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2024 United States Senate elections

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2024 United States Senate elections

← 2022 November 5, 2024 2026 →

34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate
51[a] seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Mitch McConnell
(retired as leader)
Chuck Schumer
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since January 3, 2007 January 3, 2017
Leader's seat Kentucky New York
Seats before 49 47[c]
Seats after 53 45[d]
Seat change Increase 4 Decrease 2
Popular vote 54,306,708[1] 55,706,925[1]
Percentage 47.8% 49.0%
Seats up 11 19
Races won 15 17

  Third party
 
Party Independent
Seats before 4[c]
Seats after 2[d]
Seat change Decrease 2
Popular vote 1,302,089[1]
Percentage 1.1%
Seats up 4
Races won 2

2024 United States Senate elections in California2024 United States Senate special election in Nebraska2024 United States Senate election in Arizona2024 United States Senate elections in California2024 United States Senate election in Connecticut2024 United States Senate election in Delaware2024 United States Senate election in Florida2024 United States Senate election in Hawaii2024 United States Senate election in Indiana2024 United States Senate election in Maine2024 United States Senate election in Maryland2024 United States Senate election in Massachusetts2024 United States Senate election in Michigan2024 United States Senate election in Minnesota2024 United States Senate election in Mississippi2024 United States Senate election in Missouri2024 United States Senate election in Montana2024 United States Senate election in Nebraska2024 United States Senate election in Nevada2024 United States Senate election in New Jersey2024 United States Senate election in New Mexico2024 United States Senate election in New York2024 United States Senate election in North Dakota2024 United States Senate election in Ohio2024 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania2024 United States Senate election in Rhode Island2024 United States Senate election in Tennessee2024 United States Senate election in Texas2024 United States Senate election in Utah2024 United States Senate election in Vermont2024 United States Senate election in Virginia2024 United States Senate election in Washington2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia2024 United States Senate election in Wisconsin2024 United States Senate election in Wyoming
Results of the elections:
     Democratic hold      Democratic gain
     Republican hold      Republican gain
     Independent hold
Rectangular inset (Nebraska): both seats up for election

Majority Leader before election

Chuck Schumer
Democratic

Elected Majority Leader

John Thune
Republican

The 2024 United States Senate elections were held on November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States elections. Regularly scheduled elections were held for 33 out of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate, plus one seat in a special election.[4][5] Senators are divided into 3 classes whose 6-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every 2 years.[6] Class 1 senators faced election in 2024.[7] Republicans flipped four Democratic-held seats, regaining a Senate majority for the first time since 2021.

There were 26 senators (15 Democrats, 9 Republicans, and 2 independents) seeking re-election in 2024.[8] There were also 2 Republicans (Mike Braun of Indiana and Mitt Romney of Utah), 3 Democrats (Ben Cardin of Maryland, Tom Carper of Delaware, Debbie Stabenow of Michigan), and 2 independents (Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) not seeking re-election.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Laphonza Butler of California and George Helmy of New Jersey, Democrats who were appointed to their current seats in 2023 and 2024, respectively, were not seeking election in 2024.[16][17]

Concurrent with the 2024 regular Senate elections, two special Senate elections took place: one in California, to fill the final two months of Dianne Feinstein's term following her death in September 2023; and one in Nebraska, to fill the remaining two years of Ben Sasse's term following his resignation in January 2023.[18][14][19] Republicans won control of the U.S. Senate with 53 seats by flipping the open seat in West Virginia and defeating Democratic incumbents in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, while all Republican incumbents won re-election. This is the first time since 1980 that Republicans flipped control of either chamber of Congress in a presidential year. With Republicans flipping West Virginia, this is the first time since 2014 that Republicans flipped any open Democratic-held seat. Republicans successfully defended all their own seats for the first time since 2014.

This election had the highest number of senators elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party (and the first time that Democrats won Senate seats both in open seats and as incumbents in states they did not carry in the concurrent presidential election) since 2012: Democrats Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin, Ruben Gallego of Arizona, Jacky Rosen of Nevada, and Elissa Slotkin of Michigan were narrowly elected in states carried by Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump.[20][21][22][23] These mismatches are twice as many splits between states’ presidential and U.S. Senate results than in all Senate elections held in 2020, 2021 and 2022 combined.[24] No states had splits in the other direction, electing Republican senators but picking Democrat Kamala Harris for president, although Pennsylvania, electing Republican Dave McCormick by 0.2% in the year's closest senate race, was also 2024's tipping point state.[25][26]

Partisan composition

[edit]

All 33 Class 1 Senate seats, and one Class 2 seat, were up for election in 2024; where Class 1 currently consists of 20 Democrats, 4 independents who caucus with the Senate Democrats,[e] and 10 Republicans.

Burgess Everett of Politico considered the map for these Senate elections to be highly unfavorable to Democrats. Democrats were to defend 23 of the 33 Class 1 seats,[29] including three in states won by Republican Donald Trump in both 2016 and 2020. In contrast, there are no seats in this class held by Republicans in states won by Democrat Joe Biden in 2020. In the previous Senate election cycle that coincided with a presidential election (2020), only one senator (Susan Collins of Maine) was elected in a state that was simultaneously won by the presidential nominee of the opposite party.[30]

Time's Eric Cortellessa wrote that the thesis of the Republican's success boiled down to the simple slogan "Max out the men and hold the women", meaning emphasizing the economy and immigration, which Trump did "relentlessly". Cortellessa also mentioned Trump's minimization of his numerous controversies, and push-offs of criminal trials via "a combination of friendly judges and legal postponements" to after the election. He said Trump's "advanced age and increasingly incoherent trail rhetoric" were taken by voters in stride, and that "much of the country read Trump's legal woes as part of a larger corrupt conspiracy to deny him, and them, power".[31] NPR wrote that "Americans have continued to chafe at higher than pre-pandemic prices and the lack of affordable housing", and that much of the voter placed the blame "squarely" on the Biden administration, wishing for the economy that Trump established years ago. NPR said demographics played an important role, with White voters going up as a share of the electorate from 67% to 71% and the Republicans winning 46% of Latinos, and mentioned polling's "continued underestimation of Republicans's support nationally and in the key swing states".[32]

Summary results

[edit]

