September 11
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September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 111 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
- 9 – The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hundred years.[1]
- 1185 – Isaac II Angelos kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronikos I Komnenos and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
- 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English.[2]
- 1390 – Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92): The Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius.
- 1541 – Santiago, Chile, is attacked by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco, to free eight indigenous chiefs held captive by the Spaniards.[3]
- 1565 – Ottoman forces retreat from Malta ending the Great Siege of Malta.[4]
1601–1900
- 1609 – Henry Hudson arrives on Manhattan Island and meets the indigenous people living there.
- 1649 – Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.[5]
- 1683 – Battle of Vienna: Coalition forces, including the famous winged Hussars, led by Polish King John III Sobieski lift the siege laid by Ottoman forces.
- 1697 – Battle of Zenta: a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history.[6]
- 1708 – Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to conquer Moscow outside Smolensk, marking the turning point in the Great Northern War. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the Swedish Empire ceases to be a major power.
- 1709 – Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands, and Austria fight against France.
- 1714 – Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1758 – Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the Seven Years' War.
- 1775 – Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1776 – British–American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop nascent American Revolutionary War.
- 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Brandywine: The British celebrate a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.[7]
- 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Sugarloaf massacre: A small detachment of militia from Northampton County, Pennsylvania, are attacked by Native Americans and Loyalists near Little Nescopeck Creek.
- 1786 – The beginning of the Annapolis Convention.[8]
- 1789 – Alexander Hamilton is appointed the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.
- 1792 – The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house where they are stored.
- 1800 – The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball.[9]
- 1802 – France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
- 1803 – Battle of Delhi, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, between British troops under General Lake, and Marathas of Scindia's army under General Louis Bourquin.
- 1813 – War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington, D.C.
- 1814 – War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war.
- 1826 – Captain William Morgan, an ex-freemason is arrested in Batavia, New York for debt after declaring that he would publish The Mysteries of Free Masonry, a book against Freemasonry. This sets into motion the events that led to his mysterious disappearance.
- 1829 – An expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown to retake Mexico, surrenders at the Battle of Tampico, marking the effective end of Mexico's campaign for independence.
- 1830 – Anti-Masonic Party convention; one of the first American political party conventions.
- 1836 – The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating Empire of Brazil's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the Ragamuffin War.
- 1851 – Christiana Resistance: Escaped slaves led by William Parker fight off and kill a slave owner who, with a federal marshal and an armed party, sought to seize three of his former slaves in Christiana, Pennsylvania, thereby creating a cause célèbre between slavery proponents and abolitionists.
- 1852 – Outbreak of Revolution of September 11 resulting in the State of Buenos Aires declaring independence as a Republic.
- 1857 – The Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
- 1881 – In the Swiss state of Glarus, a rockslide buries parts of the village of Elm, destroying 83 buildings and killing 115 people.[10]
- 1897 – After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of the Kaffa.
1901–present
- 1903 – The first race at the Milwaukee Mile in West Allis, Wisconsin is held. It is the oldest major speedway in the world.
- 1905 – The Ninth Avenue derailment occurs in New York City, killing 13.
- 1914 – World War I: Australia invades German New Guinea, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka.
- 1914 – The Second Period of Russification: The teaching of the Russian language and Russian history in Finnish schools is ordered to be considerably increased as part of the forced Russification program in Finland run by Tsar Nicholas II.[11]
- 1916 – The Quebec Bridge's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge previously collapsed completely on August 29, 1907.
- 1919 – United States Marine Corps invades Honduras.
- 1921 – Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan of creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel.
- 1922 – The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.
- 1941 – Construction begins on The Pentagon.[12]
- 1941 – Charles Lindbergh's Des Moines Speech accusing the British, Jews and FDR's administration of pressing for war with Germany.
- 1943 – World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija ending the Italian occupation of Corsica.
- 1944 – World War II: The Western Allied invasion of Germany begins near the city of Aachen.
- 1944 – World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500.
- 1945 – World War II: Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo.
- 1954 – Hurricane Edna hits New England (United States) as a Category 2 hurricane, causing significant damage and 29 deaths.[13]
- 1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state.
- 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Army captures the town of Burki, just southeast of Lahore.
- 1967 – China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, Sikkim, India, which resulted in military clashes.
- 1968 – Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew.
- 1970 – The Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25.
- 1971 – The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
- 1972 – The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system begins passenger service.
