Coward Springs
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2016) |
| Coward Springs Stuarts Creek, South Australia | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Coward Springs, ca. 1935 | |
  Coward Springs | |
| Coordinates | 29°24′04″S 136°48′42″E / 29.401087°S 136.811805°E[1] |
| Established | 1858 |
| Elevation | 18 m (59 ft)[1] |
| Time zone | ACST (UTC+9:30) |
| • Summer (DST) | ACDT (UTC+10:30) |
| Location | 236 km (147 mi) east of Coober Pedy |
| State electorate(s) | Stuart[2] |
| Federal division(s) | Grey[3] |
| Footnotes | Location[4] |
Coward Springs is a former railway station of the Central Australia Railway and associated settlement in the Far North region of South Australia, west of Lake Eyre South.
The name refers to a nearby mound spring, situated on the Oodnadatta Track adjacent to the Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park. The site is within the locality of Stuarts Creek, 236 km (147 mi) from Coober Pedy and 216 km (134 mi) from Coober Pedy.[1][4] A camping ground is at the site, where the attractions include two heritage-listed buildings, the original bore, date palms and tamarisk trees.
Nomenclature and official status
The South Australian Commissioner of Police, Peter Warburton, named Coward Springs in 1858 after Corporal Thomas Coward. In 2019, Coward Springs's placename status was changed from "locality" to "mound spring".[5]
History
The South Australian government completed a 400-foot (120 m) borehole in 1886,[6] from which water from the Great Artesian Basin rose 15 feet (4.6 m) above ground.[7] The salty water corroded the bore head and casing, flowing uncontrolled to form a large pool and, by the 1920s, a wetland, in the dry gibber plain. It was reputed to be a popular place for local residents and – at a time when the railway's outback timetables had room for delays – train crews and passengers to cool off.
In 1993, the South Australian government redrilled and relined the bore, reducing the flow rate. The camping ground operators subsequently built a "natural spa" imitating the old pool, from which water was directed into the wetland.
The wetland created its own dynamics as an oasis providing water and food, shelter and breeding areas for a wide range of wildlife. As of 2008[update], the site was recorded as hosting 99 plant species, 126 bird species and numerous small native mammals, reptiles, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.
A school was opened in 1888, but it was closed in 1890. The Coward Springs Hotel, however, was licensed from 1887 to 1953. As trains pulled into the station, passengers were given directions to the "pub" and the "bath" for their choice of refreshment.
Camping ground and heritage-listed place
As of 2020[update], Coward Springs was privately operated as a campground and heritage area. At the behest of the operators, the "Coward Springs railway site" was listed in the South Australian Heritage Register in 1998.[8] The register cites the assets as:
a good example of an outback railway site in South Australia, being an important stopover for passengers travelling to Oodnadatta, as well as a stock and supply terminus. The date palms are a reminder of commercial ventures in the interior, and the tamarisk trees are examples of introduced species suitable for arid conditions.[note 1]
There are two restored stone railway buildings (a stationmaster's house, in private use, and train crew quarters),[note 2] two in-ground rainwater tanks, the original bore, date palms and tamarisk trees, also known as athel pines.[11]
Although the date palms reputedly were planted by pioneering "Afghan" cameleers, they are in fact remnants of two acres of date palms (variety Deglet Noor) planted in 1898 as part of a South Australian government experimental plantation. Surviving date palms from this plantation still produce fruit.
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The wetlands -
The camping area -
The restored former station master's house is also heritage-listed
Notes
- ^ Tamarisk trees were declared a weed of national significance as a consequence of their spread, most dramatically and noticeably in central Australia, after floods of 1974 along the Finke River in the Northern Territory. Before then, the species had been present for many decades without much spread.[9][10]
- ^ The register refers to an "engine driver's cabin". However, such quarters, usually termed "barracks" by the South Australian Railways regardless of their size, were routinely used by three people – driver, fireman and guard – and occasionally a fitter or other employee, to rest at the end of their work shift.
References
- ^ a b c "Search results for 'Coward Springs Railway Station' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', 'Gazetteer' and 'Railways'". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
- ^ "District of Stuart Background Profile". Electoral Commission SA. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Federal electoral division of Grey, boundary gazetted 16 December 2011" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ a b "How to get there". Coward Springs Campground. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
- ^ "Search results for 'Coward Springs (Spring)' with the following datasets being selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions' and 'Gazetteer'". Location SA Map Viewer. Government of South Australia. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
- ^ "Coward Springs". Flinders Ranges Research. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
- ^ "Place Names of South Australia - C". Manning Index of South Australian History. State Library of South Australia. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
- ^ "Coward Springs Railway Site". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
- ^ Griffin, G.F.; Smith, D.M.S.; Morton, S.R.; Allan, G.E.; Masters, K.A.; Preece, N. (1989) 'Status and implications of the invasion of tamarisk (Tamarix aphylla ) on the Finke River, Northern Territory, Australia.' Journal of Environmental Management, 1989, vol. 29, no.4, 297–315
- ^ "Weeds Australia - weeds of national significance - athel pine". weeds.org.au. Archived from the original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
- ^ "Heritage place details [Coward Springs Railway Site]". SA Heritage Places Database Search. Government of South Australia. 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.