Seats

[edit]
Parties Total
Democratic Independent Republican
Last elections (2022) 49 2 49 100
Before these elections 47 4 49 100
Not up 28 38 66
Class 2 (20202026) 13 19 32
Class 3 (20222028) 15 19 34
Up 19[f] 4[g] 11 33
Class 1 (2018→2024) 21[g] 2 10 33
Special: Class 1 & 2 1[f] 1[h] 2
General election
Incumbent retiring 5[f] 2 2 9
Held by same party 5 2 7
Replaced by other party Decrease 1 Independent replaced by Increase 1 Republican
Decrease 1 Independent replaced by Increase 1 Democrat
2
Result 6 3 9
Incumbent running 13 2 8 23
Won re-election 10 2 8 20
Lost re-election Decrease 3 Democrats replaced by Increase 3 Republicans 3
Result 10 2 11 23
Special elections
Appointee retiring 1[f] 1
Appointee running 1[h] 1
Individuals elected 1 1 2
Result 1 1 2
Result 45 2 53 100

Change in composition

[edit]

Each block represents one of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate. "D#" is a Democratic/active senator, "I#" is an Independent senator, and "R#" is a Republican/active senator. They are arranged so that the parties are separated, and a majority is clear by crossing the middle.

Before the elections

[edit]

Each block indicates an incumbent senator's actions going into the election.

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29
Calif.
Retiring
D30
Conn.
Running
D40
N.M.
Running
D39
N.J.
Retiring
D38
Nev.
Running
D37
Mont.
Running
D36
Minn.
Running
D35
Mich.
Retiring
D34
Mass.
Running
D33
Md.
Retiring
D32
Hawaii
Running
D31
Del.
Retiring
D41
N.Y.
Running
D42
Ohio
Running
D43
Pa.
Running
D44
R.I.
Running
D45
Va.
Running
D46
Wash.
Running
D47
Wis.
Running
I1
Ariz.
Retiring
I2
Maine
Running
I3
Vt.
Running
Majority (with Independents) ↑
R41
Miss.
Running
R42
Mo.
Running
R43
Neb. (reg)
Running
R44
Neb. (sp)
Running
R45
N.D.
Running
R46
Tenn.
Running
R47
Texas
Running
R48
Utah
Retiring
R49
Wyo.
Running
I4
W.Va.
Retiring
R40
Ind.
Retiring
R39
Fla.
Running
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10

After the elections

[edit]
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10
D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11
D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29
Calif.
Hold
D30
Conn.
Re-elected
D40
N.Y.
Re-elected
D39
N.M.
Re-elected
D38
N.J.
Hold
D37
Nev.
Re-elected
D36
Minn.
Re-elected
D35
Mich.
Hold
D34
Mass.
Re-elected
D33
Md.
Hold
D32
Hawaii
Re-elected
D31
Del.
Hold
D41
R.I.
Re-elected
D42
Va.
Re-elected
D43
Wash.
Re-elected
D44
Wisc.
Re-elected
D45
Ariz.
Gain
I1
Maine
Re-elected
I2
Vt.
Re-elected
R53
W.Va.
Gain
R52
Pa.
Gain
R51
Ohio
Gain
Majority →
R41
Miss.
Re-elected
R42
Mo.
Re-elected
R43
Neb. (reg)
Re-elected
R44
Neb. (sp)
Elected[i]
R45
N.D.
Re-elected
R46
Tenn.
Re-elected
R47
Texas
Re-elected
R48
Utah
Hold
R49
Wyo.
Re-elected
R50
Mont.
Gain
R40
Ind.
Hold
R39
Fla.
Re-elected
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31
R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30
R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Key
D# Democratic
R# Republican
I# Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Predictions

[edit]

Several sites and individuals published predictions of competitive seats. These predictions looked at factors such as the strength of the incumbent (if the incumbent was running for reelection) and the other candidates, and the state's partisan lean (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assigned ratings to each seat, indicating the predicted advantage that a party had in winning that seat. Most election predictors used:

