Weihrauch

Weihrauch & Weihrauch GmbH & Co. KG
	File:Weihrauch Sport Logo.png
Industry	Gun manufacturer
Founded	Zella-Mehlis, Germany 1899
Founder	Hermann Weihrauch, Sr
Headquarters	Mellrichstadt, Germany
Products	Air Rifles, Air Pistols, Firearms
Website	http://www.weihrauch-sport.de

Weihrauch & Weihrauch GmbH & Co. KG is a German manufacturer of target and sporting air rifles, air pistols, cartridge rifles and pistols. In North America, they are often distributed under the Beeman brand name.

History

1899–1970

The Hermann Weihrauch company was founded in 1899 in Zella-Mehlis, the same small German town where several other famous gun manufacturers such as Walther and Anschütz also began. Hermann Weihrauch, Sr. was well known for making excellent hunting rifles. His three sons, Otto, Werner, and Hermann, Jr., soon joined the family-based company. Several new models were introduced after World War I, including the HWZ 21 smallbore rifle (HWZ stands for Hermann Weihrauch, Zella-Mehlis). This was the first mass-produced German .22 rimfire rifle and soon developed an excellent match record. Double and triple barrel shotguns, over and under shotguns, and large bore hunting rifles rounded out the line and established an excellent reputation for quality.

In 1928, Weihrauch began international sale of bicycle parts and mechanical door closers. During World War II, Weihrauch was the only German factory to continue production of spare parts for bicycles. At the end of the war, Zella-Mehlis became part of the Soviet occupation zone and In 1948, the Weihrauchs were forced out of their homes and factories by the communist government. Otto Weihrauch became a mechanic and later a gunsmith in Zella-Mehlis. Werner went to work at the Jagdwaffenwerk (Hunting Weapon Factory) in nearby Suhl. Hermann Weihrauch, Jr. moved to the little German village of Mellrichstadt in Bavaria. There, with the help of his long-time hunting club friends and former customers, and his son Hans, he started the Weihrauch business all over again in the barracks of a pre-war laundry. Spare parts for bicycles were their first and main products.

When German companies were again allowed to manufacture airguns in the early 1950s, Weihrauch made their first air rifle, the HW Model 50V. This airgun had to have a smooth bore because the Allied Occupation Government would not allow rifled barrels. Finally, after the German Shooting Federation ("Deutscher Schützenbund") was re-established, the allied government allowed the production of rifled barrels. However, because they were not allowed to produce firearms, they put their efforts into making the finest sporting airguns in the world. Even after the firearm manufacturing ban finally was withdrawn, the Hermann Weihrauch KG company continued to produce sporting air rifles of the highest quality. The little HW 25 was slanted towards the youth market while versions of the HW 30 and HW 50 continued as solid mid-market air rifles. The HW 55 was one of Europe's leading barrel-cocking target rifles. The rather uncommon HW 55T version with its ornate Tyrolean-style stock, usually sporting fine walnut of exceptional grain, has always been a favorite among offhand shooters and collectors.

In 1955 they introduced a full size sporting air rifle in the guise of the HW35 which was to become their most successful model and was the first to feature the famous Rekord two stage sporting trigger developed from the target trigger of the HW55T, a trigger design that remains across the range unchanged to this day, the HW35 furthermore boasted a locking barrel catch and an automatic safety located at the rear of the cylinder, the HW35 was such a successful model that despite its relatively modest power output it still remains in the company's range, almost unchanged to this day.

An early attempt at magnum power

The EL54 was an early attempt (1954) at achieving magnum power in a spring-piston air rifle. It is an HW 35 with an ether injector attached on the right side of the compression chamber tube. A medical ether ampule was inserted into the device and crushed. Each time the rifle was cocked and loaded, a shot of ether was injected into the compression chamber, where the heat of compression ignited it, raising gas pressure in the compression chamber.

