association School of Architecture is founded in London.
- May 7 – In Philadelphia, the American Medical Association (AMA) is founded.
- May 31 – Second Treaty of Erzurum: the Ottoman Empire cedes Abadan Island to the Persian Empire.
- June – E.H. Booth & Co. Ltd, which becomes the northern England supermarket chain Booths, is founded when 19-year-old tea dealer Edwin Henry Booth opens a shop called "The China House" in Blackpool.
- June 1
- The first congress of the Communist League is held in London.
- June 26 – Opening of the first passenger railway wholly within modern-day Denmark, from Copenhagen to Roskilde.[4]
July–September[edit]
- July 1 – The United States issues its first postage stamps (pictured).
- July 24 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
- July 26 – Liberia gains independence.
- July 29 – The Cumberland School of Law is founded at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee. At the end of this year only 15 law schools exist in the United States.
- August 12 – U.S. troops of General Winfield Scott begin to advance along the aqueduct around Chalco and Xochimilco lakes in Mexico
- August 20 – U.S. troops defeat Mexican troops in the Battle of Churubusco
- August – Yale Corporation establishes the first graduate school in USA as "Department of Philosophy and the Arts" renamed as "Graduate School of Arts and Sciences" in 1892.
- September 14 – U.S. general Winfield Scott enters Mexico City, marking the end of organized Mexican resistance in the Mexican–American War.
- September 30 – The Vegetarian Society was formed in the United Kingdom. It remains the oldest in the world.
October–December[edit]
- October 12 – German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
- October 19 – Charlotte Brontë publishes Jane Eyre under the pen name of Currer Bell.
- October 31 – Theta Delta Chi is founded at Union College.
- November 3–29 – Sonderbund War, a civil war in Switzerland in which General Guillaume-Henri Dufour's federal army defeats the Sonderbund (an alliance of seven Catholic cantons) with a total of only 86 deaths.
- November 4–8 – James Young Simpson discovers the anesthetic properties of chloroform and first uses it, successfully, on a patient, in an obstetric case in Edinburgh.[5][6]
- November 10 – The first brew of Carlsberg Beer was finished.
- December 14 – Emily Brontë and Anne Brontë publish Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, respectively, in a 3-volume set under the pen names of Ellis Bell and Acton Bell.
- December 21 – Abdelkader surrenders and is imprisoned by the French.
Date unknown[edit]
- Great Famine continues in Ireland.
- The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the railroad town of Goldsborough, and the Wayne county seat is moved to the new town.
- Radley College, an English public school, is founded near Oxford.
Births[edit]
January–June[edit]
- January 5 – Oku Yasukata, Japanese field marshal and a leading figure in the early Imperial Japanese Army (d. 1930)
- January 7 – Caspar F. Goodrich, American admiral (d. 1925)
- January 24 – Radomir Putnik, Serbian general (d. 1917)
- January 28 – Dorus Rijkers, Dutch naval hero (d. 1928)
- February 8 – Hugh Price Hughes, Methodist social reformer, first Superintendent of the West London Mission (d. 1902)
- February 11 – Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor (d. 1931)
- February 15 – Robert Fuchs, Austrian composer (d. 1927)
- February 16 – Philipp Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d. 1917)
- March 3 – Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-born inventor (d. 1922)
- March 4 – Carl Josef Bayer, Austrian chemist (d. 1904)
- March 8 – John Lister, English politician (d. 1933)
- March 14 – Castro Alves, Brazilian poet (d. 1871)
- March 23 – Edmund Gurney, British psychologist (d. 1888)
- March 27 – Otto Wallach, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931)
- April 2 – Flora Annie Steel, English writer (d. 1929)
- April 10 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born journalist and newspaper publisher (d. 1911)
- May 7 – Archibald Primrose, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1929)
- June 8 – Ida Saxton McKinley, U.S. First Lady (d. 1907)
- June 11 – Millicent Fawcett, British suffragist and feminist (d. 1929)
July–December[edit]
- July 9 – Wong Fei-hung, Chinese healer and revolutionary (d. 1924)
- July 25 – Paul Langerhans, German pathologist and biologist (d. 1888)
- August 14 – Robert Comtesse, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1922)
- August 21 – Hale Johnson, American temperance movement leader (d. 1902)
- September 3 – Charles Stillman Sperry, American admiral (d. 1911)
- September 5 – Jesse James, American outlaw (d. 1882)
- October 1 – Annie Besant, English women's rights activist, writer and orator (d. 1933)
- October 2 – Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany (d. 1934)
- October 14 – Wilgelm Vitgeft, Russian admiral (d. 1904)
- October 17 – Chiquinha Gonzaga, Brazilian composer (d. 1935)
- November 2 – Georges Sorel, French socialist (d. 1922)
- November 7 – Lotta Crabtree, American stage actress (d. 1924)
- November 8 – Bram Stoker, creator of the Gothic novel Dracula (d. 1912)
- November 26 – Dagmar of Denmark, empress of Tsar Alexander III of Russia (d. 1928)
- November 30 – Afonso Pena, Brazilian president (d. 1909)
- December 7 – George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (d. 1912)
- December 18 – Augusta Holmès, French composer (d. 1903)
- December 17
- Émile Faguet, French writer and critic (d. 1916)
- Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general during World War I (d. 1923)
- December 28 – Giuseppe Maria Giulietti, Italian explorer (d. 1881)
Date unknown[edit]
- Bandō Kakitsu I, Japanese kabuki actor (d. 1893)
Deaths[edit]
January–June[edit]
- January 19 – Charles Bent, first Governor of New Mexico Territory (assassinated)
- March 9 – Mary Anning, British paleontologist (b. 1799)
- April 21 – Barbara Spooner Wilberforce, wife of British Abolitionist William Wilberforce (b. 1777)
- April 30 – Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general (b. 1771)
- May 14 – Fanny Mendelssohn, German composer and pianist (b. 1805)
- May 15 – Daniel O'Connell, Irish politician, who promoted the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 (b. 1775)
- May 29 – Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy, French marshal (b. 1766)
- May 31 – Abbasgulu Bakikhanov, Azerbaijani writer (b. 1794)
July–December[edit]
- July 16 – Karl Friedrich Burdach, German physiologist (b. 1776)
- September 4 – František Vladislav Hek, Czech patriot (b. 1769)
- September 13 – Nicolas Oudinot, French marshal (b. 1767)
- October 3 – Charles Hatchett, English chemist (b. 1765)
- October 22 – Negus Sahle Selassie of Shewa
- November 4 – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (b. 1809)
- December 14 – Manuel José Arce, Central American politician (b. 1787)
References[edit]
- ^ "The History of Birkenhead Park". Retrieved 2007-09-13.
- ^ "The Exmouth - a terrible tragedy on Islay". Isle of Islay. 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ^ "The Exmouth shipwreck off the Antrim Coast, Northern Ireland". My Secret Northern Ireland. Retrieved 2012-07-13.
- ^ Marshall, John (1989). The Guinness Railway Book. Enfield: Guinness. ISBN 978-0-85112-359-2.
- ^ First communicated to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, November 10, and published in a pamphlet, Notice of a New Anæsthetic Agent, in Edinburgh, November 12.
- ^ Gordon, H. Laing (2002). Sir James Young Simpson and Chloroform (1811–1870). Minerva Group, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4102-0291-8. Retrieved 2011-11-11.