  • "tossup": no advantage
  • "tilt" (used by some predictors): advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
  • "lean" or "leans": slight advantage
  • "likely": significant, but surmountable, advantage
  • "safe" or "solid": near-certain chance of victory
Constituency Incumbent Ratings
State PVI[33] Senator Last
election[j]
Cook
Oct. 21,
2024
[34]
IE
Oct. 31,
2024
[35]
Sabato
Nov. 4,
2024
[36]
RCP
Oct. 30,
2024
[37]
ED
Nov. 4,
2024
[38]
CNalysis
Nov. 4,
2024
[39]
DDHQ/The Hill
Nov. 5,
2024
[40]
Fox
Oct. 29,
2024
[41]
538
Nov. 2,
2024
[42]
Result
Arizona R+2 Kyrsten Sinema
(retiring)
50.0% D[k] Lean D (flip) Lean D (flip) Lean D (flip) Tossup Likely D (flip) Likely D (flip) Lean D (flip) Lean D (flip) Likely D (flip) Gallego
50.1% D (flip)
California[l] D+13 Laphonza Butler
(retiring)
Appointed
(2023)[m]
Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Schiff
59.0% D
Connecticut D+7 Chris Murphy 59.5% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Murphy
58.6% D
Delaware D+7 Tom Carper
(retiring)
60.0% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Blunt Rochester
56.6% D
Florida R+3 Rick Scott 50.1% R Likely R Likely R Likely R Lean R Likely R Likely R Lean R Likely R Likely R Scott
56.6% R
Hawaii D+14 Mazie Hirono 71.2% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Hirono
64.6% D
Indiana R+11 Mike Braun
(retiring)
50.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Banks
58.7% R
Maine D+2 Angus King 54.3% I Solid I Solid I Safe I Solid I Safe I Solid I Safe I Solid I Likely I King
51.8% I
Maryland D+14 Ben Cardin
(retiring)
64.9% D Likely D Likely D Likely D Lean D Safe D Solid D Safe D Lean D Solid D Alsobrooks
54.4% D
Massachusetts D+15 Elizabeth Warren 60.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Warren
59.4% D
Michigan R+1 Debbie Stabenow
(retiring)
52.3% D Tossup Tilt D Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D Lean D Tossup Likely D Slotkin
48.7% D
Minnesota D+1 Amy Klobuchar 60.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Klobuchar
56.3% D
Mississippi R+11 Roger Wicker 58.5% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Wicker
63.4% R
Missouri R+10 Josh Hawley 51.4% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Likely R Safe R Solid R Likely R Solid R Solid R Hawley
55.6% R
Montana R+11 Jon Tester 50.3% D Lean R (flip) Tilt R (flip) Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) Lean R (flip) Tilt R (flip) Likely R (flip) Lean R (flip) Likely R (flip) Sheehy
52.6% R (flip)
Nebraska
(regular)
R+13 Deb Fischer 57.7% R Lean R Lean R Lean R Lean R Likely R Tilt R Likely R Lean R Likely R Fischer
53.6% R
Nebraska
(special)
R+13 Pete Ricketts Appointed
(2023)[n]
Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Ricketts
62.8% R
Nevada R+1 Jacky Rosen 50.4% D Lean D Lean D Lean D Tossup Likely D Lean D Lean D Lean D Likely D Rosen
47.9% D
New Jersey D+6 George Helmy
(retiring)
Appointed
(2024)[o]
Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Likely D Kim
53.6% D
New Mexico D+3 Martin Heinrich 54.1% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Lean D Safe D Solid D Likely D Likely D Solid D Heinrich
55.1% D
New York D+10 Kirsten Gillibrand 67.0% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Gillibrand
58.5% D
North Dakota R+20 Kevin Cramer 55.1% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Cramer
66.5% R
Ohio R+6 Sherrod Brown 53.4% D Tossup Tossup Lean R (flip) Tossup Lean D Tilt D Tossup Tossup Tossup Moreno
50.2% R (flip)
Pennsylvania R+2 Bob Casey Jr. 55.7% D Tossup Tilt D Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D Tossup Tossup Lean D McCormick
48.8% R (flip)
Rhode Island D+8 Sheldon Whitehouse 61.4% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Whitehouse
60.0% D
Tennessee R+14 Marsha Blackburn 54.7% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Blackburn
63.8% R
Texas R+5 Ted Cruz 50.9% R Lean R Tilt R Lean R Tossup Lean R Tilt R Lean R Likely R Likely R Cruz
53.1% R
Utah R+13 Mitt Romney
(retiring)
62.6% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Curtis
62.5% R
Vermont D+16 Bernie Sanders 67.4% I Solid I Solid I Safe I Solid I Safe I Solid I Safe I Solid I Solid I Sanders
63.3% I
Virginia D+3 Tim Kaine 57.0% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Likely D Safe D Solid D Likely D Solid D Likely D Kaine
54.1% D
Washington D+8 Maria Cantwell 58.3% D Solid D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Safe D Solid D Solid D Cantwell
59.4% D
West Virginia R+22 Joe Manchin
(retiring)
49.6% D[p] Solid R (flip) Solid R (flip) Safe R (flip) Solid R (flip) Safe R (flip) Solid R (flip) Safe R (flip) Solid R (flip) Solid R (flip) Justice
68.8% R (flip)
Wisconsin R+2 Tammy Baldwin 55.4% D Tossup Tilt D Lean D Tossup Lean D Lean D Tossup Tossup Lean D Baldwin
49.4% D
Wyoming R+25 John Barrasso 67.0% R Solid R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Safe R Solid R Solid R Barrasso
75.7% R
Overall[q] D/I - 45
R - 51
4 tossups
D/I - 48
R - 51
1 tossup
D/I - 48
R - 52
0 tossups
D/I - 43
R - 50
7 tossups
D/I - 49
R - 51
0 tossups
D/I - 49
R - 51
0 tossups
D/I - 46
R - 51
3 tossups
D/I - 45
R - 51
4 tossups
D/I - 48
R - 51
1 tossup
Results:
D/I - 47
R - 53

Gains and holds

[edit]

Retirements

[edit]
Map of retirements:
  Republican incumbent
  Democratic incumbent
  Independent incumbent
  Republican incumbent retiring
  Democratic incumbent retiring
  Independent incumbent retiring

Nine senators announced plans to retire. Senator Dianne Feinstein had previously announced her intent to retire at the end of her term; however, she died on September 29, 2023.

State Senator Replaced by Ref
Arizona Kyrsten Sinema Ruben Gallego [15]
California Laphonza Butler Adam Schiff [16]
Delaware Tom Carper Lisa Blunt Rochester [11]
Indiana Mike Braun Jim Banks [9]
Maryland Ben Cardin Angela Alsobrooks [10]
Michigan Debbie Stabenow Elissa Slotkin [14]
New Jersey George Helmy Andy Kim [17]
Utah Mitt Romney John Curtis [12]
West Virginia Joe Manchin Jim Justice [13]

Defeats

[edit]

Three Democrats sought re-election but lost in the general election.

State Senator Replaced by
Montana Jon Tester Tim Sheehy
Ohio Sherrod Brown Bernie Moreno
Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. David McCormick

Post-election changes

[edit]

Two Republicans — Vice President-elect JD Vance and Secretary of State-designate Marco Rubio — are set to resign on or before January 20, 2025.

State Senator Replaced by Ref
Ohio
(Class 3)
JD Vance TBD [44]
Florida
(Class 3)
Marco Rubio TBD [45]

Race summary

[edit]

Special elections during the preceding Congress

[edit]

In each special election, the winner's term begins immediately after their election is certified by their state's government.

Elections are sorted by date then state.

State Incumbent Status Candidates[46]
Senator Party Electoral history
California
(Class 1)
Laphonza Butler Democratic 2023 (appointed) Interim appointee retiring.[16]
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Nebraska
(Class 2)
Pete Ricketts Republican 2023 (appointed) Interim appointee elected.

Elections leading to the next Congress

[edit]

In these general elections, the winners will be elected for the term beginning January 3, 2025.

