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1V-LSD

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1V-LSD
Clinical data
Other names1-Valeryl-LSD; 1-Valeroyl-LSD; 1-Pentanoyl-LSD; Valerie; 1-Valeryl-N,N-diethyllysergamide
Routes of
administration		Oral[1]
Drug classSerotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S8 (Controlled drug)
  • CA: Unscheduled
  • DE: NpSG (Industrial and scientific use only)
  • UK: Under Psychoactive Substances Act
  • US: Unscheduled (when wasn't sold for human consumption)
  • UN: Unscheduled
Pharmacokinetic data
Duration of action6–8 hours (reportedly)[2][3]
Identifiers
  • (6aR,9R)-N,N-Diethyl-7-methyl-4-pentanoyl-4,,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC25H33N3O2
Molar mass407.558 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCN(CC)C(=O)[C@@H]5C=C2[C@@H](Cc3cn(C(=O)CCCC)c4cccc2c34)N(C)C5
  • InChI=1S/C25H33N3O2/c1-5-8-12-23(29)28-16-17-14-22-20(19-10-9-11-21(28)24(17)19)13-18(15-26(22)4)25(30)27(6-2)7-3/h9-11,13,16,18,22H,5-8,12,14-15H2,1-4H3/t18-,22-/m1/s1
  • Key:GIIBVGJWUZNECE-XMSQKQJNSA-N

1V-LSD, also known as 1-valeryl-LSD or by the nickname Valerie, is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).[4][1][2] It is an analogue of LSD and is thought to act as a prodrug of LSD.[4][2] The drug has been encountered as a novel designer recreational drug.[4][5][1]

Use and effects

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See also: LSD § Uses, and LSD § Effects

1V-LSD has been sold in the form of blotter containing 150 μg per tab.[1] Its effects are said to be comparable to 100 to 120 μg 1P-LSD or 1cP-LSD, but with a longer duration.[1] On the other hand, other sources report that 1V-LSD has a shorter duration than LSD of 6 to 8 hours.[2][3]

Interactions

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See also: Psychedelic drug § Interactions, and Trip killer § Serotonergic psychedelic antidotes

Pharmacology

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Pharmacodynamics

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As demonstrated with other N-acylated derivatives of LSD, 1V-LSD is believed to serve as a prodrug for LSD but may also act directly as a weak partial agonist at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[4]

A head-twitch response assay in mice found that 1V-LSD has a similar potency to 1P-LSD and 1cP-LSD, with behavioral effects also closely resembling these structural analogs.[6]

Chemistry

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Synthesis

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1V-LSD is the condensation product of valeric acid (pentanoic acid) and LSD, where the valeroyl group is substituted on the NH position of the indole moiety.[7]

Detection

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Ehrlich's reagent is used to identify the presence of an indole moiety; the chemical backbone of the lysergamide and ergoline molecules.[8] However, as with other N-acylated lysergamides, 1V-LSD reacts very slowly to Ehrlich reagent and may not give reliable results if the reagent isn't fresh.[9][10]

Analogues

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Related compounds include 1B-LSD, 1cP-LSD, 1D-LSD, 1P-LSD, and AL-LAD, among others.

History

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1V-LSD was first described in the scientific literature by 2022.[5][4]

Society and culture

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1v-LSD strip blotters.

Canada

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1V-LSD is not an explicitly nor implicitly controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.[11]

Germany

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An amendment to the NpSG banned the sale of 1V-LSD in Germany in September 2022. Due to a interpunctation error in the actualised NpSG, the ban never took effect.[12] The law was amended in March 2023, now banning 1V-LSD.

South Korea

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1V-LSD was placed under legal control in South Korea in July 2022 on a temporary but renewable basis.[13]

Sweden

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Since 2 March 2022, 1V-LSD has been under investigation in Sweden and may therefore soon become controlled.

United States

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1V-LSD is not an explicitly controlled substance in the United States.[14] However, it could be considered a controlled substance under the Federal Analogue Act if intended for human consumption.[15]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "1V-LSD". АИПСИН (in Russian). Retrieved 1 January 2026.
  2. ^ a b c d Niesporek T (17 August 2022). Der Hype um legales LSD in Deutschland: Wie das Verbot umgangen wird [The hype surrounding legal LSD in Germany: How the ban is circumvented] (in German). VICE auf Deutsch. Event occurs at 2:10–8:12, 20:05–20:41. Retrieved 29 September 2025 – via YouTube.
  3. ^ a b Niesporek T (17 August 2022). "Wir haben den Erfinder von legalem LSD getroffen" [We met the inventor of legal LSD]. VICE. Archived from the original on 29 September 2025. Retrieved 29 September 2025.
  4. ^ a b c d e Brandt SD, Kavanagh PV, Westphal F, Pulver B, Morton K, Stratford A, et al. (November 2021). "Return of the lysergamides. Part VII: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1-valeroyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1V-LSD)". Drug Testing and Analysis. 14 (4): 733–740. doi:10.1002/dta.3205. PMC 9191648. PMID 34837347.
  5. ^ a b Tanaka R, Kawamura M, Mizutani S, Kikura-Hanajiri R (2022). "Analyses of LSD analogs in illegal products: The identification of 1cP-AL-LAD, 1cP-MIPLA and 1V-LSD". Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique. 34 (3): S171. doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2022.06.295. Retrieved 2 March 2026.
  6. ^ Halberstadt AL, Chatha M, Klein AK, McCorvy JD, Meyer MR, Wagmann L, Stratford A, Brandt SD (August 2020). "Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)". Neuropharmacology. 172 107856. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107856. PMC 9191647. PMID 31756337.
  7. ^ Umehara A, Ueda H, Tokuyama H (November 2016). "Condensation of Carboxylic Acids with Non-Nucleophilic N-Heterocycles and Anilides Using Boc2O". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 81 (22): 11444–11453. doi:10.1021/acs.joc.6b02097. PMID 27767302.
  8. ^ De Faubert Maunder MJ (August 1974). "A field test for hallucinogens: further improvements". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 26 (8): 637–8. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb10677.x. PMID 4155730. S2CID 97915487.
  9. ^ "REACTIONS 1V-LSD". PRO Test. 16 July 2021.
  10. ^ "1V-LSD reaction with the ehrlich reagent". PRO Test. 16 July 2021.
  11. ^ "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Department of Justice Canada. 5 December 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2026.
  12. ^ "Gesetzespanne: Gefährliche LSD-Derivate plötzlich legal".
  13. ^ Kim Chan-hyuk, Regulator names 1V-LSD as narcotic drug temporarily. Korea Biomedical Review, 5 July 2022
  14. ^ Orange Book: List of Controlled Substances and Regulated Chemicals (January 2026) (PDF), United States: U.S. Department of Justice: Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Diversion Control Division, January 2026
  15. ^ 21 U.S. Code § 813 - Treatment of controlled substance analogues
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