After Hermann Weihrauch, Jr. died in 1967, a new era in the company began under the leadership of Hans Weihrauch, Sr. (born in 1926 and the father of today's directors Stefan and Hans-Hermann.) The company celebrated 1970 with the introduction of the HW 70 air pistol. The company had begun plans, and first production, of a repeating air pistol before World War II, but the war aborted its regular production. Although pre-war HWZ sales literature shows an illustration of that thirty-shot top-lever spring piston air pistol, only one specimen of that HWZ LP-1 air pistol is now known. It had survived both the war and the Russian occupation by having safely gone overseas as a sales sample to the Hy-Score Arms Company in the USA. The Hy-Score president, Steve Laszlo, had given it to his friend, Robert Beeman. He surprised Hans Sr. and Christel Weihrauch (the husband/wife directors of the new HW company) when they were visiting the Beeman home in San Anselmo, California, by showing them this Weihrauch airgun which was completely unknown to them.

1970-1990

The close connection between the owners of the Weihrauch company and Beeman Precision Airguns led to one of the first (if not the first) joint ventures between a German-based manufacturer and an American airgun distributor. After a period of importing Weihrauch-designed airguns, the Beemans had decided that they needed to introduce a German-made air rifle with American styling and features. They had determined that their main need, in addition to new styling, was a power level above anything that had been known before in the airgun field. They had been very impressed with the quality of the long running HW 35, but puzzled by its power, which was lower than that of the Feinwerkbau Model 124. That gun, for which Beeman had developed a large market in the U.S., had a lighter spring and smaller compression chamber.

Based on their computer simulation studies, the Beemans proposed a new air rifle model with the quality of the HW 35. This cooperative development program resulted in the Beeman R1 (sold outside of the USA as the Weihrauch HW 80 in a lower power version with a more European-style stock). The new model quickly became the best-selling adult sporting air rifle; it is credited with bringing the American airgun market into the world of adult airguns. Due to delivery problems with the longer, more complex R1 stock, the first HW 80 rifles were available some weeks earlier than the R1. This led to the incorrect conclusion made by some that the R1 was a copy of the HW80. Tom Gaylord also has written about that coincidence in his book The Beeman R1 and pointed out Beeman was the main force behind the invention of the R1/HW80 and that Weihrauch did an outstanding job of production engineering and manufacture.

Almost the same thing happened with the introduction of the next Weihrauch air pistol, the very successful Beeman P1 (sold outside of the USA as the Weihrauch HW 45). Although the Beemans provided the full specifications and design features of this pistol, there was an initial misunderstanding about the external appearance. The factory presented a rather bulky, high top, "Desert Eagle-like" design which the Beemans did not think would appeal to the American market. They felt that it should follow the very popular and trim lines of the Colt 1911 automatic pistol. So the Beeman Company quickly made a plaster-of-Paris, life-sized 3D model which the Weihrauch technicians used as a model for the final design. The Weihrauch engineers were far ahead of their time in a different way because of another misunderstanding: they thought that, because the Beeman plans were blank in the powerplant area, that Beeman had suggested a single-stroke pneumatic air system instead of the desired, more powerful spring-piston action. These pneumatic models came some years later, when the Beeman P2/Weihrauch HW 75 was introduced. The huge commercial success of the P1 design was aided by its many features: high power, accuracy, solid metal construction, three caliber choices, different choices of finish, and especially its great flexibility: the ability to fire at two power levels, integral scope rail, and the availability of a Beeman-designed shoulder stock. The R1/HW80, and its several variations, gave rise to a lighter, easier to cock model: the R10/HW85.

Weihrauch then produced an under-lever spring piston rifle, the HW77. This gun opened fully for loading directly into the breech of the barrel, like a Feinwerkbau match rifle. This was a great improvement over under lever air rifles which utilized a loading tap from which the pellet had to leap into the barrel. The HW77 and HW77 Carbine, with their rigid barrel and easy cocking and loading, became extremely popular in countries with lower power limits.