State Incumbent Candidates[46]
Senator Party Electoral history Result
Arizona Kyrsten Sinema Independent 2018[k] Incumbent retiring.[15]
Democratic gain.
  • Green tickY Ruben Gallego (Democratic) 50.1%
  • Kari Lake (Republican) 47.7%
  • Eduardo Heredia-Quintana (Green) 2.3%
California Laphonza Butler Democratic 2023 (appointed) Interim appointee retiring.[16]
Democratic hold.
Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.
Connecticut Chris Murphy Democratic 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Chris Murphy (Democratic) 58.6%
  • Matthew Corey (Republican) 39.7%
  • Robert F. Hyde (Independent) 0.9%
  • Justin Paglino (Green) 0.8%
Delaware Tom Carper Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018
Incumbent retiring.[11]
Democratic hold.
Florida Rick Scott Republican 2018 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Rick Scott (Republican) 55.6%
  • Debbie Mucarsel-Powell (Democratic) 42.8%
  • Ben Everidge (Independent) 0.6%
  • Feena Bonoan (Libertarian) 0.5%
  • Tuan Nguyen (Independent) 0.5%
Hawaii Mazie Hirono Democratic 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
Indiana Mike Braun Republican 2018 Incumbent retiring to run for governor.[9]
Republican hold.
  • Green tickY Jim Banks (Republican) 58.7%
  • Valerie McCray (Democratic) 38.8%
  • Andy Horning (Libertarian) 2.6%
Maine Angus King Independent 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Angus King (Independent) 51.8%
  • Demitroula Kouzounas (Republican) 34.6%
  • David Costello (Democratic) 10.6%
  • Jason Cherry (Independent) 2.5%
Maryland Ben Cardin Democratic 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent retiring.[10]
Democratic hold.
Massachusetts Elizabeth Warren Democratic 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
Michigan Debbie Stabenow Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018
Incumbent retiring.[14]
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Elissa Slotkin (Democratic) 48.7%
  • Mike Rogers (Republican) 48.3%
  • Joseph Solis-Mullen (Libertarian) 1.0%
  • Douglas Marsh (Green) 1.0%
  • Dave Stein (Constitution) 0.7%
  • Doug Dern (Natural Law) 0.3%
Minnesota Amy Klobuchar DFL 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi Roger Wicker Republican 2007 (appointed)
2008 (special)
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Roger Wicker (Republican) 63.4%
  • Ty Pinkins (Democratic) 36.6%
Missouri Josh Hawley Republican 2018 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Josh Hawley (Republican) 55.6%
  • Lucas Kunce (Democratic) 41.8%
  • W. C. Young (Libertarian) 1.2%
  • Jared Young (Independent) 0.7%
  • Nathan Kline (Green) 0.7%
Montana Jon Tester Democratic 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickY Tim Sheehy (Republican) 52.6%
  • Jon Tester (Democratic) 45.5%
  • Sid Daoud (Libertarian) 1.2%
  • Michael Downey (Green) 0.7%
Nebraska Deb Fischer Republican 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
Nevada Jacky Rosen Democratic 2018 Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey George Helmy Democratic 2024 (appointed) Interim appointee retiring.[17]
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Andy Kim (Democratic) 53.6%
  • Curtis Bashaw (Republican) 44.0%
  • Christina Khalil (Green) 1.1%
  • Ken Kaplan (Libertarian) 0.6%
  • Patricia Mooneyham (Independent) 0.4%
  • Joanne Kuniansky (Socialist Workers) 0.2%
New Mexico Martin Heinrich Democratic 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Martin Heinrich (Democratic) 55.1%
  • Nella Domenici (Republican) 44.9%
New York Kirsten Gillibrand Democratic 2009 (appointed)
2010 (special)
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
North Dakota Kevin Cramer Republican 2018 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio Sherrod Brown Democratic 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. Democratic 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickY David McCormick (Republican) 48.8%
  • Bob Casey Jr. (Democratic) 48.6%
  • John Thomas (Libertarian) 1.3%
  • Leila Hazou (Green) 1.0%
  • Marty Selker (Constitution) 0.3%
Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse Democratic 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee Marsha Blackburn Republican 2018 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Marsha Blackburn (Republican) 63.8%
  • Gloria Johnson (Democratic) 34.2%
  • Tharon Chandler (Independent) 0.9%
  • Pamela Moses (Independent) 0.8%
  • Hastina Robinson (Independent) 0.3%
Texas Ted Cruz Republican 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
Utah Mitt Romney Republican 2018 Incumbent retiring.[12]
Republican hold.
Vermont Bernie Sanders Independent 2006
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Bernie Sanders (Independent) 63.3%
  • Gerald Malloy (Republican) 32.1%
  • Steve Berry (Independent) 2.2%
  • Matt Hill (Libertarian) 1.2%
  • Justin Schoville (Peace and Justice) 0.9%
  • Matt Stewart Greenstein (Independent) 0.3%
Virginia Tim Kaine Democratic 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Tim Kaine (Democratic) 54.1%
  • Hung Cao (Republican) 45.9%
Washington Maria Cantwell Democratic 2000
2006
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Maria Cantwell (Democratic) 59.4%
  • Raul Garcia (Republican) 40.5%
West Virginia Joe Manchin Independent 2010 (special)[p]
2012
2018
Incumbent retiring.[13]
Republican gain.
Wisconsin Tammy Baldwin Democratic 2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) 49.4%
  • Eric Hovde (Republican) 48.5%
  • Phil Anderson (Disrupt the Corruption) 1.2%
  • Thomas Leager (America First) 0.9%
Wyoming John Barrasso Republican 2007 (appointed)
2008 (special)
2012
2018
Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY John Barrasso (Republican) 75.7%
  • Scott Morrow (Democratic) 24.3%

Closest races

[edit]

11 races had a margin of victory under 10%:[46]

State Party of winner Margin
Pennsylvania Republican (flip) 0.23%
Michigan Democratic 0.36%
Wisconsin Democratic 0.86%
Nevada Democratic 1.64%
Arizona Democratic 2.41%
Ohio Republican (flip) 3.75%
Nebraska (regular) Republican 6.70%
Montana Republican (flip) 7.15%[r]
Virginia Democratic 8.25%
Texas Republican 8.64%
New Jersey Democratic 9.61%

Arizona

[edit]
Arizona election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Ruben Gallego Kari Lake
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,676,335 1,595,761
Percentage 50.1% 47.7%

County results
Gallego:      50–60%      60–70%
Lake:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Kyrsten Sinema
Independent

Elected U.S. senator

Ruben Gallego
Democratic

One-term independent Kyrsten Sinema was narrowly elected in 2018 as a Democrat with 50.0% of the vote. She left the Democratic Party in December 2022.[47] Sinema announced on March 5, 2024, that she would not run for reelection.[48]

Prior to her retirement announcement, Sinema was considered vulnerable to challengers from the Democratic Party due to her opposition to some of President Joe Biden's agenda,[49] and U.S. representative Ruben Gallego launched an early bid for the Democratic nomination, which he won with no opposition.[50][51]

Among Republicans, Pinal County sheriff Mark Lamb and 2022 gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake have announced their candidacies.[52][53] Lake won the Republican primary by less than expected.

