Wratislaw of Mitrovice
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| Wratislaws of Mitrovice | |
|---|---|
| Czech noble family | |
 | |
| Current region | Bohemia |
| Earlier spellings | Wratislaw z Mitrovicz |
| Place of origin | Mitrovice,  Kingdom of Bohemia |
| Founded | 1448 |
| Titles | List
|
| Estate(s) | Dírná Castle |
Wratislaws of Mitrovice (Template:Lang-cs; Template:Lang-de) is a Czech noble family. The first mentioned member of the family is Wratislaw, who acquired the estate of Mitrovice in 1448. The family gradually gained significance during the 16th century. In the 17th and 18th century, various family members held a number of offices in state administration and diplomacy as well as in the Catholic church. They also built or rebuilt multiple castles and palaces, including the Wratislaws' palace in Prague.
After the Communist party of Czechoslovakia seized power in 1948, the Wratislaws were forced to give up most of their properties and a part of their family emigrated to New Zealand. Only Dírná Castle was returned to them after the Velvet revolution of 1989 and they own it to this day.[1]
History
15th century
Wratislaws of Mitrovice claimed to be descendants of Vratislaus II., the first king of Bohemia who ruled in 11th century. There is no evidence for this claim and historians therefore consider this to be an example of etiological myth.[1] First documented member of the family is Wratislaw, who bought the estate of Mitrovice in 1448 and thus established the family name. He sided with Oldřich of Hradec in his dispute with king George of Poděbrady, that followed the imprisonment of Oldřich's father. Despite this, he later became the burgrave of the Prague Castle. His son John later held the court office of Master of the Hunt.[2]
16th and first half of 17th century
Next notable member of the family was Wenceslaus, who as a young man accompanied the diplomatic mission of the Emperor Rudolph II. of Habsburg to Istanbul in 1591. In response to increased hostilities along the Habsburg–Ottoman border and the diplomatic fallout, all participants of the diplomatic mission were imprisoned and later – when the Long Turkish War broke out – sent to be galley slaves. After he was set free, Wenceslaus wrote his famous work Adventures of Baron Wenceslaus Wratislaw of Mitrowice: What He Saw in the Turkish Metropolis, Constantinopole, Experienced in His Captivity, and After His Happy Return to His Country, Committed to Writing in the Year of Our Lord 1599. The book was first printed in 1777 and soon after that translated to German, English and Russian.[3] It became the most read work of the Czech renaissance literature.[1] Wenceslaus and his relative William Wratislaw of Mitrovice – member of the Knights Hospitaler – also fought for the Habsburg side during the war with Ottomans. During the Bohemian Revolt – started in 1618 – a majority of the family stayed loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor. Thanks to that they escaped the fate of many other Czech noble families who lost their possessions following the Battle of the White Mountain. Wratislaws of Mitrovice remained involved with the Order of Knights Hospitaler, brothers Adam and Francis even became consecutive grand priors of the Bohemian branch of the order. Denis Francis fought for the Spanish king and – after his return – served as Steward of the Plzeň County.
Second half of 17th and 18th century
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Another notable member – John Wenceslaus – was an imperial diplomat, operating primarily in England. He was appointed Chancellor of the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1705 and served till his death 6 years later. John Adam chose a church career. He was first Bishop of Hradec Králové, then Bishop of Litoměřice. His younger brother John Joseph was later appointed Bishop of Hradec Králové as well. He built a brand new baroque castle he called New Mitrovice. The family also owned the Wratislaws' palace in Malá Strana in Prague and multiple other castles and estates.[3] It was at this time – at the start of the 18th century – that the Wratislaws of Mitrovice reached the peak of their wealth and power.
19th, 20th century and present times
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In the 19th century, the Wratislaws of Mitrovice became supporters of the Czech National Revival. Count Joseph Wratislaw of Mitrovice, Supreme Marshal of the Kingdom of Bohemia at the time, was an important patron of the National Museum. Eugene II. was the chairman of National Theatre Society and member of Parliament of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
William Ferdinand Wratislaw – descendant of a Czech emigrant to England – came back to Bohemia to prove his descendancy from the noble family of Wratislaws of Mitrovice, but was unable to find a firm proof.[3] Nonetheless, he and his son Albert Wratislaw were Czech patriots and the latter went on to translate and popularize many Czech literary works in the English speaking world.
At the start of the 20th century, only two branches of the family remained. One lived at the Dírná Castle and Myslkovice Castle, the other at Koloděje nad Lužnicí Castle. In 1938, Wratislaws of Mitrovice co-signed the Declaration of Czech nobility and thereby confirmed their allegiance to Czechoslovakian government. As a result they faced prosecution during the World war II. In 1948, after the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia took power, they lost all of their properties. Part of the family fled persecution to New Zealand.[1] The 31-year-old Count Maximilian Joseph decided to stay. He worked as a woodcutter and a tractor driver.[3] After the Velvet Revolution, the Count – aged 72 – was given back the Dírná Castle and the Wratislaws of Mitrovice live there to this day.
Notable family members
- Wenceslaus Wratislaw of Mitrovice (1576–1635), diplomat, author of Adventures of Baron Wenceslaus Wratislaw of Mitrovice – a popular account of his experiences during his diplomatic visit and subsequent captivity in the Ottoman Empire
- John Wenceslaus Wratislaw of Mitrovice (ca. 1670–1712), diplomat, Chancellor of Kingdom of Bohemia
- John Adam Wratislaw of Mitrovice (1677–1730), Bishop of Hradec Králové, later Bishop of Litoměřice
- John Joseph Wratislaw of Mitrovice (1694–1753), Bishop of Hradec Králové
- Joseph Wratislaw of Mitrovice, (1764–1830) Supreme Marshal of the Kingdom of Bohemia
- Eugene I. Wratislaw von Mitrowitz-Nettolitzky (1786–1867), Field Marshall of the Austrian Army
- Eugene II. Wratislaw of Mitrovice (1842–1895), Member of Parliament of the Kingdom of Bohemia
Notable castles in possession
- Liteň Castle (1571–1648, 1728–1782)
- Protivín Castle (1598–1679)
- Dírná Castle (1623–1948, 1990–today)
- Lojovice Castle (1627–1646)
- New Mitrovice Castle (1670–1685, 1724–1804)
- Wratislaws' Palace, Prague (1671–1861)
- Koloděje nad Lužnicí Castle (od 1737–?)
- Kost Castle (1779–1867)
- Čimelice Castle (1782–1823)
- Votice Castle (1807–1872)
- Vrchotovy Janovice Castle (1807–1879)
- Tochovice Castle (1815–1840)
References
- ^ a b c d Halada, Jan (1999). Lexikon české šlechty erby, fakta, osobnosti, sídla a zajímavosti (in Czech). Prague: Akropolis. pp. 626–627. ISBN 80-85770-79-2.
- ^ Král z Dobré Vody, Vojtěch (2009). Znaky rodů českých (in Czech) (2nd ed.). Prague: Agentura Pankrác. p. 121. ISBN 978-80-86781-11-2.
- ^ a b c d Mašek, Petr (1999). Modrá krev: minulost a přítomnost 445 šlechtických rodů v českých zemích (in Czech) (2nd, enhanced ed.). Praha: Mladá fronta. pp. 306–308. ISBN 80-204-0760-X.
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