- 1973 – A coup in Chile, headed by General Augusto Pinochet, topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. Pinochet exercises dictatorial power until ousted in a referendum in 1988, staying in power until 1990.
- 1973 – JAT Airways Flight 769 crashes into the Maganik mountain range while on approach to Titograd Airport, killing 35 passengers and six crew.[14]
- 1974 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew.
- 1976 – A bomb planted by a Croatian terrorist, Zvonko Bušić, is found at New York's Grand Central Terminal; one NYPD officer is killed trying to defuse it.
- 1980 – A new constitution of Chile is established under the influence of then Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, which is subject to controversy in Chile today.
- 1982 – The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by Phalange forces.
- 1989 – Hungary announces that the East German refugees who had been housed in temporary camps were free to leave for West Germany.
- 1990 – A Faucett Boeing 727 disappears in the Atlantic Ocean while being flown from Malta to Peru.[15]
- 1991 – Continental Express Flight 2574 crashes in Colorado County, Texas, near Eagle Lake, killing 11 passengers and three crew.[16]
- 1992 – Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai and Oahu.
- 1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.
- 1997 – Kurkse tragedy: Fourteen Estonian soldiers of the Baltic Battalion are drowned or die of hypothermia during a training exercise in the Kurkse Strait.[17]
- 1997 – After a nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a devolved parliament within the United Kingdom.
- 2001 – The September 11 attacks, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks killing 2,996 people using four aircraft hijacked by 19 members of al-Qaeda. Two aircraft crash into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third crashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.[18]
- 2007 – Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of All Bombs.
- 2008 – A major Channel Tunnel fire breaks out on a freight train, resulting in the closure of part of the tunnel for six months.
- 2011 – A dedication ceremony is held at the United States National September 11 Memorial on the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks in New York City, and the memorial opens to family members.[19]
- 2012 – A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan.
- 2012 – The U.S. embassy in Benghazi, Libya is attacked, resulting in four deaths.
- 2015 – A crane collapses onto the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Saudi Arabia, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others.
Births
Pre-1600
- 600 – Yuknoom Ch'een II, Mayan ruler
- 1182 – Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shōgun (d. 1204)
- 1318 – Eleanor of Lancaster, countess of Arundel (d. 1372)
- 1465 – Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (d. 1536)
- 1476 – Louise of Savoy, French regent (d. 1531)[20]
- 1494 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders (1518–1538) (d. 1572)
- 1522 – Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian ornithologist and botanist (d. 1605)[21]
- 1524 – Pierre de Ronsard, French poet and author (d. 1585)[22]
- 1525 – John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1598)[23]
- 1557 – Joseph Calasanz, Spanish priest and founder of Piarists (d. 1648)[24]
- 1572 – Daniyal, Imperial Prince of the Royal House of Timur (d. 1604)
- 1578 – Vincenzo Maculani, Catholic cardinal (d. 1667)
1601–1900
- 1611 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (d. 1675)
- 1681 – Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German academic and jurist (d. 1741)
- 1700 – James Thomson, Scottish poet and playwright (d. 1748)
- 1711 – William Boyce, English organist and composer (d. 1779)
- 1723 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German author and educator (d. 1790)
- 1751 – Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1827)
- 1764 – Valentino Fioravanti, Italian organist and composer (d. 1837)
- 1771 – Mungo Park, Scottish surgeon and explorer (d. 1806)
- 1786 – Friedrich Kuhlau, German-Danish pianist and composer (d. 1832)
- 1798 – Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist and physicist (d. 1895)
- 1800 – Daniel S. Dickinson, American lawyer and politician, 13th Lieutenant Governor of New York (d. 1866)