California

[edit]
California election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Candidate Adam Schiff Steve Garvey
Party Democratic Republican
Regular election 9,036,252
58.9%
6,312,594
41.1%
Special election 8,837,051
58.8%
6,204,637
41.2%

County results
Schiff:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Garvey:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Laphonza Butler[s]
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Adam Schiff
Democratic

Five-term Democrat Dianne Feinstein was reelected in 2018 with 54.2% of the vote against another Democrat. On February 14, 2023, Feinstein announced that she would not seek reelection to a sixth term.[54] However, she died on September 29, 2023, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Laphonza Butler, president of EMILY's List, was appointed by California governor Gavin Newsom to succeed Feinstein on October 2, 2023.[55] Butler is not running for election to a full term, or for the final two months of the current term.[16]

There were three major Democratic candidates for the seat — U.S. representatives Barbara Lee, Katie Porter, and Adam Schiff — along with former professional baseball player Steve Garvey running as a Republican.[56][57][58][59][60] Schiff was viewed as representing the establishment wing of the Democratic Party, while Porter and Lee represent the progressive wing.[61]

Schiff and Garvey won the non-partisan primary election which took place on March 5, 2024, during Super Tuesday, setting up a general election campaign between the two.[61]

Due to California's election rules, similar to the previous election for the other seat, there will be two ballot items for the same seat: a general election, to elect a Class 1 senator to a full term beginning with the 119th United States Congress, to be sworn in on January 3, 2025; and a special election, to fill that seat for the final weeks of the 118th Congress.

Connecticut

[edit]
Connecticut election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Chris Murphy Matthew Corey
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,002,955 679,801
Percentage 58.6% 39.7%


Murphy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Corey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Chris Murphy
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Chris Murphy
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Chris Murphy was reelected in 2018 with 59.5% of the vote. He has announced he is running for a third term.[62] Beacon Falls First Selectman Gerry Smith announced his campaign in early February 2024.[63] The Republican primary was won by tavern owner Matthew Corey,[64] who was the Republican nominee in 2018.[65]

Delaware

[edit]
Delaware election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Lisa Blunt Rochester Eric Hansen
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 283,298 197,753
Percentage 56.6% 39.5%

County results
Blunt Rochester:      50–60%      60–70%
Hansen:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Tom Carper
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Lisa Blunt Rochester
Democratic

Four-term Democrat Tom Carper was reelected in 2018 with 60.0% of the vote. He announced on May 22, 2023, that he will be retiring, and will not run for a fifth term.[66]

Delaware's at-large U.S. representative Lisa Blunt Rochester is running for the Democratic nomination to succeed Carper, who endorsed her when he announced his retirement.[67][68]

Term-limited governor John Carney was also considered a possible Democratic candidate.[66][69] Carney announced that he is running for mayor of Wilmington.[70]

Among Republicans, businessman Eric Hansen has announced his candidacy.[71]

Florida

[edit]
Florida election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Rick Scott Debbie Mucarsel-Powell
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 5,977,706 4,603,077
Percentage 55.6% 42.8%

County results
Scott:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Mucarsel-Powell:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Rick Scott
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Rick Scott
Republican

Former governor and incumbent one-term Republican Rick Scott was narrowly elected in 2018 with 50.06% of the vote. He ran for reelection to a second term.[72] Brevard County assistant district attorney Keith Gross and actor John Columbus challenged Scott for the Republican nomination.[73][74] Primary elections took place on August 20, 2024.[75]

Scott won a second term, defeating Democratic former congresswoman Debbie Mucarsel-Powell.[76]

Hawaii

[edit]
Hawaii election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Mazie Hirono Bob McDermott
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 323,489 159,709
Percentage 64.6% 31.9%

County results
Hirono:      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Mazie Hirono
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Mazie Hirono
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Mazie Hirono was reelected in 2018 with 71.2% of the vote. Hirono is running for a third term.[77] Former state representative Bob McDermott won a 6-candidate race to be the Republican nominee.[78]

Indiana

[edit]
Indiana election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Jim Banks Valerie McCray
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,654,350 1,093,341
Percentage 58.7% 38.8%

County results
Banks:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
McCray:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Mike Braun
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Jim Banks
Republican

One-term Republican Mike Braun was elected in 2018 with 50.8% of the vote. Braun is retiring to prepare to run for governor of Indiana.[9] U.S. representative Jim Banks ran unopposed in the primary after his only competition, businessman John Rust, was disqualified.[79]

Psychologist Valerie McCray defeated former state representative Marc Carmichael for the Democratic nomination.[80]

Maine

[edit]
Maine election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Angus King Demitroula Kouzounas David Costello
Party Independent Republican Democratic
Popular vote 423,369 282,867 85,566
Percentage 51.8% 34.6% 10.5%

County results
King:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Kouzonunas:      40–50%

U.S. senator before election

Angus King
Independent

Elected U.S. senator

Angus King
Independent

Two-term Independent incumbent Angus King was reelected in 2018 with 54.3% of the vote in a three-candidate election. He intends to run for a third term, despite previously hinting that he may retire.[81]

Democratic consultant David Costello and dentist Demitroula Kouzounas, a former Maine Republican Party chair, each won their respective party primaries unopposed.[82] They will both face King in the general election in November.

Maryland

[edit]
Maryland election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Angela Alsobrooks Larry Hogan
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,650,912 1,294,344
Percentage 54.6% 42.8%

County results
Alsobrooks:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Hogan:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Ben Cardin
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Angela Alsobrooks
Democratic

Three-term Democrat Ben Cardin was reelected in 2018 with 64.9% of the vote. On May 1, 2023, Cardin announced he is not running for reelection.[83]

Prince George's County executive Angela Alsobrooks defeated U.S. representative David Trone for the Democratic nomination after a contentious primary, where Trone spent heavily from his personal wealth while Alsobrooks had the support of most elected Democrats.[84]

Former governor Larry Hogan easily defeated conservative former state delegate Robin Ficker for the Republican nomination.[85] A popular moderate known for his political independence, Hogan had previously declined to run,[86] but unexpectedly filed to run hours before the candidate filing deadline.[87]

Massachusetts

[edit]
Massachusetts election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Elizabeth Warren John Deaton
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,989,268 1,348,466
Percentage 59.6% 40.4%

Warren:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%
Deaton:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Elizabeth Warren
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Elizabeth Warren
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Elizabeth Warren was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. On March 27, 2023, Warren announced that she is running for reelection.[88]

Software company owner Robert Antonellis,[89] Quincy City Council president Ian Cain,[90] and attorney John Deaton[91] are running as Republicans.

