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Ouvrage Boussois

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Ouvrage Boussois
Part of Maginot Line New Fronts, Séré de Rivières system
Northern France
Ouvreage Boussois
Ouvrage Boussois is located in France
Ouvrage Boussois
Ouvrage Boussois
Coordinates50°17′47″N 4°03′11″E / 50.29628°N 4.05304°E / 50.29628; 4.05304
Site information
OwnerTown of Boussois
Controlled byFrance
ConditionAbandoned
Site history
Built1934-1938
MaterialsConcrete, steel, deep excavation
Battles/warsSiege of Maubeuge, Battle of France
Ouvrage Boussois
Type of work:Small artillery work (Petit ouvrage)
sector
└─sub-sector		Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
└─Thiérache
Regiment:84th Fortress Infantry Regiment (RIF)
Number of blocks:3
Strength:5 officers, 195 men

Ouvrage Boussois is a petit ouvrage of the Maginot Line, built as part of the "New Fronts" program to address shortcomings in the Line's coverage of the border with Belgium. Like the other three ouvrages near Maubeuge, it is built on an old Séré de Rivières fortification, near the town of Boussois. The fortification surrendered to the Germans twice, in the First World War on 6 September 1914, and in the Second World War on 22 May 1940. The site is now abandoned.

Fort de Boussois

The Fort de Boussois, also known as the Fort de Kilmaine, was built between 1881 and 1883 as part of the Séré de Rivières system of fortifications. It overlooks the valley of the Sambre. The pentagonal fort is surrounded by a ditch defended by caponiers and counterscarps. The fort featured a Mougin turret with two 155mm guns. A cavalier, or elevated surface for artillery, surmounts the reinforced barracks. Underground galleries link the salients, caponiers and counterscarps to the central portions of the fort.[1]

World War I

The Fort de Boussois came under fire in 1914 during the opening phases of World War I, during the Siege of Maubeuge. On 31 August a shell killed 60 men when it hit the powder magazine. The Mougin turret jammed the same day. The fortifications of Maubeuge were by now far in the rear of the German lines. The fort surrendered to the Germans on 6 September, who blew up the caponiers and the turret at the end of the month.[1]

Design and construction

The Maginot-era site was approved in 1934. Work by the contractor Caroni cost 8.26 million francs.[2] A planned second phase was to add an artillery block and support facilities. The rise in tensions between France and Germany in the late 1930s prevented the second phase from being pursued.[3]

Description

Boussois comprises three combat blocks, featuring a new combination 25mm gun/50mm mortar turret.[4] The ouvrage[nb 1] was built within the walls of the old Fort de Boussois. A compact underground gallery links the three blocks and contains utility spaces, barracks and magazine space. Construction was complicated by the presence of old mines beneath the fort.[3]

The second phase was to add two blocks with a 75mm twin gun turret each, as well as separate munitions and personnel entries well beyond the walls of the old fort.[3]

A number of small blockhouses are associated with Bersillies, as well as a casemate:

  • Casemate de l'Épinette: Double machine gun block with two JM/AC47 embrasures, two JM embrasures, one AM cloche and two GFM-B cloches. It is not connected to the ouvrage.[3]

Manning

The 1940 manning of the ouvrage under the command of Captain Bertain comprised 195 men and 5 officers of the 84th Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 101st Fortress Infantry Division, 1st Army, Army Group 1.[3][10]

History of the Maginot ouvrage

The original Fort de Boussois' ditch
See Fortified Sector of Maubeuge for a broader discussion of the events of 1940 in the Maubeuge sector of the Maginot Line.

During the Battle of France in 1940, the invading German forces approached Maubeuge from the south and east, to the rear of the defensive line. As the German 28th Infantry Division moved along the line of fortifications on 19 May they were fired upon by Boussois. The Germans replied with fire from 8.8cm and 15 cm guns, hitting blocks 1 and 3 at short range. Firing continued the next day and was extended to the other ouvrages of the sector, with aerial bombardment by Stukas. Late on the 21st an infantry attack on the ouvrage was repelled. By the next morning the ventilation system had failed ventilation had to be improvised using the drains and a portable fan. The turret was jammed, pointing in a useless direction. The fort finally surrendered at 1100 hours on the 22nd.[11]

Current condition

The interiors of the Maubeuge fortifications were stripped of their equipment by the Germans in 1941. The surface of the Séré de Rivières fortifications is enveloped by weeds and thorns. The Maginot fortifications are closed to access.[1]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ English-language sources use the French term ouvrage as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defenses in the form of walls and ditches.[5] The literal translation of ouvrage in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A gros ouvrage is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a petit ouvrage is smaller, with lighter arms.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Boussois (fort de)". Index de la Fortification Française 1874-1914 (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  2. ^ Mary, Tome 1, p. 5
  3. ^ a b c d e Mary, Tome 3, p. 68
  4. ^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 86
  5. ^ Kaufmann 2006, p. 13
  6. ^ Kauffmann 2006, p.20
  7. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Boussois (po de) Bloc 1". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  8. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Boussois (po de) Bloc 2". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  9. ^ Puelinckx, Jean; et al. (2010). "Boussois (po de) Bloc 3". Index de la Ligne Maginot (in French). fortiff.be. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  10. ^ Mary, Tome 3, p. 66
  11. ^ Mary, Tome 3, pp. 181-182

Bibliography

  • Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-84176-646-1
  • Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W. Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II, Stackpole Books, 2006. ISBN 0-275-98345-5
  • Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P. The Maginot Line: History and Guide, Pen and Sword, 2011. ISBN 978-1-84884-068-3
  • Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001. ISBN 2-908182-88-2 (in French)
  • Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 2. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN 2-908182-97-1 (in French)
  • Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003. ISBN 2-913903-88-6 (in French)
  • Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques. Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5. Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009. ISBN 978-2-35250-127-5 (in French)
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