The field-style air rifle designs for the American market were a great success because only a very small minority of adult airgun shooters were involved in any competition or group shooting activities. Field target shooting was the most popular of the American group airgun shooting sports, but even that involved much less than one percent of adult airgun shooters. Almost the exact opposite was true of airgun shooters in Germany; there, most such shooters were involved in 10 meter competition. Nevertheless, in 1989, the leading German gun magazine, VISIER, discovered from a survey that a large number of German airgun shooters would be willing to pay more than 500 DM (about 300 U.S. dollars) for an air rifle which was equipped with a sporting-style stock and designed for scope use. Many Germans responding to the poll also submitted useful suggestions for new designs to be added to the many new stock designs being developed by Weihrauch.

The German reunification in 1990 resulted in many changes for every German citizen and manufacturer. Weihrauch began a cooperation with Theoben Engineering in England which resulted in the introduction of the first German/English air rifle design: the Weihrauch HW 90 (the Beeman versions are the RX, RX-1 and RX-2). This was the first Weihrauch rifle using the patented Theoben gas-spring system. These new rifles sold very well in Great Britain and the USA for small game hunting.

The great optimism of that period of the company's development was dampened by the unexpected death of Hans Weihrauch, Sr. on 3 April 1990 aged 63. His business accomplishments were so admired that he was posthumously decorated with the Federal Cross of Merit. His wife, Christel, and sons, Stefan and Hans-Hermann, took the reins of the company. Christel Weihrauch had shared the management of the firm for decades and the preparation of the two sons for their expected future management roles was well advanced. Both had been involved with the company all of their lives and had nearly finished their engineering and marketing training as well.

The fall of the German wall close to Mellrichstadt meant they were "in the middle of Germany." This opened new markets for their surface engineering branch. They added new machines for electroless nickel plating and bronzing (and made the floors slip-proof with expanded mesh, stainless-steel fencing panels supplied from the nearby fallen Iron Curtain).