- 1816 – Carl Zeiss, German lens maker, created the Optical instrument (d. 1888)
- 1825 – Eduard Hanslick, Bohemian-Austrian musicologist and critic (d. 1904)
- 1829 – Thomas Hill, American painter (d. 1908)
- 1836 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American journalist, author, and explorer (d. 1870)
- 1838 – John Ireland, Irish-American archbishop (d. 1918)
- 1847 – Mary Watson Whitney, American astronomer and academic (d. 1921)[25]
- 1859 – Vjenceslav Novak, Croatian author and playwright (d. 1905)
- 1860 – James Allan, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1934)
- 1861 – Juhani Aho, Finnish author and journalist (d. 1921)
- 1862 – Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, English field marshal and politician, 12th Governor General of Canada (d. 1935)
- 1862 – Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician (d. 1910)
- 1862 – O. Henry, American short story writer (d. 1910)
- 1865 – Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (d. 1929)
- 1871 – Scipione Borghese, 10th Prince of Sulmona, Italian racing driver, mountaineer, and politician (d. 1927)
- 1876 – Stan Rowley, Australian sprinter (d. 1924)
- 1877 – Felix Dzerzhinsky, Polish-Russian academic and politician (d. 1926)
- 1877 – James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (d. 1946)
- 1879 – Louis Coatalen, French engineer (d. 1962)
- 1884 – Sudhamoy Pramanick, Indian activist and politician (d. 1974)
- 1885 – D. H. Lawrence, English novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1930)
- 1885 – Herbert Stothart, American composer and conductor (d. 1949)
- 1891 – William Thomas Walsh, American historian, author, and educator (d. 1949)
- 1893 – Douglas Hawkes, English-Greek racing driver and engineer (d. 1974)
- 1895 – Vinoba Bhave, Indian philosopher and Gandhian, Bharat Ratna Awardee (d. 1982)
- 1898 – Gerald Templer, English field marshal and politician, British High Commissioner in Malaya (d. 1979)
- 1899 – Philipp Bouhler, German politician (d. 1945)
- 1899 – Jimmie Davis, American singer-songwriter and politician, 47th Governor of Louisiana (d. 2000)
- 1899 – Anton Koolmann, Estonian wrestler and coach (d. 1953)
1901–present
- 1901 – D. W. Brooks, American farmer and businessman, founded Gold Kist (d. 1999)
- 1903 – Theodor Adorno, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)
- 1903 – Stephen Etnier, American lieutenant and painter (d. 1984)
- 1904 – Karl Plutus, Estonian lawyer and jurist (d. 2010)
- 1907 – Lev Oborin, Russian pianist and educator (d. 1974)
- 1908 – Alvar Lidell, English journalist (d. 1981)
- 1911 – Lala Amarnath, Indian cricketer (d. 2000)
- 1911 – Bola de Nieve, Cuban singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1971)
- 1913 – Bear Bryant, American football player and coach (d. 1983)
- 1913 – Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and academic (d. 2014)
- 1914 – Serbian Patriarch Pavle II (d. 2009)
- 1915 – Dajikaka Gadgil, Indian jeweller (d. 2014)[26]
- 1916 – Ed Sabol, American film producer, co-founded NFL Films (d. 2015)
- 1917 – Donald Blakeslee, American colonel and pilot (d. 2008)
- 1917 – Herbert Lom, Czech-born English actor (d. 2012)
- 1917 – Ferdinand Marcos, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 10th President of the Philippines (d. 1989)
- 1917 – Jessica Mitford, English-American journalist and author (d. 1996)
- 1917 – Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer and horse breeder (d. 2001)
- 1921 – Leaford Bearskin, American tribal leader and colonel (d. 2012)
- 1923 – Betsy Drake, American actress (d. 2015)
- 1923 – Vasilije Mokranjac, Serbian composer and academic (d. 1984)
- 1924 – Daniel Akaka, American soldier, engineer, and politician (d. 2018)
- 1924 – Tom Landry, American football player and coach (d. 2000)
- 1924 – Rudolf Vrba, Czech-Canadian pharmacologist and educator (d. 2006)
- 1925 – Harry Somers, Canadian soldier and composer (d. 1999)
- 1926 – Eddie Miksis, American baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1927 – Keith Holman, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2011)
- 1927 – G. David Schine, American soldier and businessman (d. 1996)
- 1928 – Reubin Askew, American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 37th Governor of Florida (d. 2014)
- 1928 – Earl Holliman, American actor
- 1929 – Luis García, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (d. 2014)