Michigan

[edit]
Michigan election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Elissa Slotkin Mike Rogers
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,708,212 2,687,995
Percentage 48.6% 48.3%

County results
Slotkin:      40-50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Rogers:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Debbie Stabenow
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Elissa Slotkin
Democratic

Four-term Democrat Debbie Stabenow was reelected in 2018 with 52.3% of the vote. She announced on January 5, 2023, that she will retire, and will not run for a fifth term.[14]

Representative Elissa Slotkin,[92] and state representative Leslie Love[93] have announced their candidacies for the Democratic nomination. Businessman and 2006 Republican candidate for this seat Nasser Beydoun has also declared his candidacy as a Democrat.[94] Actor Hill Harper announced his campaign for the Democratic nomination in July 2023.[95]

The primary took place on August 6, 2024. Former U.S. representatives Mike Rogers, Justin Amash, and hedge fund manager Sandy Pensler[96] ran for the Republican nomination.[97][98][99][100]

Representative John James, the Republican nominee for this seat in 2018 and for Michigan's other Senate seat in 2020, declined to run.[101]

The nominees are Slotkin and Rogers, who easily won their primaries as expected.

Minnesota

[edit]
Minnesota election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Amy Klobuchar Royce White
Party Democratic (DFL) Republican
Popular vote 1,792,427 1,291,697
Percentage 56.3% 40.5%

County results
Klobuchar:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
White:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Amy Klobuchar
Democratic (DFL)

Elected U.S. Senator

Amy Klobuchar
Democratic (DFL)

Three-term Democrat Amy Klobuchar was reelected in 2018 with 60.3% of the vote. She is running for a fourth term.[77]

In the August 13 Republican primary, former NBA basketball player Royce White won an eight-candidate primary with 38% of the vote, with banker and retired U.S. Navy commander Joe Fraser finishing second with 29% of the vote[102] Third-party candidates consist of guardianship advocate and Republican candidate for governor in 2022, Independence-Alliance Party candidate, Joyce Lacy.[103]

Mississippi

[edit]
Mississippi election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Roger Wicker Ty Pinkins
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 722,750 417,222
Percentage 63.4% 36.6%

County results
Wicker:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Pinkins:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Roger Wicker
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Roger Wicker
Republican

Two-term Republican Roger Wicker was reelected in 2018 with 58.5% of the vote. Wicker is running for a third full term. He faced a primary challenge from conservative state representative Dan Eubanks and won by a comfortable margin.[104] Wicker will face Democratic lawyer Ty Pinkins in the general election.[105]

Missouri

[edit]
Missouri election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Josh Hawley Lucas Kunce
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,650,953 1,243,022
Percentage 55.6% 41.8%

County results
Hawley:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Kunce:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Josh Hawley
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Josh Hawley
Republican

One-term Republican Josh Hawley was elected in 2018 with 51.4% of the vote. He is running for reelection.[106]

Marine veteran Lucas Kunce, who ran unsuccessfully for the Class III seat in 2022, won the Democratic nomination on August 6, 2024.[107]

Montana

[edit]
Montana election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Tim Sheehy Jon Tester
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 319,579 276,184
Percentage 52.6% 45.5%

County results
Sheehy:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Tester:     50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Jon Tester
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Tim Sheehy
Republican

Three-term Democrat Jon Tester was narrowly reelected in 2018 with 50.3% of the vote. On February 22, 2023, he announced he is running for a fourth term. Tester is one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[108]

Businessman and former Navy SEAL officer Tim Sheehy won the Republican nomination.[109] U.S. representative Matt Rosendale, also a Republican, ran against Sheehy for the nomination in February,[110] but withdrew from the race days later.[111] Sheehy defeated Tester in the general election, marking the first since 1911 that the Republican Party controlled both of Montana's senate seats.

Nebraska

[edit]

There were be two elections in Nebraska, due to the resignation of Ben Sasse.

Nebraska (regular)

[edit]
Nebraska general election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Deb Fischer Dan Osborn
Party Republican Independent
Popular vote 498,721 436,122
Percentage 53.3% 46.7%

County results
Fischer:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Osborn:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Deb Fischer
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Deb Fischer
Republican

Two-term Republican Deb Fischer was reelected in 2018 with 57.7% of the vote. On May 14, 2021, Fischer announced she is seeking reelection, despite previously declaring an intention to retire.[112]

Dan Osborn, a union leader and steamfitter, is running as an independent. Since Osborn declared, the Democratic Party fielded no candidates in order to endorse him, but he stated he would accept the help of no parties.[113]

Nebraska (special)

[edit]
Nebraska special election

← 2020
2026 →
 
Nominee Pete Ricketts Preston Love Jr.
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 584,630 349,593
Percentage 62.6% 37.4%

County results
Ricketts:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Love:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Pete Ricketts
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Pete Ricketts
Republican

Two-term Republican Ben Sasse resigned his seat on January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.[114][18] Former governor and 2006 Senate nominee Pete Ricketts was appointed by Governor Jim Pillen and a special election for the seat will take place concurrently with the 2024 regular Senate elections. Ricketts defeated Air Force veteran John Glen Weaver for the Republican nomination.[115] Former University of Nebraska Omaha professor Preston Love Jr. is running as a Democrat.[116]

Nevada

[edit]
Nevada election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Jacky Rosen Sam Brown
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 701,105 677,046
Percentage 47.9% 46.2%

County results
Rosen:      50–60%
Brown:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Jacky Rosen
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Jacky Rosen
Democratic

One-term Democrat Jacky Rosen was elected in 2018 with 50.4% of the vote. Rosen is running for a second term.[77]

Veteran and 2022 Senate candidate Sam Brown was declared the Republican nominee after winning the June 11 primary.[117] Brown easily won against former ambassador to Iceland Jeffrey Ross Gunter and former state assemblyman Jim Marchant, among others.

