Maxmuelleria lankesteri
| Maxmuelleria lankesteri | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Annelida |
| Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
| Clade: | Sedentaria |
| Subclass: | Echiura |
| Order: | Echiuroidea |
| Family: | Bonelliidae |
| Genus: | Maxmuelleria |
| Species: | M. lankesteri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman, 1897)
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Maxmuelleria lankesteri is a species of spoon worm in the family Bonelliidae. It is found in the North Atlantic Ocean. It burrows into soft sediment on the seabed, mostly in deep water.
Description
The female Maxmuelleria lankesteri is broadly cylindrical and grows to a length of about 120 mm (4.7 in), and a width of 30 mm (1.2 in). It has a proboscis which is nearly as long as the body. The proboscis is scoop-shaped with a truncated tip, but does not divide in two parts. There are a pair of large chaetae (bristles) on the under side of the body just posterior to the proboscis and the genital groove is obscure. Both body and proboscis are green. The morphology of the male is not known.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Maxmuelleria lankesteri is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Its range includes the Kattegat, the Skagerrak, the western coast of Scotland and the Irish Sea. It is mainly a deep sea species, burrowing in soft sediment.[3]
Ecology
This species makes a large semi-permanent burrow in sandy or muddy sediment. There is often a mound of sediment up to 20 cm (8 in) high by the single, funnel-shaped entrance to the burrow, and there is some evidence that a second entrance exists. Immediately below the entrance is a circular constriction with smooth walls, but beyond this the tunnel becomes wider and gradually becomes more horizontal. It may descend as deep as 80 cm (31 in) below the surface. Other animals are often found living symbiotically in the burrow, including polychaete worms and bivalve molluscs. Several species of goby may also live near the entrance and made their own modifications to the burrow, as also does the crustacean Jaxea nocturna.[4]
References
- ^ Herdman, W.A. (1897). "Note on a new British echiuroid gephyrean, with remarks on the genera Thalassema and Hamingia". Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. New Series. 40 (159): 367–384. BHL page 13827581.
- ^ Tanaka, Masaatsu (2017). "Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman, 1897)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ a b M.J. de Kluijver. "Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman, 1897)". Macrobenthos of the North Sea: Miscellaneous worms. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
- ^ Nickell, L.A.; Atkinson, R.J.A.; Hughes, D.J.; Ansell, A.D.; Smith, C.J. (1995). "Burrow morphology of the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Echiura: Bonelliidae), and a brief review of burrow structure and related ecology of the Echiura". Journal of Natural History. 29 (4): 871–885. doi:10.1080/00222939500770311.
Further reading
- Bock, S. (1942). "On the structure and affinities of "Thalassema" lankesteri Herdman and the classification of the group Echiuroidea". Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar, Sjätte följden. Ser. B. 2 (6): 1–94.