- 1929 – Primož Kozak, Slovenian playwright (d. 1981)
- 1929 – Patrick Mayhew, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (d. 2016)
- 1930 – Cathryn Damon, American actress and dancer (d. 1987)
- 1930 – Jean-Claude Forest, French author and illustrator (d. 1998)
- 1930 – Saleh Selim, Egyptian footballer, manager, and actor (d. 2002)
- 1931 – Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (d. 2014)
- 1933 – Margaret Booth, English lawyer and judge (d. 2021)[27]
- 1933 – William Luther Pierce, American author and activist (d. 2002)
- 1933 – Nicola Pietrangeli, Italian tennis player
- 1934 – Oliver Jones, Canadian pianist and composer
- 1935 – Arvo Pärt, Estonian composer[28]
- 1935 – Gherman Titov, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2000)
- 1936 – Pavel Landovský, Czech actor, director, and playwright (d. 2014)
- 1937 – Robert Crippen, American captain, pilot, and astronaut
- 1937 – Queen Paola of Belgium[29]
- 1938 – David Higgins, English composer and conductor (d. 2006)
- 1938 – Brian F. G. Johnson, English chemist and academic
- 1939 – Charles Geschke, American businessman, co-founded Adobe Systems (d. 2021)[30]
- 1940 – Brian De Palma, American director, producer, and screenwriter[31]
- 1940 – Nông Đức Mạnh, Vietnamese politician
- 1941 – Minnijean Brown-Trickey, Civil Rights activist and Little Rock Nine member
- 1942 – Lola Falana, American actress, singer, and dancer
- 1943 – André Caillé, Canadian chemist and businessman
- 1943 – Brian Perkins, New Zealand-English journalist and actor
- 1944 – Everaldo, Brazilian footballer (d. 1974)
- 1944 – Freddy Thielemans, Belgian educator and politician, Mayor of Brussels
- 1945 – Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer and manager
- 1945 – Gianluigi Gelmetti, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2021)
- 1945 – Leo Kottke, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1946 – Dennis Tufano, American rock singer
- 1948 – John Martyn, English-Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)
- 1949 – Roger Uttley, English rugby player and coach
- 1949 – Bill Whittington, American racing driver
- 1950 – Anne Dell, Australian biochemist and academic
- 1950 – Bruce Doull, Australian footballer
- 1950 – Amy Madigan, American actress
- 1950 – Barry Sheene, English motorcycle racer and sportscaster (d. 2003)
- 1951 – Miroslav Dvořák, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2008)
- 1951 – Richard D. Gill, English-Dutch mathematician and academic
- 1951 – Hugo Porta, Argentinian rugby player
- 1952 – Catherine Bott, English soprano
- 1953 – Jani Allan, English-South African journalist and author
- 1953 – Sarita Francis, Former Montserrat Deputy Governor[32]
- 1953 – Renée Geyer, Australian singer-songwriter
- 1953 – Tommy Shaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1955 – Sharon Lamb, American psychologist and academic
- 1956 – Tony Gilroy, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1959 – Andre Dubus III, American novelist and short story writer
- 1959 – David Frost, South African golfer
- 1960 – Hiroshi Amano, Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1960 – Michael P. Leavitt, American soldier
- 1961 – Philip Ardagh, English author
- 1961 – Virginia Madsen, American actress
- 1961 – Samina Raja, Pakistani poet and educator (d. 2012)
- 1962 – Filip Dewinter, Belgian politician
- 1962 – Kristy McNichol, American actress
- 1962 – Victoria Poleva, Ukrainian pianist and composer
- 1962 – Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer
- 1962 – Jenny Sanford, American banker and businesswoman
- 1963 – Dave Bidini, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1965 – Bashar al-Assad, Syrian politician, 21st President of Syria[33]
- 1965 – Paul Heyman, American wrestling promoter, manager, and journalist
- 1965 – Moby, American singer-songwriter, musician, and DJ
- 1967 – Maria Bartiromo, American financial journalist and television personality
- 1967 – Harry Connick Jr., American singer-songwriter, pianist, actor, and talk show host
- 1967 – Sung Jae-gi, South Korean activist, founded Man of Korea (d. 2013)
- 1967 – Charles Walker, English politician
- 1968 – Allan Alaküla, Estonian journalist
- 1968 – Paul Mayeda Berges, American director and screenwriter
- 1969 – Stefano Cagol, Italian artist, photographer and director
- 1969 – Eduardo Pérez, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster
- 1970 – Antonio Gómez Medina, Mexican wrestler
- 1970 – Taraji P. Henson, American actress and singer [34]
- 1971 – Richard Ashcroft, English singer-songwriter and musician
- 1974 – DeLisha Milton-Jones, American basketball player and coach
- 1975 – Juan Cobián, Argentinian footballer
- 1975 – Pierre Issa, South African footballer
- 1976 – Tomáš Enge, Czech racing driver
- 1976 – Murali Kartik, Indian cricketer
- 1977 – Ludacris, American rapper and producer
- 1977 – Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player[35]
- 1977 – Tobias Zellner, German footballer
- 1978 – Ben Lee, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
- 1978 – Ed Reed, American football player
- 1978 – Dejan Stanković, Serbian footballer and manager
- 1979 – Eric Abidal, French footballer
- 1979 – Frank Francisco, Dominican baseball player[36]
- 1979 – David Pizarro, Chilean footballer
- 1980 – Mike Comrie, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1980 – Antônio Pizzonia, Brazilian racing driver
- 1981 – Andrea Dossena, Italian footballer
- 1981 – Dylan Klebold, American mass murderer, responsible for the Columbine High School massacre (d. 1999)[37]
- 1982 – Elvan Abeylegesse, Ethiopian-Turkish runner
- 1982 – Yelena Parkhomenko, Azerbaijani volleyball player[38]
- 1983 – Vivian Cheruiyot, Kenyan runner
- 1983 – Ike Diogu, American basketball player
- 1983 – Jacoby Ellsbury, American baseball player
- 1984 – Aled de Malmanche, New Zealand rugby player
- 1984 – Benson Stanley, New Zealand rugby player
- 1985 – Shaun Livingston, American basketball player
- 1985 – Zack Stortini, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1986 – Chiliboy Ralepelle, South African rugby player
- 1987 – Robert Acquafresca, Italian footballer
- 1987 – Tyler Hoechlin, American actor
- 1988 – Mike Moustakas, American baseball player
- 1990 – Jo Inge Berget, Norwegian footballer
- 1990 – Jarrod Croker, Australian rugby league player
- 1991 – Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer
- 1991 – Rhema Obed, English footballer
- 1991 – Kygo, Norwegian DJ
- 1992 – Jonathan Adams, English discus thrower
- 1993 – Farrah Moan, American drag queen and entertainer
- 1997 – Harmony Tan, French tennis player[39]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 883 – Kesta Styppiotes, Byzantine general
- 1063 – Béla I of Hungary (b. 1016)
- 1161 – Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem (b. 1105)
- 1185 – Stephen Hagiochristophorites, Byzantine courtier (b. 1130)
- 1279 – Robert Kilwardby, English cardinal (b. 1215)
- 1297 – Hugh de Cressingham, English Treasurer[2]
- 1298 – Philip of Artois, Lord of Conches, Nonancourt, and Domfront (b. 1269)
- 1349 – Bonne of Luxembourg, queen of John II of France (b. 1315)
- 1569 – Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (b. 1530)
- 1599 – Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (b. 1577)
1601–1900
- 1677 – James Harrington, English philosopher and author (b. 1611)
- 1680 – Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596)
- 1721 – Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665)
- 1733 – François Couperin, French organist and composer (b. 1668)
- 1760 – Louis Godin, French astronomer and academic (b. 1704)
- 1823 – David Ricardo, English economist and politician (b. 1772)
- 1843 – Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (b. 1786)
- 1865 – Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (b. 1806)
- 1888 – Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Argentinian journalist and politician, 7th President of Argentina (b. 1811)
- 1896 – Francis James Child, American scholar and educator (b. 1825)
1901–present
- 1911 – Louis Henri Boussenard, French explorer and author (b. 1847)
- 1915 – William Sprague IV, American businessman and politician, 27th Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1830)
- 1917 – Georges Guynemer, French captain and pilot (b. 1894)
- 1919 – Quianu Robinson, New Mexican Congressman and political ally of Conrad Hilton (b. 1852)[40]
- 1921 – Subramania Bharati, Indian journalist, poet, and activist (b. 1882)
- 1926 – Matsunosuke Onoe, Japanese actor and director (b. 1875)
- 1932 – Stanisław Wigura, Polish pilot and businessman, co-founded the RWD Company (b. 1901)
- 1932 – Franciszek Żwirko, Polish soldier and pilot (b. 1895)
- 1935 – Charles Norris, American coroner (b. 1867)
- 1939 – Konstantin Korovin, Russian-French painter and set designer (b. 1861)