New Jersey

[edit]
New Jersey election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Andy Kim Curtis Bashaw
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,159,141 1,772,206
Percentage 53.6% 44.0%

County results
Kim:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Bashaw:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

George Helmy
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Andy Kim
Democratic

Democrat Bob Menendez was reelected in 2018 with 54.0% of the vote. On July 13, 2021, The New Jersey Globe reported that Menendez planned to run for a fourth full term.[118][119] On September 22, 2023, Menendez was indicted on federal bribery charges.[120] On March 14, 2024, a week after his planned retirement, Menendez reversed his decision and attempted to run for re-election as an Independent candidate.[121] Following his conviction on July 16, he announced that he would resign on August 20 and suspend his candidacy.[122][123] Governor Phil Murphy announced that day he would appoint George Helmy, his former chief of staff, to serve as the caretaker before the election.[124]

Financier and current first lady of New Jersey Tammy Murphy also ran for the Democratic nomination, but ended her campaign in March 2024.[125]

Mendham mayor Christine Serrano Glassner[126] and real estate developer Curtis Bashaw[127] ran for the Republican nomination.[128] On June 4, 2024, Bashaw won the Republican primary in an upset.[129]

New Mexico

[edit]
New Mexico election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Martin Heinrich Nella Domenici
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 497,249 405,925
Percentage 55.1% 44.9%

County results
Heinrich:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Domenici:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Martin Heinrich
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Martin Heinrich
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Martin Heinrich was reelected in 2018 with 54.1% of the vote in a three-candidate race. He is running for a third term.[130] Hedge fund executive Nella Domenici, daughter of Pete Domenici, senator from 1973 to 2009, announced her candidacy for the Republican nomination on January 17, 2024.[131]

New York

[edit]
New York election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Kirsten Gillibrand Mike Sapraicone
Party Democratic Republican
Alliance Working Families Conservative
Popular vote 4,507,057 3,164,097
Percentage 58.5% 41.0%

County results
Gillibrand:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Sapraicone:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Kirsten Gillibrand
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Kirsten Gillibrand
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Kirsten Gillibrand was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. She is running for a third full term.[132]

Former New York City Police detective Mike Sapraicone has declared his candidacy as a Republican.[133]

North Dakota

[edit]
North Dakota election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Kevin Cramer Katrina Christiansen
Party Republican Democratic–NPL
Popular vote 241,569 121,602
Percentage 66.5% 33.5%

County results
Cramer:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Christiansen:      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Kevin Cramer
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Kevin Cramer
Republican

One-term Republican Kevin Cramer was elected in 2018 with 55.1% of the vote. Cramer is running for re-election.[134]

Democrat Katrina Christiansen, an engineering professor from the University of Jamestown and candidate for the Senate in 2022 is her party's nominee.[135]

Ohio

[edit]
Ohio election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Bernie Moreno Sherrod Brown
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 2,807,353 2,597,701
Percentage 50.2% 46.4%

County results
Moreno:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Brown:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Sherrod Brown
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Bernie Moreno
Republican

Three-term Democrat Sherrod Brown was reelected in 2018 with 53.4% of the vote. Brown is running for a fourth term. He is also one of two Democratic senators running for reelection who represent states won by Republican Donald Trump in both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections.[136]

The Republican nominee is businessman Bernie Moreno, who defeated state senator Matt Dolan and secretary of state Frank LaRose in the primary election.[137]

Moreno defeated Brown in the general election 50.2% to 46.4%.

Pennsylvania

[edit]
Pennsylvania election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee David McCormick Bob Casey Jr.
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 3,398,628 3,382,423
Percentage 48.8% 48.6%

County results
McCormick:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Casey:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Bob Casey Jr.
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

David McCormick
Republican

Three-term Democrat Bob Casey Jr., was reelected in 2018 with 55.7% of the vote. Casey was running for a fourth term.[138] He was challenged by engineer Blaine Forkner.[139]

2022 Senate candidate David McCormick was the Republican nominee.[140] McCormick won from Casey by 48.8% to 48.6% in the November 5, 2024 general election.[141] Initially, despite the Associated Press calling the race for McCormick, Casey refused to concede the race due to unknown numbers of outstanding provisional ballots in primarily urban areas.[142] Senate majority leader Chuck Schumer originally did not invite McCormick to the “New Senator Orientation Event,” however Schumer relented after criticism from Republicans and independent Arizona senator Kyrsten Sinema.[143][144] Casey eventually conceded on November 21 and McCormick was officially declared the winner.

Rhode Island

[edit]
Rhode Island election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Sheldon Whitehouse Patricia Morgan
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 294,665 196,039
Percentage 60.0% 40.0%

Whitehouse:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Morgan:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Sheldon Whitehouse
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Sheldon Whitehouse
Democratic

Three-term Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was reelected in 2018 with 61.4% of the vote. He is running for a fourth term. Republicans who have announced their candidacies include state representative Patricia Morgan[145] and IT professional Raymond McKay.[146]

Tennessee

[edit]
Tennessee election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Marsha Blackburn Gloria Johnson
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 1,916,682 1,026,413
Percentage 63.8% 34.2%

County results
Blackburn:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Johnson:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Marsha Blackburn
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Marsha Blackburn
Republican

One-term Republican Marsha Blackburn was elected in 2018 with 54.7% of the vote. Blackburn has filed paperwork to run for reelection. The Democratic nominee is state representative Gloria Johnson.[147]

Texas

[edit]
Texas election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Ted Cruz Colin Allred
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 5,973,431 5,002,535
Percentage 53.1% 44.5%

County results
Cruz:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      >90%
Allred:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Ted Cruz
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

Ted Cruz
Republican

Ted Cruz ran for a third Senate term.[148] He faced Democratic nominee Colin Allred, a former NFL player and congressman, who defeated state senator Roland Gutierrez and state representative Carl Sherman in the primary election.[149][150][151] Cruz defeated Allred on November 5, 2024, by 53.1% to 44.5%.[152]

Utah

[edit]
Utah election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee John Curtis Caroline Gleich Carlton Bowen
Party Republican Democratic Independent American
Popular vote 914,699 464,515 83,972
Percentage 62.5% 31.7% 5.7%

County results
Curtis:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Gleich:      40–50%      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Mitt Romney
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

John Curtis
Republican

One-term Republican Mitt Romney was elected in 2018 with 62.6% of the vote. On September 13, 2023, Romney announced he would not seek reelection in 2024.[153]

The Republican nominee is U.S. representative John Curtis,[154] who defeated Riverton Mayor Trent Staggs,[155] and state House speaker Brad Wilson,[156] in the primary election.

