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Erwin von Neipperg

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Erwin von Neipperg
Born(1813-04-06)6 April 1813
Schwaigern, Heilbronn, Württemberg
Died2 March 1897(1897-03-02) (aged 83)
Schwaigern, Heilbronn, Württemberg, German Empire
Allegiance Austrian Empire
 Württemberg
 Austria-Hungary
Branch Austria Army
 Royal Württemberg Army
 Austro-Hungarian Army
Years of service1833 – 1876
RankGeneral of the Cavalry
Commands4th Division, VIII Army Corps
Battles / warsFirst Italian War of Independence

Austro-Prussian War

Count Erwin Franz Ludwig Bernhard Ernst von Neipperg (6 April 1813 – 2 March 1897) was an Austrian General of the Cavalry of Württembergian descent who was notable for being the main commander at the Battle of Aschaffenburg.

Early life

Neipperg was born on 6 April 1813 in Schwaigern, in the Kingdom of Württemberg. He was the youngest son of General Count Adam Albert von Neipperg (a grandson of Count Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg) and his first wife, Countess Theresa von Pola di Treviso (1778–1815). His elder brother, Count Alfred von Neipperg, married Princess Marie Friederike Charlotte of Württemberg (a daughter of King William I of Württemberg and Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, the fourth daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia).[1] After his mother's death, Adam Albert would marry Archduchess Maria Luisa of Habsburg-Lorraine, Napoleon's widow and daughter of Emperor Franz II, thus acquiring the title of Count of Neipperg.[2]

Career

Portrait of Count Erwin Franz Ludwig Berhard Ernst von Neipperg. by Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, c. 1825

Neipperg completed military studies and after the death of his father acquired, in coregency with his brothers Alfred, Ferdinand and Gustav, lead the village of Schwaigern with its annexation of Burg Neipperg, the hunting grounds in Kleingartach, Bönningheim and Erlingheim as well as lands in Schwaigern and a forest near Neipperg. In 1833, he and his brothers closed a trust on the succession, which gave all the property to the eldest son and regulated the succession in the event of the termination of a line of descendants.[3]

Neipperg served for a long time in the Imperial Austrian Army as a cavalry officer in the garrison in Parma, where his stepmother Maria Luisa resided.[4] He was promoted to colonel in 1848 and was commander of the Austrian garrison in Parma. He found himself to stem the weak insurrectional uprisings that took place in Parma and to support the heir to the throne, Carlo III of Parma. He participated in the battles of the First Italian War of Independence, distinguishing himself in Morozzo and Custoza. Subsequently, he was military governor of Gorizia until 1865; having been promoted to Feldmarschall-Leutnant in 1863.[5]

Fiercely anti-Prussian and a supporter of a federation of German states led by the Austrian Empire, Neipperg participated in the Austro-Prussian War at the head of the 4th Division of the VIII Army Corps, composed of Austrian and Nassauian troops. On 14 July 1866, due to the pleas of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine for Austrian support in the Campaign of the Main, he clashed with the troops of the Prussian general August Karl von Goeben near Aschaffenburg.[6] The Prussians, in clear numerical superiority with 16,600 men, won a crushing victory over Neipperg's troops that forced the Austrians, now decimated, to a hasty flight. Neipperg, after having been military commander of Bratislava and Vienna, left the Imperial Austrian Army and for some years served as head of the local militia of the Kingdom of Württemberg, leaving all military posts in 1878. Meanwhile he had been promoted to General of the Cavalry in 1870.[7]

Personal life

Neipperg's first marriage was with the Coutntess Henriette von Waldstein-Wartenberg (1823–1845), who however died after a few months of marriage, and his second marriage was with Princess Rosa von Lobkowitz (1832–1905) at Gorizia. Rosa was a sister of Prince Georg Christian von Lobkowitz and a descendant of one of the oldest and most noble families of the Bohemian aristocracy. His wedding witness was Count Georg Otto von Toggenburg-Sargans, Governor of Veneto. Together, they had three children:[8]

  • Count Reinhard (1856–1919), who married Countess Gabriele Ida von Waldstein-Wartenberg (1857–1948).[9]
  • Countess Anna Berta (1857–1932), who married Prince Ferdinand Zdenko von Lobkowitz (1858–1938).[10]
  • Countess Maria Hedwig (1859–1916), who married Count Franz Xavier von Königsegg-Aulendorf (1858–1927).[11]

Count von Neipperg died on 2 March 1897 in Schwaigern.[12]

Honors and awards

In 1873 he had been awarded by Franz Joseph of Austria, the knighthood of the Order of the Golden Fleece. He also received the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau from Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.[13]

Ancestry

References

Sources

  1. ^ Cuthell, Edith E. (1912). An Imperial Victim: Marie Louise: Archduchess of Austria, Empress of the French, Duchess of Parma. Brentano's. p. 337. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  2. ^ Martin, Frederick; Keltie, Sir John Scott; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Epstein, Mortimer; Steinberg, Sigfrid Henry; Paxton, John; Hunter (Librarian), Brian; Turner, Barry (1873). The Statesman's Year-book. Palgrave. p. 137. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  3. ^ Vollständige Sammlung der großherzoglich badischen Regierungsblätter von deren Entstehung 1803 bis 1833 (in German). Marx. 1853. p. 77. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  4. ^ Edith E. Cuthell (1912). An Imperial Victim: Marie Louise: Archduchess of Austria, Empress of the French, Duchess of Parma. Vol. 2. Brentano's. p. 366. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  5. ^ James Lucas (1987). Fighting Troops of the Austro-Hungarian Army, 1868-1914. Hippocrene Books. p. 105. ISBN 9780870523625. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  6. ^ Helmut Neuhold (June 28, 2016). Königgrätz 1866 (in German). ISBN 9783843805353. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  7. ^ Schmidt-Brentano, Antonio (2007). Die k. k. bzw. k. u. k. Generalität 1816-1918 (in German). National Archives of Austria. p. 125. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.
  8. ^ Raineval, Melville Henry Massue marquis de Ruvigny et; Raineval, Melville Henry Massue Marquis of Ruvigny and (1914). The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who," of the Sovereigns, Princes, and Nobles of Europe. Burke's Peerage. p. 1071. ISBN 978-0-85011-028-9. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  9. ^ Regierungs-Blatt für das Königreich Württemberg (in German). G. Hasselbrink. 1887. p. 299. Retrieved February 12, 2022.
  10. ^ Pisano, Sandra; Collections, Lobkowicz (2007). The Lobkowicz Collections. Scala Publishers Limited. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85759-520-8. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  11. ^ Gothaischer genealogischer Hofkalender (in German). 1909. p. 150. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  12. ^ Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon: in sechzehn Bänden. Supplement : mit 59 Tafeln, darunter 8 Chromotafeln, 22 Karten und Pläne, und 144 Textabbildungen (in German). Brockhaus. 1897. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  13. ^ Jean Schoos: Die Orden und Ehrenzeichen des Großherzogtums Luxemburg und des ehemaligen Herzogtums Nassau in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Verlag der Sankt-Paulus Druckerei AG. Luxemburg 1990. ISBN 2-87963-048-7, p. 342.

Bibliography

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