Cartridge rifles

HW 660 Match
HW 60 Match
HW 60 J
HW 66

Cartridge pistols

HW 4
HW 4 T
HW 357

Revolvers

Arminius is Weihrauch's line of revolvers

Air rifles

Model	Role/stated purpose	Introduced as a replacement for	Physical size	Price class	Power source	Pellet loading method	Known variants	Notes	Also sold as
HW 25	Lightweight trainer rifle		Junior	Entry-level	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	L	Basic stock with no butt pad, trigger integral with receiver. Intended as a trainer for children, and for basic shooting by smaller-statured shooters.
HW 30	Lightweight all-purpose rifle		Compact	Entry-level (M/II), mid-level (S)	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	M/II, S	Most versions have open sights as standard. Current HW 30 models have a ball-bearing-detent barrel lock, and receiver tube rear end secured by screws. M/II versions have a basic ('Perfekt') trigger. S versions have interchangeable front sight inserts, and the fully adjustable ('Rekord') trigger.	HW 30 S sold in the USA as the Beeman R7.
HW 35	Mid/heavyweight all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Mid-level (HW 35 Standard), Premium (HW 35 E)	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	E, LS	Weihrauch's first mass-market high-powered air rifle. Fitted with a manual breech lock. Best-selling and longest-produced Weihrauch air rifle as of December 2020. Produced in a variety of styles with different stocks and barrel lengths. Current HW 35 Standard has a sporter stock of Walnut-grained Beech. Current HW 35 E has a true Walnut sporter stock with white butt pad and grip cap inserts.
HW 50	Middle-weight all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Mid-level	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	M/II, S	Chisel-detent barrel lock. Originally fitted with screw-threaded receiver tube rear end, but has since changed to a rear end retained by push-in blocks. M/II versions have a basic ('Perfekt') trigger. S versions have interchangeable front sight inserts, and the fully adjustable ('Rekord') trigger.	HW 50 S sold in the USA as the Beeman R8, and in the UK as the HW 99 S.
HW 55	Middle-weight match rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	S, M, T, CM, HWB Champ, SF, MF, TF	Approximately the same length and mass as the HW 50, but with lower power levels, adjustable rotating barrel lock, Diopter sights, and a refined version of the adjustable 'Rekord' trigger. Several variants were produced, with each variant defined by stock style. Production started in approximately 1955; all versions have been discontinued. S (Sport): Plain beech sporter stock. M (Match): Bavarian Walnut stock. T (Tyrolean): Hand-carved Tyrolean-style Walnut stock with pronounced cheek curve. CM (Custom Match): Bulkier Walnut target stock than M and T versions; fitted with accessory rail and sliding butt plate. In some markets, the CM version was called the 'HW55 Match'. HWB Champ: Smaller-dimensioned version for junior shooters. Short barrel with weighted sleeve, adjustable trigger blade and ambidextrous Beech stock. SF, MF, and TF: These earlier versions of the HW 55 S, M and T were not equipped with a breech-locking lever, instead using the same auto-detent breech as the HW 50. The F stands for 'Federbolzen' (Spring bolt).
HW 57	Mid-heavyweight all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Mid-level	Spring piston	Underlever cocking, single-shot		Basic underlever cocking mechanism, utilising a pop-up breech in place of the sliding breech cover used on the HW 77 and HW 97.
HW 77	Heavyweight competition/all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Spring piston	Underlever cocking, single-shot	Special Edition, K, K Special Edition	Weihrauch’s first underlever springer rifle. Underlever cocking mechanism with sliding breech cover. Designed for field target and longer-distance shooting. Currently in its second evolution, with updated stock styles (see Weihrauch HW 77 for details). Current ‘Special Edition’ models have a brown/green/black laminated stock.	Sold in the USA as the Beeman HW 77 and HW 77 K. Upon the acquisition of Beeman Airguns by SR Industries, the HW 77 and HW 77 K were briefly marketed as the Marksman 60 and Marksman 61.
HW 80	Heavyweight all-purpose rifle	HW 35	Full-sized	Mid/premium	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	K, SD	A re-designed, more powerful version of the HW 35, designed and manufactured in collaboration with Beeman Airguns. No barrel lock. Single-piece cocking arm. SD variant has 310mm barrel. Although the HW 80 was designed to replace the HW 35, continued steady sales meant that the HW 35 was not discontinued. The HW 80 is currently Weihrauch's most powerful spring-powered break-barrel rifle, exceeded only by the air-ram-powered HW 90.	Sold in the USA as the Beeman R1.
