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785th Bombardment Squadron

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785th Bombardment Squadron
Squadron B-24 Liberators at RAF Attlebridge
Active1943–1945
Country United States
Branch United States Air Force
Roleheavy bomber
Insignia
785th Bombardment Squadron emblem[1]
Fuselage code[1]2U

The 785th Bombardment Squadron is a former United States Army Air Forces unit. It was organized in August 1943 as a heavy bomber unit. After training in the United States with Consolidated B-24 Liberators, the 785th moved to England, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. Following V-E Day, it returned to the United States, where it began training with Boeing B-29 Superfortresses, but was inactivated in October 1945.

History

Training in the United States

The 785th Bombardment Squadron was activated at Alamogordo Army Air Field on 1 August 1943 as one of the four original squadrons of the 466th Bombardment Group. After training there with Consolidated B-24 Liberators, the squadron departed for the European Theater of Operations in February 1944.[2][3] The ground echelon proceeded to the port of embarkation for transport to Europe by ship, while the air echelon ferried their Liberators via the South Atlantic Ferry route.[4]

Combat in Europe

The squadron arrived at its combat station, RAF Attlebridge in England in March 1944. It flew its first combat mission on 22 March in an attack on Berlin, Germany. It engaged primarily in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany, with targets that included oil refineries and facilities at Bohlen and Misburg, marshalling yards at Liège and Saarbrücken, factories at Brunswick, Kempten and Eisenach, repair facilities at Reims, mining facilities near Hamburg and airfields at Saint-Trond and Chartres.[3]

The squadron also flew air support and air interdiction missions. It attacked pillboxes in Normandy on D-Day to support Operation Overlord and performed interdiction missions against targets beyond the beachhead in the following days. During Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo in July, it bombed German positions in the city. It attacked lines of communication during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945. On 24 March, it supported Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine by attacking a military air base at Nordhorn. The squadron's last mission of the war was flown on 25 April 1945 against electrical facilities at Traunstein.[3]

Return to the United States and inactivation

Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States. The air echelon began flying their B-24s back to the United States in the middle of June, while the ground echelon sailed aboard the RMS Queen Mary on 6 July.[4] The squadron reassembled at Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota in late July 1945. In August, the squadron moved to Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona to begin training with the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. However, with the surrender of Japan, the squadron was inactivated in October as Davis-Monthan transitioned from a training base to a storage facility.[2][3][5]

Lineage

  • Constituted as the 785th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
Activated on 1 August 1943
Redesignated 785th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy in 1944
Redesignated 785th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945
Inactivated on 17 October 1945[2]

Assignments

  • 466th Bombardment Group, 1 August 1943 – 17 October 1945[2]

Stations

  • Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 1 August 1943
  • Kearns Army Air Base, Utah, 31 August 1943
  • Alamogordo Army Air Field, New Mexico, 27 November 1943 – 10 February 1944
  • RAF Attlebridge (AAF-120),[6] England, 8 March 1944 – 6 July 1945
  • Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, 15 July 1945
  • Pueblo Army Air Base, Colorado, 25 July 1945
  • Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, 26 August – 17 October 1945[7]

Aircraft

  • Consolidated B-24 Liberator, 1943–1945
  • Boeing B-29 Superfortress, 1945[2]

Campaigns

Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe 9 March 1944 – 5 June 1944 [2]
Air Combat, EAME Theater 9 March 1944 – 11 May 1945 [2]
Normandy 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 [2]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 [2]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 [2]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 [2]
Central Europe 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 [2]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Watkins pp. 104–105
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 755
  3. ^ a b c d Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 341–342
  4. ^ a b Freeman, p. 259
  5. ^ Mueller, p. 99
  6. ^ Station number in Anderson.
  7. ^ Station information in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 755, except as noted.

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

  • Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  • Freeman, Roger A. (1970). The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force). London, England, UK: Macdonald and Company. ISBN 978-0-87938-638-2.
  • Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  • Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
  • Watkins, Robert (2008). Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force In World War II. Vol. I (VIII) Bomber Command. Atglen, PA: Shiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-1987-7.
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