- 1941 – Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian physician, journalist, and politician, Soviet Ambassador to France (b. 1873)
- 1948 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Pakistan (b. 1876)
- 1949 – Henri Rabaud, French composer and conductor (b. 1873)
- 1950 – Jan Smuts, South African field marshal and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1870)
- 1952 – Alfrēds Riekstiņš, Latvian military officer and freedom fighter (d. 1913)
- 1956 – Billy Bishop, Canadian colonel and pilot (b. 1894)
- 1957 – Mary Proctor, American astronomer (b. 1862)
- 1958 – Camillien Houde, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1889)
- 1958 – Robert W. Service, English-French poet and author (b. 1874)
- 1959 – Paul Douglas, American actor (b. 1907)
- 1964 – Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, Indian poet and critic (b. 1917)
- 1965 – Ralph C. Smedley, American educator, founded Toastmasters International (b. 1878)
- 1966 – Collett E. Woolman, American businessman, co-founded Delta Air Lines (b. 1889)
- 1967 – Tadeusz Żyliński, Polish engineer and academic (b. 1904)
- 1968 – René Cogny, French general (b. 1904)
- 1971 – Nikita Khrushchev, Russian general and politician (b. 1894)
- 1973 – Salvador Allende, Chilean physician and politician, 29th President of Chile (b. 1908)
- 1973 – Neem Karoli Baba, Indian philosopher and guru
- 1974 – Lois Lenski, American author and illustrator (b. 1893)[41]
- 1978 – Mike Gazella, American baseball player and manager (b. 1895)
- 1978 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian author and playwright (b. 1929)
- 1978 – Janet Parker, English photographer (b. 1938)
- 1978 – Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (b. 1944)
- 1982 – Albert Soboul, French historian and academic (b. 1914)
- 1984 – Jerry Voorhis, American politician (b. 1901)
- 1985 – William Alwyn, English composer, conductor, and educator (b. 1905)
- 1985 – Henrietta Barnett, British Women's Royal Air Force officer (b. 1905)[42]
- 1985 – Eleanor Dark, Australian author (b. 1901)
- 1986 – Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek academic and politician, 138th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1902)
- 1986 – Noel Streatfeild, English author (b. 1895)
- 1987 – Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (b. 1915)
- 1987 – Peter Tosh, Jamaican singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1944)
- 1987 – Mahadevi Varma, Indian poet and educator (b. 1907)
- 1988 – Roger Hargreaves, English author and illustrator (b. 1935)
- 1990 – Myrna Mack, Guatemalan anthropologist and activist (b. 1949)
- 1991 – Ernst Herbeck, Austrian-German poet (b. 1920)
- 1993 – Antoine Izméry, Haitian businessman and activist
- 1993 – Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian-American conductor (b. 1912)
- 1993 – Mary Jane Reoch, American cyclist (b. 1945)[43]
- 1994 – Luciano Sgrizzi, Italian harpsichordist, pianist, and composer (b. 1910)
- 1994 – Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (b. 1909)[44]
- 1995 – Anita Harding, English neurologist and academic (b. 1952)
- 1997 – Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933)
- 1997 – Hannah Weiner, American poet (b. 1928)
- 1998 – Dane Clark, American actor (b. 1912)
- 1999 – Belkis Ayón, Cuban painter and lithographer (b. 1967)
- 1999 – Gonzalo Rodríguez, Uruguayan racing driver (b. 1972)
- 2001 – Alice Stewart Trillin, American author and educator (b. 1938)
- 2001 – Casualties of the September 11 attacks: see Category:Victims of the September 11 attacks
- 2002 – Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922)
- 2002 – Johnny Unitas, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1933)
- 2002 – David Wisniewski, American author and illustrator (b. 1953)
- 2003 – Anna Lindh, Swedish politician, 39th Minister of Foreign Affairs for Sweden (b. 1957)
- 2003 – John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948)
- 2004 – Fred Ebb, American songwriter (b. 1928)
- 2004 – David Mann, American painter and illustrator (b. 1939)
- 2004 – Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria (b. 1949)
- 2006 – William Auld, Scottish poet and author (b. 1924)
- 2006 – Joachim Fest, German journalist and author (b. 1926)
- 2007 – Ian Porterfield, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1946)[45]
- 2007 – Gene Savoy, American explorer, theologian, and author (b. 1927)
