2010 Nobel Prizes
The 2010 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.[1]
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.[2][3]
Prizes
[edit]Physics
[edit]| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Andre Geim
(b. 1958) |
 Russian
|
"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" | [4] |
|
Konstantin Novoselov
(b. 1974) | |||
Chemistry
[edit]| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Richard F. Heck
(1931–2015) |
 American
|
"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" | [5] |
|
Ei-ichi Negishi
(1935–2021) |
 Japanese
| ||
|
Akira Suzuki
(b. 1930) | |||
Physiology or Medicine
[edit]| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
|
Sir Robert G. Edwards
(1925–2013) |
 United Kingdom
|
"for the development of in vitro fertilization" | [6] |
Literature
[edit]| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
|
Mario Vargas Llosa
(1936–2025) |
 Peru
|
"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat" | [7] |
Peace
[edit]| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
|
Liu Xiaobo[A]
(1955–2017) |
 China
|
"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China." | [8] |
Economic Sciences
[edit]| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Peter A. Diamond
(b. 1940) |
United States
|
"for their analysis of markets with search frictions" | [9] |
|
Dale T. Mortensen
(1939–2014) | |||
|
Christopher A. Pissarides
(b. 1948) |
 Cyprus
| ||
A Liu Xiaobo's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in China.[10]
Controversies
[edit]Physics
[edit]The 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of the University of Manchester "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene". Several problems with the factual accuracy of the supporting documents issued by the Nobel committee have been pointed out, including that they seem to wrongly attribute the discovery of graphene to Geim and Novoselov, and they did not take into account other contributions to graphene research, like those from Walter de Heer and Philip Kim.[11]
Peace
[edit]Led by pressure from China, several countries boycotted the awards ceremony in Norway due to the Peace Prize's awarding to Liu. China also announced the inauguration of their own peace prize, the Confucius Peace Prize, to be awarded the day before the Nobel Prizes award ceremony.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- ^ Royen, Ulrika (2013-06-01). "Video - 2010 The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- ^ Walker, Peter (2010-12-10). "Nobel peace prize placed on empty chair in honour of Liu Xiaobo". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
- ^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
- ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011-11-29.
- ^ "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2010-10-08. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
- ^ Jagland, Thorbjørn. "Award Ceremony Speech (2010)". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011-09-06. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
- ^ Samuel Reich, Eugenie (2010). "Nobel document triggers debate". Nature. 468 (7323): 486. Bibcode:2010Natur.468..486R. doi:10.1038/468486a. PMID 21107397.
- ^ Cowell, Alan (December 7, 2010). "19 Countries to Skip Nobel Ceremony, While China Offers Its Own Prize".