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French Prairie

Coordinates: 45°11′05″N 122°57′33″W / 45.18472°N 122.95917°W / 45.18472; -122.95917
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Looking northeast toward Mount Hood (left)
Location of the French Prairie in Oregon

French Prairie is located in Marion County, Oregon, United States, in the Willamette Valley between the Willamette River and the Pudding River, north of Salem. It was named for some of the earliest settlers of that part of the Oregon Country, French Canadian/Métis[1] people who were mostly former employees of the Hudson's Bay Company.[2] "French Prairie" naming was first captured in writing in the early 1850s by a French Consul to California visiting Oregon. Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint-Amant referred to the area as "les prairies françaises".[3] French Prairie is also known as an early Métis settlement in the Pacific Northwest history.[4]

History

Early settlement (non-Indigenous)

Wallace House was first established in 1812 by William Wallace Matthews and John C. Halsley. The Pacific Fur Company temporary outpost of Fort Astoria was located at the southern end of French Prairie, North of present-day city of Salem, Oregon.[5] The Willamette Trading Post was established in 1814 by the North West Company near the site of Champoeg.

Road signage historical marker (summer 2022) for the Willamette Trading Post

By 1829, Étienne Lucier was establishing a land claim nearby and starting to settle and retire with the help of its Hudson's Bay Company employer. Lucier was soon joined settling with Joseph Gervais (1831), Pierre Belleque (1833) and many more in following years.

By 1836, sixteen Roman Catholic French Canadian settlers representing a group of 77 were petitioning Norbert Provencher, the Bishop of Juliopolis at the Red River Colony (present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) to have a priest sent to them.[6][7] Bishop François Norbert Blanchet finally arrived in 1838. These first French Canadian settlers built hewn log homes in the French style and started wheat farms.[8] The homes were built with clay and stick chimneys, ash bark roofs, and animal skin windows that were similar to the homes built on the eastern Canadian frontier.[8] By 1843, approximately 100 French Canadian/Métis families lived on the prairie.[8]

The St. Paul Roman Catholic Church, in St. Paul, was built in 1846 by the original settlers of French Prairie and is the oldest brick building still standing in the Pacific Northwest.

St. Paul Roman Catholic Church in St. Paul

Later settlement

For a short time in the 1880s the Oregonian Railway Company had a station named French Prairie about two miles southeast of the city of St. Paul.[2]

French Prairie today

The French Prairie area is still an important agricultural area of the Willamette Valley, and there is concern about urban development encroaching on arable land.[9]

Geography

Generally, the French Prairie is bounded by the Pudding River on the east, the Salem-Keizer metropolitan area on the south, and the Willamette River on both the north and west as the Willamette makes a 90 degree turn to the south near Newberg.[8] Settlements on French Prairie founded by French Canadians include Butteville, Champoeg, Gervais, Saint Louis, and St. Paul.

Notable residents

References

  1. ^ Edmonston, George P. Jr.; Patricia Filip. "Rewrites". A look at five OSU researchers who are revolutionizing their academic disciplines. Oregon Stater. Archived from the original on 2007-02-22. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
  2. ^ a b McArthur, Lewis A.; Lewis L. McArthur (2003) [1928]. Oregon Geographic Names (7th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87595-277-1.
  3. ^ "French Prairie".
  4. ^ Barman, Jean French Canadians, furs, and indigenous women in the making of the Pacific Northwest. UBC Press. Vancouver 2014. Chapter 7: "Initiating Permanent Settlement"
  5. ^ Henry, Alexander, and David Thompson. New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest: The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry, Fur Trader of the Northwest Company, and of David Thompson, Official Geographer and Explorer of the Same Company, 1799-1814 ; Exploration and Adventure among the Indians on the Red, Saskatchewan, Missouri, and Columbia Rivers. Edited by Elliott Coues. Vol. 2. New York City: Francis P. Harper, 1897. pp. 817-818.
  6. ^ Lenzen, Connie. "Settlers on French Prairie, Oregon Territory in 1836-1838". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
  7. ^ "Willamette Settlers to the Bishop of Juliopolis". Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  8. ^ a b c d Chapman, J. S. (1993). French prairie ceramics: the Harriet D. Munnick archaeological collection, circa 1820-1860: a catalog and Northwest comparative guide. Anthropology northwest, no. 8. Corvallis, Or: Dept. of Anthropology, Oregon State University.
  9. ^ "Minutes of the Board Session". Marion County Board of Commissioners. 2006-03-08. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-17.

45°11′05″N 122°57′33″W / 45.18472°N 122.95917°W / 45.18472; -122.95917

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