- 2007 – Jean Séguy, French sociologist and author (b. 1925)
- 2007 – Joe Zawinul, Austrian keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1932)
- 2009 – Jim Carroll, American author, poet and musician (b. 1949)
- 2009 – Pierre Cossette, Canadian producer and manager (b. 1923)
- 2009 – Larry Gelbart, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
- 2009 – Yoshito Usui, Japanese author and illustrator (b. 1958)
- 2010 – Harold Gould, American actor (b. 1923)
- 2010 – Kevin McCarthy, American actor (b. 1914)
- 2011 – Christian Bakkerud, Danish racing driver (b. 1984)
- 2011 – Ralph Gubbins, English footballer (b. 1932)
- 2011 – Anjali Gupta, Indian soldier and pilot (b. 1975)
- 2011 – Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor and model (b. 1971)[46]
- 2012 – Finn Bergesen, Norwegian civil servant and businessman (b. 1945)[47]
- 2012 – Tomas Evjen, Norwegian cinematographer and producer (b. 1972)
- 2012 – J. Christopher Stevens, American lawyer and diplomat, 10th United States Ambassador to Libya (b. 1960)
- 2013 – Francisco Chavez, Filipino lawyer and politician, Solicitor General of the Philippines (b. 1947)
- 2013 – Albert Jacquard, French geneticist and biologist (b. 1925)
- 2013 – Andrzej Trybulec, Polish mathematician and computer scientist (b. 1941)
- 2014 – Bob Crewe, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1930)
- 2014 – Antoine Duhamel, French composer and conductor (b. 1925)
- 2014 – Donald Sinden, English actor (b. 1923)
- 2016 – Alexis Arquette, American actress, musician and cabaret performer (b. 1969)
- 2019 – B. J. Habibie, 3rd President of Indonesia (b. 1936)[48]
- 2020 – Toots Hibbert, Jamaican singer and songwriter (b. 1942)[49]
- 2022 – Javier Marías, Spanish novelist, journalist and translator (b. 1951)[50][51]
- 2022 – Joyce Reynolds, British classicist and academic (b. 1918)[52]
Holidays and observances
- Battle of Tendra Day (Russia)
- Christian feast days:
- Blessed Francesco Bonifacio
- Deiniol
- Felix, Regula, and Exuperantius
- Harry Burleigh (Episcopal Church)
- John Gabriel Perboyre (one of Martyr Saints of China)
- Leudinus (Bobo)
- Our Lady of Coromoto
- Paphnutius of Thebes (Roman Catholic Church)
- Patiens of Lyon
- Protus and Hyacinth
- Sperandia
- Theodora of Alexandria
- September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Death Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan)
- Emergency Number Day (United States)
- Enkutatash falls on this day if it is not a leap year. Celebrated on the first day of Mäskäräm. (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Rastafari)
- National Day (Catalonia)
- Nayrouz (Coptic Orthodox Church), September 12 on leap years.
- September 11 attacks-related observances (United States):
- Teachers' Day (Argentina)
References
- ^ Toksvig, Sandi (11 September 2011). "Sandi Toksvig on September 11". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ a b Historic Environment Scotland. "Battle of Stirling Bridge (BTL28)". Retrieved 18 June 2020.
- ^ Kanellos, Nicolás (1995). Chronology of Hispanic-American history: from pre-Columbian times to the present. New York: Gale Research. p. 40. ISBN 9780810392007.
- ^ Ganado, Albert (1994). A study in depth of 143 maps representing the great siege of Malta of 1565. Valletta, Malta San Gwann, Malta: Bank of Valletta Publishers Enterprises Group. pp. 30–64. ISBN 9789990900507.
- ^ James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Greenwood Press. p. 383.
- ^ C. Curtiss Johnson; Trevor Nevitt Dupuy (1983). Analysis of Factors that Have Influenced Outcomes of Battles and Wars: A Data Base of Battles and Engagements : Final Report. Historical Evaluation and Research Organization, Division of T.N. Dupuy Associates. p. 105.
- ^ Harris, Michael (2014). Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatiuùuù hie. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7.
- ^ Schechter, Stephen (1985). The Reluctant pillar: New York and the adoption of the federal Constitution. Troy, NY: Russell Sage College. p. 35. ISBN 9780930309008.
- ^ Milanes, Victor (1988). The British colonial experience, 1800-1964: the impact on Maltese society. Msida, Malta: Mireva Publications. p. 12. ISBN 9781870579018.
- ^ Robin Chowdhury; Phil Flentje; Gautam Bhattacharya (18 November 2009). Geotechnical Slope Analysis. CRC Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-203-86420-3.
