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Woodstock, Oxfordshire

Coordinates: 51°50′52″N 1°21′15″W / 51.84778°N 1.35417°W / 51.84778; -1.35417
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Woodstock
Woodstock town centre
Woodstock is located in Oxfordshire
Woodstock
Woodstock
Location within Oxfordshire
Population3,100 (2011 Census)
OS grid referenceSP4416
• London62 miles (100 km)
Civil parish
  • Woodstock
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWoodstock
Postcode districtOX20
Dialling code01993
PoliceThames Valley
FireOxfordshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
WebsiteWoodstock Town Council
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire
51°50′52″N 1°21′15″W / 51.84778°N 1.35417°W / 51.84778; -1.35417
Arms of Woodstock Town Council
CrestOut of a Ducal Coronet Or an Oak Tree proper leaved Vert.
ShieldGules the Stump of a Tree couped and eradicated Argent and in chief three Stags' Heads caboshed of the same all within a Bordure of the last charged with eight Oak Leaves Vert.
SupportersOn either side a Savage proper wreathed about the head and loins with Oak Leaves Vert holding over his exterior shoulder a Club proper.
MottoRamosa Cornua Cervi [1]

Woodstock is a market town and civil parish, 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Oxford in West Oxfordshire in the county of Oxfordshire, England. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 3,100.[2]

Blenheim Palace, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is next to Woodstock, in the parish of Blenheim. Winston Churchill was born in the palace in 1874 and buried in the nearby village of Bladon. Edward, elder son of King Edward III and heir apparent, was born in Woodstock Manor on 15 June 1330. In his lifetime he was commonly called Edward of Woodstock, but is known today as the Black Prince. In the reign of Queen Mary I, her half-sister Elizabeth was imprisoned in the gatehouse of Woodstock Manor.

History

The name Woodstock is Old English in origin, meaning a "dwelling in the woods". The Domesday Book of 1086 describes Woodstock (Wodestock, Wodestok, Wodestole) as a royal forest.[3] Æthelred the Unready, king of England, is said to have held an assembly at Woodstock at which he issued a legal code now known as IX Æthelred.[4] King Henry I may have kept a menagerie in the park. Woodstock was the scene of King Henry II's courtship of Rosamund Clifford (Fair Rosamund). The market of the town was established when King Henry II gave Woodstock a Royal charter in 1179.[5] The Bear Hotel in Park Street opposite The Oxfordshire Museum dates from the 13th century.

In the Hundred Rolls of 1279 Woodstock is described as a vill, but a burgess is alluded to in the same document, and it returned two members to parliament as a borough in 1302 and 1305. The earliest known municipal charter was that from Henry VI in 1453, establishing the vill of New Woodstock a free borough, with a merchant guild, and incorporating the burgesses under the title of the "Mayor and Commonalty of the Vill of New Woodstock." The borough was exempted from sending representatives to parliament, but started to return two members in the 16th century.[3]

Near the village was Woodstock Palace, a residence that was popular with several English kings throughout the medieval period. The building was destroyed in the English Civil War. 60 years later the palace remains were cleared for the building of Blenheim Palace. From the 16th century the town prospered by making gloves. In the 17th century the town was altered greatly, when the 1st Duke of Marlborough became a permanent resident. The town has a successful fine steelwork industry by 1720 and by 1742 its products were of high enough quality to be considered viable diplomatic gifts.[6] By the end of the 18th century this had developed into cut steel jewellery.[6] Today it is largely dependent on tourists, many of whom visit Blenheim Palace.

Bell-foundry

By 1626 James Keene, who had a bell-foundry in Bedford, had started one in Woodstock.[7] Until 1640 another member of the family, Humphrey Keene, was a bell-founder with him.[7] James died in 1654 and was succeeded by his son Richard.[8] Richard Keene apparently closed the Woodstock foundry in the 1680s[8] but continued casting bells at Royston, Hertfordshire, until 1703.[7]

Numerous parish churches still have one or more bells cast by the Keenes, including at Asthall, Bloxham, Cassington, Charlton-on-Otmoor, Chastleton, Chesterton, Duns Tew, Eynsham, Garsington, Islip, Kiddington, Merton, Milton, North Moreton, Oddington, Rousham, Sandford St Martin, Stanton Harcourt, Steeple Aston, Steeple Barton, Stratton Audley, Tackley, Towersey and Woodeaton in Oxfordshire, Stowe and Water Stratford in Buckinghamshire, Stanton in Gloucestershire, Middleton Cheney in Northamptonshire and Martley in Worcestershire.