The Democratic nominee is professional skier Caroline Gleich.[157]

Vermont

[edit]
Vermont election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Bernie Sanders Gerald Malloy
Party Independent Republican
Popular vote 229,429 116,512
Percentage 63.2% 32.1%

Sanders:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Malloy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Tie:      40–50%
No Data/Vote:      

U.S. senator before election

Bernie Sanders
Independent

Elected U.S. Senator

Bernie Sanders
Independent

Three-term independent Bernie Sanders was re-elected in 2018 with 67.4% of the vote. He is being challenged by artist Cris Ericson, an independent perennial candidate.[158] Businessman Gerald Malloy, who was the Republican nominee for the Senate in 2022, secured the Republican nomination unopposed.[159]

Virginia

[edit]
Virginia election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Tim Kaine Hung Cao
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,314,474 1,961,719
Percentage 54.1% 45.9%

County and independent city results
Kaine:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Cao:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Tim Kaine
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Tim Kaine
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Tim Kaine was reelected in 2018 with 57.0% of the vote. On January 20, 2023, he confirmed he is running for reelection to a third term.[160] Governor Glenn Youngkin, who will be term-limited in 2025, was considered a possible Republican candidate.[161]

On July 18, 2023, Navy veteran Hung Cao announced he would run as a Republican. Cao unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives against Democrat Jennifer Wexton in 2022.[162]

Washington

[edit]
Washington election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Candidate Maria Cantwell Raul Garcia
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 2,252,577 1,549,187
Percentage 59.1% 40.6%

County results
Cantwell:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Garcia:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Maria Cantwell
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Maria Cantwell
Democratic

Four-term Democrat Maria Cantwell was reelected in 2018 with 58.3% of the vote.

Emergency room physician Raul Garcia announced that he would run as a Republican.[163]

West Virginia

[edit]
West Virginia election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Jim Justice Glenn Elliott
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 514,079 207,548
Percentage 68.8% 27.8%

County results
Justice:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Joe Manchin
Independent

Elected U.S. Senator

Jim Justice
Republican

Independent Joe Manchin, who was elected as a Democrat, was re-elected in 2018 with 49.6% of the vote. On November 9, 2023, Manchin announced he would not seek re-election.[13] Since Manchin announced his retirement, all major outlets have rated this seat as expected to flip to GOP control, which would put this seat in Republican hands for the first time in 68 years.

Popular governor Jim Justice easily defeated U.S. representative Alex Mooney[164] in the Republican primary.

Wheeling mayor Glenn Elliott, who has Manchin's endorsement,[165] defeated community organizer and U.S. Marine Corps veteran Zachary Shrewsbury and former coal executive Don Blankenship in the primary for the Democratic Party nomination.[166]

Wisconsin

[edit]
Wisconsin election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee Tammy Baldwin Eric Hovde
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 1,672,418 1,643,302
Percentage 49.4% 48.5%

County results
Baldwin:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Hovde:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Tammy Baldwin
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Tammy Baldwin
Democratic

Two-term Democrat Tammy Baldwin was reelected in 2018 with 55.4% of the vote. She is running for reelection.[167] Hedge fund manager Eric Hovde, candidate for the Senate in 2012, announced a second attempt at the Republican nomination. Former Milwaukee County sheriff David Clarke[168] was seen as a potential Republican challenger to Hovde's bid, but never ended up beginning a campaign for Senate.[169][170]

Wyoming

[edit]
Wyoming election

← 2018
2030 →
 
Nominee John Barrasso Scott Morrow
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 198,418 63,727
Percentage 75.7% 24.3%

County results
Barrasso:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Morrow:      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

John Barrasso
Republican

Elected U.S. senator

John Barrasso
Republican

Republican John Barrasso was reelected in 2018 with 67.0% of the vote. On April 19, 2024, Barrasso announced he would run for reelection.[171] Former Postal Union president Scott Morrow is the Democratic nominee.[172]

Barrasso easily defeated his Republican primary challengers John Holtz and Reid Rasner on August 20, 2024.[173]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Majority control in an evenly divided Senate is determined by the Vice President of the United States, who has the power to break tied votes in their constitutional capacity as President of the Senate; accordingly, Senate control requires 51 seats or 50 seats with control of the vice presidency.
  2. ^ The U.S. vice president, who will be determined in 2024, breaks ties in a 50–50 Senate. Republicans need 50 seats if they win the vice presidency or 51 if they do not.
  3. ^ a b All 4 independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, Angus King of Maine, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, and Joe Manchin of West Virginia) caucus with the Senate Democrats.[2][3]
  4. ^ a b Both independent senators (Bernie Sanders of Vermont, and Angus King of Maine) caucus with the Senate Democrats.
  5. ^ Before the end of the 117th Congress, Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party, and became an independent. She later announced her retirement in March 2024.[27] In May 2024, Joe Manchin also announced he had left the Democratic Party, and registered as an independent, citing "broken politics" as the deciding factor in his decision.[28]
  6. ^ a b c d Included two interim appointees, Laphonza Butler (California) and George Helmy (New Jersey), who did not seek election.
  7. ^ a b The Independent Democrat incumbent Senators, Kyrsten Sinema and Joe Manchin, decided not to run re-election.
  8. ^ a b Included the interim appointee from Nebraska (Pete Ricketts) running for election.
  9. ^ Appointee elected
  10. ^ The last elections for this group of senators were in 2018, except for those elected in a special election or who were appointed after the resignation or death of a sitting senator, as noted.
  11. ^ a b Sinema was elected as a Democrat, and switched to being an independent in December 2022.
  12. ^ In both the regular election and the special election.
  13. ^ Democrat Dianne Feinstein won with 54.2% of the vote in 2018 against a fellow Democrat, but died in office on September 29, 2023.
  14. ^ Republican Ben Sasse won with 62.7% of the vote in 2020, but resigned January 8, 2023, to become president of the University of Florida.
  15. ^ Democrat Bob Menendez won with 54.0% of the vote in 2018, but resigned August 20, 2024, due to criminal convictions.[43]
  16. ^ a b Manchin was elected as a Democrat, and switched to being an independent in May 2024.
  17. ^ Democratic total includes Independents who caucus with the Democrats.
  18. ^ Montana was the "tipping-point state".
  19. ^ In October 2023, Butler was appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Dianne Feinstein.

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