- ^ Jorma O. Tiainen (1987). Vuosisatamme Kronikka (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Gummerus Kustannus. p. 179. ISBN 951-20-2893-X.
- ^ "Facts & Figures: Construction". Pentagon Tours. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014.
- ^ Public Works Appropriations for 1956: Hearings Before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Eighty-fourth Congress, First Session. Eastern Section. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1955. p. 298.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N YU-AHD Titograd". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-07-25.
- ^ Claiborne, William (12 September 1990). "PERUVIAN AIRLINER LOST IN ATLANTIC OFF CANADA". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Embraer EMB-120RT Brasilia N33701 Eagle Lake, TX". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-06-30.
- ^ Toomas Sildam (July 29, 2021). "Ühtegi and Tali: Will to defend ourselves breaking the greatest threat". news.err.ee/. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
- ^ "Bin Laden claims responsibility for 9/11". CBC News. October 29, 2004. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
al-Qaeda's suicide airplane attacks on Sept. 11, 2001.
- ^ "Visitors to New York's 9/11 memorial top 1 million". CNN. December 29, 2011. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- ^ "Louise Of Savoy | French regent". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Ulisse Aldrovandi (1963). Aldrovandi on Chickens: The Ornithology of Ulisse Aldrovandi (1600) Volume II, Book XIV. University of Oklahoma Press. p. xviii.
- ^ Pierre de Ronsard (1967). Lyrics of Pierre de Ronsard, Vandomois. Oliver & Boyd. p. 11.
- ^ Thomas Carlyle (1980). The Works of Thomas Carlyle. AMS Press. p. 314.
- ^ Francis Mershman. "St. Joseph Calasanctius". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ McHenry, Robert (1980). Liberty's Women. Springfield: G. & C. Merriam. p. 442. ISBN 978-0-87779-064-8.
- ^ Joshi, P. K. (1989). Gadgil Kulavruttanta [The Gadgil Family Genealogy Almanac] (in Marathi). Pune. pp. 85–97.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Dame Margaret Booth obituary". The Times. January 26, 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
- ^ "Estonia's classical composer Arvo Pärt: Still radically essential at 85". DW. September 12, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
- ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVI. "Ruffo". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2001, pp. 522–529. ISBN 3-7980-0824-8.
- ^ "Classics: Charles "Chuck" Geschke". willamette.edu. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
- ^ Andrew, Geoff (1990). The film handbook. Boston, Mass: G.K. Hall. p. 78. ISBN 9780816118304.
- ^ "Companies House".
- ^ Zisser, Eyal (2007). Commanding Syria: Bashar Al-Asad And the First Years in Power. I.B. Tauris. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84511-153-3.
- ^ "Taraji P. Henson". Britannica. Retrieved March 5, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Profile at World Snooker". World Snooker Association. 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
- ^
- Career statistics and player information from MLB
- ^ "Dylan Klebold". biography.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- ^ "Yelena Parkhomenko". www.fivb.org. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Harmony Tan | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
- ^ The Silver Spade: The Conrad Hilton Story. Farrar, Straus and Young. 1954.
- ^ Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah, eds. (2001). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. Waterford: Yorkin Publications, Gale Group. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-78764-068-2.
- ^ Stone, Tessa (2004). "Barnett, Dame (Mary) Henrietta (1905–1985), air force officer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/63949. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 2019-08-05. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Mary Jane Reoch Inducted in 1994 for Modern Road & Track Competitor (1945-1975)". U.S. Bicycling Hall of Fame. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
- ^ Shipman, David (12 September 1994). "Obituary: Jessica Tandy". The Independent. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ^ "Ian Porterfield". www.scotsman.com. 13 September 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
- ^ "Spartacus star Andy Whitfield, 39, dies in Sydney". News.com.au. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ^ "Finn Bergesen". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
- ^ "Former Indonesian President Habibie Dies at Age 83". The New York Times. 11 September 2019. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
- ^ "Toots Hibbert, a Father of Reggae, Is Dead". The New York Times. 12 September 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- ^ "Spanish novelist Javier Marías dies at age 70". AP.
- ^ Morto lo scrittore Javier Marías (in Italian)
- ^ A tribute to Joyce Reynolds FBA (1918–2022)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to September 11.
- "On This Day". BBC.
- The New York Times: On This Day
- "Historical Events on September 11". OnThisDay.com.
- "Today in Canadian History". Canada Channel.