Blenheim Palace

Main article: Blenheim Palace

The Palace was designed by John Vanbrugh, in a heavy Italo-Corinthian style. It was designated to John Churchill, the first Duke of Marlborough. Most of the palace was paid for by the nation. Churchill had been given the manor in perpetuity in honour of his victories over the French and the Bavarians at the Battle of Blenheim in 1704, during the War of the Spanish Succession. The original manor, mostly ruined, was demolished as part of the project.[3]

The greater part of the art treasures and curios were sold off in 1886, as was the great library collected by Charles Spencer, Earl of Sunderland, the son-in-law of the first Duke of Marlborough, in 1881. The magnificent park contains Fair Rosamund's Well, near which stood her bower. On the summit of a hill stands a column commemorating the duke. Blenheim Park forms a separate parish.[3]

South front of Blenheim Palace

Elizabeth I

Woodstock Town Hall

When Thomas Wyatt led an uprising in 1554 to depose Queen Mary I and put Princess Elizabeth on the throne in her place, Elizabeth was imprisoned in a lodge in Woodstock as a precaution. The lodge was used because the now lost Woodstock Palace or manor house was too dilapidated to house her. A survey in 1551 reported that "the mansion... for many years past hath been decayed."[5] While imprisoned, Elizabeth wrote a poem. "Much suspected by [of] me, None proved can be."[9] She was released in April 1555 after nearly a year in captivity.

The town

Chaucers Lane, Woodstock

The River Glyme, in a steep valley, divides the town into New and Old Woodstock.[3] The town has two main suburbs: Hensington to the south and east of the town centre, and Old Woodstock to the north. Woodstock Town Hall was built in 1766 to designs by Sir William Chambers.[10] The almshouses were built in 1798 on behalf of Caroline, duchess of Marlborough. Chaucer's House was once home to Chancellor of England, Thomas Chaucer, thought to be the son of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer.[11]

The Church of England parish church of St Mary Magdalene has a Norman doorway.[12] The church has a turret clock that John Briant of Hertford made in 1792.[13] The parish is now part of the Benefice of Blenheim, which also includes Begbroke, Bladon, Shipton-on-Cherwell and Yarnton.[14] The Oxfordshire Museum, the county museum of Oxfordshire, occupies a large historic house, Fletcher's House, in the centre of Woodstock. The museum has a garden containing works of art and a Dinosaur Garden with a full-size replica of a Megalosaurus.[15] Both the primary school and The Marlborough School, the secondary school, are in Shipton Road. There is nursery provision through WUFA (Woodstock Under Fives Association).[16] Oxford School of Drama is at Sansom's Farm, in the north of Woodstock parish.[17] The current Mayor of the Town is Elizabeth Poskitt.[18]

Sport and leisure

Woodstock has a Non-League football club, Woodstock Town, who play at New Road, and were promoted to the Hellenic Football League Premier Division for the 2008–09 season. They are currently in Hellenic League Division 2 North.

Notable people

Mary Brook who wrote about prayer was born here in about 1726. Her writing was published in several languages and editions.[19]

Citations

  1. ^ "Woodstock Town Council (Oxfordshire)". Robert Young. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  2. ^ "Area: Woodstock (Parish): Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911.
  4. ^ See Prosophography of Anglo-Saxon England Archived 27 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine. In the 17th century Robert Plot wrote that King Alfred stayed at Woodstock about the year 890 when he translated Boethius' Consolations of Philosophy. Plot, R (1677). "X, § 118". The Natural History of Oxfordshire. Oxford. p. 349.. The source cited by him was a "Cotton Otho A" manuscript, but no such manuscript has produced evidence of this. It may have been Cotton Otho A.x, destroyed in the Ashburnham House fire of October 1731, though the catalogues by Humfrey Wanley and Franciscus Junius make no mention of this. Griffiths, Bill (1991). Alfred's Metres of Boethius. Little Downham: Anglo-Saxon Books. p. 13. ISBN 0951620959.
  5. ^ a b Pipe, Simon (October 2007). "Woodstock's lost royal palace". BBC.
  6. ^ a b Clifford, Anne (1971). Cut-Steel and Berlin Iron Jewellery. Adams & Dart. pp. 13–14. ISBN 9780239000699.
  7. ^ a b c Dovemaster (25 June 2010). "Bell Founders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
  8. ^ a b Crossley et al. 1990, pp. 360–372
  9. ^ Elizabeth I (4 December 2006). "Written on a Wall at Woodstock". Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature. Anniina Jokinen., citing Hentzner, Paul (1757) [1598]. Walpole, Horace (ed.). A Journey into England. and Dodsley, J, ed. (1771). Fugitive Pieces on Various Subjects. Vol. II. p. 258.
  10. ^ Historic England. "Town Hall (1203847)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Chaucer's House (1262222)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  12. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 856.
  13. ^ Beeson 1989, pp. 24, 73.
  14. ^ Archbishops' Council (2015). "Benefice of Blenheim". A Church Near You. Church of England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  15. ^ "Dinosaur footprints go on display". BBC News. 10 May 2009.
  16. ^ "playgroup woodstock playgroup witney playgroup charlbury wufa woodstock under fives association".
  17. ^ "Oxford School of Drama".
  18. ^ "Council Members – Woodstock Town Council".
  19. ^ Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/72238. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/72238. Retrieved 25 March 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

General and cited sources

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Woodstock, Oxfordshire.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woodstock, Oxfordshire.
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