Echinocereus

Echinocereus
	Echinocereus triglochidiatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Caryophyllales
Family:	Cactaceae
Subfamily:	Cactoideae
Tribe:	Echinocereeae
Genus:	Echinocereus; Engelm.
Type species
	Echinocereus viridiflorus;
Species
	See text
Synonyms
	Wilcoxia Britton & Rose

Echinocereus is a genus of ribbed, usually small to medium-sized, cylindrical shaped cacti, comprising about 70 species native to the southern United States and Mexico in very sunny, rocky places. Usually the flowers are large and the fruit edible.

The name comes from the Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (echinos), meaning "hedgehog", and the Latin cereus meaning "candle". They are sometimes known as hedgehog cacti,^[2] a term also used for the Pediocactus and Echinopsis.^[3]

Description

The species of the genus Echinocereus grow solitary or branching with prostrate to erect shoots that are spherical to cylindrical. The roots are fibrous or bulbous. The plants reach heights of growth between 1 and 60 centimeters. On the tips of the 4 to 26 ribs, which are mostly clear and only rarely resolved into humps, are the areoles, from which differently shaped spines can arise.

The small to large, funnel-shaped flowers arise at the top of an areole or break through the epidermis. They are usually brightly colored and open during the day. Their pericarp and floral tube are studded with thorns, bristles, and sometimes wool. The scar is usually green, but sometimes white in color.

The spherical to ovoid fruits are green to red and mostly thorny. They are mostly juicy and open along a longitudinal slit. The sometimes fragrant fruits contain broadly oval, black, tuberous seeds 0.8 to 2 millimeters long.

Cultivation

Echinocereus spp. are easier to cultivate than many other cacti.^{[citation needed]} They need light soil, a sunny exposure, and a fresh and dry winter to flower. They grow better in soil slightly richer than other cacti. In the wild, several of the species are cold hardy, tolerating temperatures as low as −23 °C, but only in dry conditions.

Species

The following species are recognized in the genus Echinocereus by Plants of the World Online:^[4]