HW 85	Heavyweight all-purpose rifle	HW 35, HW 80	Full-sized	Mid/premium	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	K	Designed as a lighter-weight replacement for the HW 80 that would still produce 12 to 16 ft.lbs muzzle energy (dependent on which market it was sold in). Early versions had a screw-threaded receiver tube rear end, and raised alloy scope rail. Current model has a sporter stock of Walnut-grained Beech. Although the HW 85 was designed to replace the HW 80, continued steady sales meant that the HW 80 was not discontinued.	Sold in the USA as the Beeman R10.
HW 90	Heavyweight hunting rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Compressed-air pneumatic ram	Break-barrel, single-shot	K	Specifically designed for small-game hunting. Equipped with pressure-adjustable compressed-air ram (designed, and originally produced for Weihrauch by Theoben Engineering), and open sights. A carbine-barrelled K version was sold with 1/2" UNF screw-on silencer and no open sights. All HW 90 models have the 'Elite' trigger with re-engageable safety. The trigger is a completely different design to the earlier 'Rekord' trigger, and was partly re-designed at some time during the manufacturing run.	HW 90 and HW 90 K sold in the USA as the Beeman RX-1 and RX-2.
HW 95	Heavyweight all-purpose rifle	HW 35, HW 80, HW 85	Full-sized	Mid/premium	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	K, L	Designed as a replacement for the HW 85. Receiver tube rear end retained by four press-in blocks. Originally offered without open sights. Current HW 95 Standard has a sporter stock of Walnut-grained Beech. Current HW 95 Luxus has interchangeable front sight inserts and a sporter stock of Walnut-grained Beech with extended fore-end. Although the HW 95 was designed to replace the HW 85, continued steady sales meant that the HW 85 was not discontinued.	Sold in the USA as the Beeman R9. In some other world markets, the HW 95 is sold as the HW 85.
HW 97	Heavyweight competition/all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Spring piston	Underlever cocking, single-shot	L, Special Edition, K Special Edition, K, KT, K-STL, KT-STL	Modified HW 77 with 300mm barrel, basic sound moderator and no open sights. Developed specifically for field target and silhouette shooting. An HW 97 L version has been made available with a 385mm barrel. The rifle features a choice of sporter and thumbhole stocks. Current sporter stocks are available in Beech (HW 97 K) or blue laminate (HW 97 K Special Edition). Current thumbhole stocks are available in Beech (HW 97 KT) and synthetic (HW 97 Black Line). The Black Line variant is available in a choice of blued or electroless satin nickel (STL) finish.	HW 97 K sold in the USA as the Beeman HW 97 K. HW 97 L also sold by Sandwell Field Sport as the SFS Chieftain.
HW 98	Heavyweight competition/all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Spring piston	Break-barrel, single-shot	Limited Edition	Uses an HW 95 action mated with a heavy sleeved barrel. No open sights. Hybrid match/sporter stock in Beech, with a cheekpiece and aluminium/rubber butt pad both adjustable for height. Later versions use a plastic/rubber butt pad that is also adjustable for tilt. Designed for precision shooting at longer distances (for example, hunting, hunter field target and silhouette shooting). A limited edition was briefly available with a laminate stock in two-tone grey, threaded muzzle, and 1/2" UNF silencer.
HW 99 S							See HW 50	HW 50 S, re-designated for the UK market.
HW 100	Heavyweight competition/all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Pre-charged pneumatic, regulated air delivery	Side-lever cocking, rotary 14-shot magazine	S, SK, T, TK, S-FSB, SK-FSB, T-FSB, TK-FSB	Receiver and action feature two-piece machined aluminium alloy construction. All S, SK, T and TK versions are also available with fully-shrouded barrels. As an alternative to oiled Walnut stocks of similar quality to those found on E-suffix spring-piston rifles, T and TK versions are also available with a synthetic stock, and with a laminate stock featuring a cheekpiece that is adjustable for height, and a plastic/rubber butt pad that is adjustable for height and tilt.
HW 101	Heavyweight competition/all-purpose rifle		Full-sized	Premium	Pre-charged pneumatic, regulated air delivery	Side-lever cocking, single-shot loading tray	S, T, TK	Single-shot variant of the HW 100. Discontinued.
HW 100 BP	Lightweight hunting/all-purpose rifle		Compact (BP), ultra-compact (BP-K)	Premium	Pre-charged pneumatic, regulated air delivery	Side-lever cocking, rotary 14-shot magazine	BP-K	Shortened 'Bullpup'-style variants of the HW 100, using the same action and air delivery system. Available in left-handed and right-handed versions, and with Picatinny or 11-millimetre dovetail scope mounting points. Additional Picatinny rail mounted on fore-end for fitment of accessories.
HW 110	Lightweight hunting/all-purpose rifle		Full-sized (ST), compact (ST-K)	Mid/premium	Pre-charged pneumatic, regulated air delivery	Side-lever cocking, rotary 10-shot magazine	ST, ST-K	Designed as a more affordable alternative to the HW 100. Receiver and action feature one-piece polymer-frame construction. Available in left-handed and right-handed versions. Additional Picatinny rail mounted on fore-end for fitment of accessories.