Scientific name	Subspecies	Distribution
Echinocereus acanthosetus (S.Arias & U.Guzmán) Gómez-Quintero & Dan.Sánchez		Mexico
Echinocereus acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Jacobi		Mexico
Echinocereus adustus Engelm.	Echinocereus adustus subsp. adustus Echinocereus adustus subsp. roemerianus W.Rischer Echinocereus adustus subsp. schwarzii (A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor	Mexico (Chihuahua)
Echinocereus apachensis W.Blum & Rutow		Arizona.
Echinocereus arizonicus Rose ex Orcutt	Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. arizonicus Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. nigrihorridispinus W.Blum & Rutow	Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico
Echinocereus bakeri W.Blum, Oldach & J.Oldach		Arizona, Nevada, Utah
Echinocereus barthelowanus Britton & Rose		Mexico (Island Magdalena)
Echinocereus berlandieri (Engelm.) Haage		Mexico, Texas
Echinocereus bonkerae Thornber & Bonker	Echinocereus bonkerae subsp. apachensis Echinocereus bonkerae subsp. bonkerae	Arizona
Echinocereus brandegeei (J.M.Coult.) K.Schum.		Mexico (Baja California)
Echinocereus bristolii W.T.Marshall		Mexico (Sonora)
Echinocereus canus D.Felix & H.Bauer		Texas
Echinocereus chisosensis W.T.Marshall	Echinocereus chisosensis subsp. chisosensis Echinocereus chisosensis subsp. fobeanus (Oehme) N.P.Taylor	Texas to Mexico
Echinocereus cinerascens (DC.) Lem.	Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. cinerascens Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. septentrionalis (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. tulensis (Bravo) N.P.Taylor	Texas to Mexico
Echinocereus coccineus Engelm.	Echinocereus coccineus subsp. coccineus Echinocereus coccineus subsp. paucispinus (Engelm.) W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Rutow Echinocereus coccineus subsp. rosei (Wooton & Standl.) W.Blum & Rutow	New Mexico and Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua)
Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm.	Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. ctenoides (Engelm.) Lodé Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. dasyacanthus Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. multispinosus D.Felix & H.Bauer Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. rectispinus (Trocha & Fethke) W.Blum, W.Rischer & Rutow	Mexico (Coahuila)
Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem.	Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. engelmannii Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. fasciculatus (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. llanuraensis (Rutow) Felger	United States (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Utah), Mexico
Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm.		Mexico (Jalisco)
Echinocereus fasciculatus (Engelm. ex B.D.Jacks.) L.D.Benson		Colorado to NE. Mexico.
Echinocereus felixianus H.Bauer		New Mexico, Texas, Mexico (N. Sonora to N. Chihuahua)
Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Sencke ex J.N.Haage	Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleri Echinocereus fendleri subsp. rectispinus (Peebles) N.P.Taylor	Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah; Mexico (Baja California, NW. Sonora).
Echinocereus ferreiranus H.E.Gates	Echinocereus ferreiranus subsp. ferreiranus ≡ Echinocereus ferreirianus subsp. ferreirianus Echinocereus ferreiranus subsp. lindsayorum (J.Meyrán) N.P.Taylor ≡ Echinocereus ferreirianus subsp. lindsayorum (J.Meyrán) N.P.Taylor	Mexico (C. Baja California)
Echinocereus freudenbergeri G.Frank		Mexico (S. Coahuila)
Echinocereus grandis Britton & Rose		Mexico (Islands de las Animas)
Echinocereus gurneyi (L.D.Benson) W.Blum, Oldach & J.Oldach		Texas.
Echinocereus knippelianus Liebner		Mexico (SE. Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí).
Echinocereus kroenleinii (Mich.Lange) W.Blum & Waldeis		Mexico (Coahuila)
Echinocereus ×kunzei Gürke ( E. coccineus × E. dasyacanthus.)		New Mexico
Echinocereus laui G.Frank		Mexico (E. Sonora, Chihuahua)
Echinocereus ledingii Peebles		Arizona.
Echinocereus leucanthus N.P.Taylor		Mexico (NW. Sonora, NW. Sinaloa)
Echinocereus longisetus (Engelm.) Lem.	Echinocereus longisetus subsp. delaetii (Gürke) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus longisetus subsp. freudenbergeri (G.Frank) W.Blum Echinocereus longisetus subsp. longisetus	Mexico (Coahuila).
Echinocereus mapimiensis E.F.Anderson, W.C.Hodgs. & P.Quirk		Mexico (Coahuila, Durango)
Echinocereus maritimus (M.E.Jones) K.Schum.		Mexico (Baja California).
Echinocereus ×neomexicanus Standl. (E. chloranthus × E. coccineus subsp. rosei. )		Mexico (Chihuahua)
Echinocereus nicholii (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt		Arizona to Mexico (Sonora)
Echinocereus nivosus Glass & R.A.Foster		Mexico (SE. Coahuila, Nuevo León)
Echinocereus occidentalis (N.P.Taylor) W.Rischer, S.Breckw. & Breckw.	Echinocereus occidentalis subsp. breckwoldtiorum De-Nova, Cast.-Lara & W.Blum Echinocereus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis	Mexico
Echinocereus ortegae Rose	Echinocereus ortegae subsp. koehresianus (G.Frank) W.Rischer & G.Frank Echinocereus ortegae subsp. ortegae	Mexico
Echinocereus pacificus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose	Echinocereus pacificus subsp. mombergerianus (G.Frank) W.Blum, W.Rischer & Rutow Echinocereus pacificus subsp. pacificus	Mexico (Baja California)
Echinocereus palmeri Britton & Rose	Echinocereus palmeri subsp. mazapil H.M.Hern. & Gómez-Hin. Echinocereus palmeri subsp. palmeri	Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango)
Echinocereus pamanesii A.B.Lau	Echinocereus pamanesii subsp. bonatzii (R.C.Römer) R.C.Römer Echinocereus pamanesii subsp. pamanesii	Mexico (Zacatecas)
Echinocereus papillosus Linke ex Rümpler		Texas to NE. Mexico
Echinocereus parkeri N.P.Taylor	Echinocereus parkeri subsp. arteagensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange Echinocereus parkeri subsp. gonzalezii (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus parkeri subsp. mazapilensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange Echinocereus parkeri subsp. parkeri	Mexico.
Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm.	Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. pectinatus Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. rutowiorum W.Blum Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. wenigeri (L.D.Benson) W.Blum & Rutow	Mexico.
Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) J.N.Haage	Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. leonensis (Mathsson) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. pentalophus Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. procumbens (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange	Texas, Mexico (to Jalisco)
Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm.		Mexico (Chihuahua to Jalisco).
Echinocereus poselgeri Lem.		Texas to NE. Mexico.
Echinocereus primolanatus Fritz Schwarz ex N.P.Taylor		Mexico (to Jalisco).
Echinocereus pseudopectinatus (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor		Arizona to Mexico (NE. Sonora)
Echinocereus pulchellus (Mart.) K.Schum.		Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla)
Echinocereus rayonesensis N.P.Taylor		Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas).
Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walp.) J.N.Haage	Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. armatus (Poselger) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. baileyi (Rose) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. burrensis G.Frank, Metorn & E.Scherer Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. fitchii (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. perbellus (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. reichenbachii	Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas; Mexico
Echinocereus relictus Wellard		Utah
Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Rose	Echinocereus rigidissimus subsp. rigidissimus Echinocereus rigidissimus subsp. rubispinus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor	New Mexico, Arizona and N. Mexico
Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelm.) Engelm. (E. coccineus × E. dasyacanthus)	Echinocereus ×roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeb. Echinocereus ×roetteri var. neomexicanus (J.M.Coult.) A.D.Zimmerman	New Mexico to SW. Texas and Mexico (Chihuahua)
Echinocereus russanthus D.Weniger		Texas to Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
Echinocereus salm-dyckianus Scheer		Mexico (E. Sonora to W. Chihuahua)
Echinocereus santaritensis W.Blum & Rutow	Echinocereus santaritensis subsp. bacanorensis (W.Rischer & Trocha) W.Rischer & D.Felix Echinocereus santaritensis subsp. santaritensis	Arizona to New Mexico and Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua)
Echinocereus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Scheer	Echinocereus scheeri subsp. gentryi (Clover) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus scheeri subsp. scheeri	Mexico (E. Sonora to W. Durango)
Echinocereus schereri G.Frank		Mexico (Durango).
Echinocereus schmollii (Weing.) N.P.Taylor		Mexico (SE. Querétaro to Hidalgo)
Echinocereus sciurus (K.Brandegee) Dams	Echinocereus sciurus subsp. floresii (Schwarz ex Backeb.) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus sciurus subsp. sciurus	Mexico (S. Baja California Sur)
Echinocereus scopulorum Britton & Rose		Mexico (to Nayarit)
Echinocereus sharpii (N.P.Taylor) Dan.Sánchez & Gómez-Quintero		Mexico (Nuevo León)
Echinocereus spinigemmatus A.B.Lau		Mexico (NW. Jalisco, W. Zacatecas)
Echinocereus stolonifer W.T.Marshall	Echinocereus stolonifer subsp. stolonifer Echinocereus stolonifer subsp. tayopensis (W.T.Marshall) N.P.Taylor	Mexico (SE. Sonora, Sinaloa)
Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) F.Seitz		New Mexico to W. Texas and NE. Mexico
Echinocereus subinermis Salm-Dyck ex Scheer	Echinocereus subinermis subsp. ochoterenae (J.G.Ortega) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus subinermis subsp. subinermis	Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, SW. Chihuahua, Durango)
Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm.	Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) W.Blum & Mich.Lange Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. triglochidiatus	Colorado to New Mexico and NW. Mexico.
Echinocereus viereckii Werderm.	Echinocereus viereckii subsp. morricalii (Říha) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus viereckii subsp. santamariensis W.Blum & D.Felix Echinocereus viereckii subsp. viereckii	Mexico (SW. Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila).
Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm.	Echinocereus viridiflorus var. canus A.M.Powell & Weedin Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. chloranthus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. correllii (L.D.Benson) W.Blum & Mich.Lange Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. cylindricus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. davisii (Houghton) N.P.Taylor Echinocereus viridiflorus var. neocapillus (Weniger) A.D.Zimmerman Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. viridiflorus	SW. South Dakota to N. Texas and Mexico (Coahuila)
Echinocereus waldeisii Haugg		Mexico (San Luis Potosí)
Echinocereus websterianus G.E.Linds.		Mexico (Sonora: Island San Pedro Nolasco)
Echinocereus weinbergii Weing.	Echinocereus weinbergii subsp. venustus (W.Blum & W.Rischer) Gómez-Quintero & Dan.Sánchez Echinocereus weinbergii subsp. weinbergii	Mexico (Jalisco)
Echinocereus yavapaiensis M.A.Baker		Arizona

Formerly placed here

Echinopsis candicans (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) F.A.C.Weber ex D.R.Hunt (as E. candicans (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Rümpler)^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "Genus: Echinocereus Engelm". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-02-13. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
^ "Echinocereus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
^ "Echinopsis (Hedgehog Cacti)". Cactus and Succulent Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2008-07-29.
^ "Echinocereus Engelm. - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
^ "GRIN Species Records of Echinocereus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-10.

External links

Data related to Echinocereus at Wikispecies
Media related to Echinocereus at Wikimedia Commons
Echinocereus on CactiGuide.com
Echinocereus Online (in German)
USDA PLANTS Profile
"Black Lace Cactus (Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii)". Endangered and Threatened Species. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.

[GRIN-1] "Genus: Echinocereus Engelm". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-02-13. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-04-10.

[ITIS-2] "Echinocereus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-04-10.

[3] "Echinopsis (Hedgehog Cacti)". Cactus and Succulent Society of Australia. Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2008-07-29.

[Plants_of_the_World_Online_2021-4] "Echinocereus Engelm. - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2022-11-27.

[GRINSpecies-5] "GRIN Species Records of Echinocereus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-10.

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