Evolution of the high-power break-barrel sporter range

The HW 35 was Weihrauch's first mass-market, high-powered, spring-powered sporter air rifle. However, with time, the HW 35 became technically obsolete as newer, more advanced air rifles entered the market. The HW 80, HW 85 and HW 95 were all designed as evolutionary replacements for the HW 35, and all occupy the same approximate market segment. However, Weihrauch did not follow the conventional and expected practice of retiring its older sporter rifles to make way for newer models. Instead, the HW 80, HW 85 and HW 95 were simply added to the product lineup as they were introduced. This sometimes results in confusion among buyers, many of whom are not familiar with the history of Weihrauch products.

Air rifle model designation suffixes

The meanings of the suffixes used by Weihrauch for air rifles are as follows:

'E' (Export) rifles typically have American-specification walnut stocks with white buttplate and grip-cap accents, and factory-fitted sling swivels.
The barrels of 'FSB' (Fully-shrouded barrel) rifles have an outer shroud (sleeve), internal baffles, and larger overall diameter. This is intended as a more compact, albeit less effective alternative to a screw-on or slip-on silencer, which would add extra length to the rifle.
'K' (‘Kurz’, German for ‘short’) rifles have a carbine-style barrel that is shorter than the barrel fitted to the equivalent full-length rifle.
When applied to the HW 97, 'L' signifies 'Lang' (German for 'Long'), denoting a 385mm barrel. On all other rifles, 'L' signifies a 'Luxus' (German for ‘luxury’) rifle with a stock finished to a very high standard, usually from Walnut.
The ‘LS’ (‘Lockschaft’, German for ‘thumbhole’) suffix was only used on HW 35 models equipped with a thumbhole stock. On all other Weihrauch thumbhole-stock rifles, this suffix was replaced with ‘T’.
The 'M' (Match) suffix was only used on HW 55 models equipped with a match-style stock.
Where basic HW 30 M/II and HW 50 M/II rifles are equipped with the unadjustable ‘Perfekt’ trigger, an 'S' suffix signifies an upgraded model fitted with the fully adjustable 'Rekord' trigger. When applied to the HW 55, ‘S’ means 'Sport', signifying a plain Beech sporter stock.
'ST' signifies a synthetic (plastic) stock.
'STL' signifies a barrel, receiver and cocking lever in a light silvered finish of electroless satin nickel plating instead of conventional blueing. Note that this suffix does not, as is commonly assumed, mean ‘Stainless Steel’.
When applied to the HW 55, 'T' means 'Tyrolean', signifying a Tyrolean-style curved cheekpiece stock. For all other Weihrauch rifles, 'T' signifies a thumbhole stock.

Air pistols

Model	Type	Details
HW 40	Pneumatic
HW 44^[1]	Pre-charged pneumatic
HW 45	Spring piston
HW 70	Spring piston, break barrel
HW 75	Pneumatic

Weihrauch Patent information

DE 734985 Selbstladepistole mit Spannabzug. Veröffentlicht am 4. Mai 1943, Anmelder: Hermann Weihrauch Gewehr und Fahrradteilefabrik.‌
DE 739126 Selbstladepistole mit Spannabzug. Veröffentlicht am 11. September 1943, Anmelder: Hermann Weihrauch Gewehr und Fahrradteilefabrik.‌
DE 739124 Insbesondere als Pistole ausgebildete Druckluftschusswaffe. Veröffentlicht am 11. September 1943, Anmelder: Firma Hermann Weihrauch.‌
DE 2327335 Trommel-Revolver. Veröffentlicht am 12. Dezember 1974, Anmelder: Hermann Weihrauch OHG Sportwaffen und Fahrradteilefabrik, 8744 Mellrichstadt, DE.‌
DE 3818838 Pistole. Veröffentlicht am 7. Dezember 1989, Anmelder: Hermann Weihrauch KG, 8744 Mellrichstadt, DE, Erfinder: Helmut Sauer, 8745 Ostheim, DE.‌
DE 674237 Tuerschliesser mit Feststellvorrichtung. Angemeldet am 5. Februar 1937, veröffentlicht am 11. April 1939, Anmelder: Firma Hermann Weihrauch, Erfinder: Werner Weihrauch, Hans Müller.‌
DE 674237 Hydraulischer Tuerschliesser. Veröffentlicht am 2. August 1940, Anmelder: Hermann Weihrauch, Waffenfabrik, Erfinder: Hermann Weihrauch, Werner Weihrauch.‌

References

^ https://www.airgunshooting.co.uk/news/editor-s-gun-test-weihrauch-hw44-1-5158784

External links

Media related to Weihrauch at Wikimedia Commons

Weihrauch's official site

[1] ttps://www.airgunshooting.co.uk/news/editor-s-gun-test-weihrauch-hw44-1-5158784

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