Muramyl dipeptide
Appearance
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
(4R)-4-[ [(2S)-2-[ [(2R)-2-[(2R,5S)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid
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Other names
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.053.343 |
MeSH | Muramyl+dipeptide |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C19H32N4O11 | |
Molar mass | 492.47758 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Muramyl dipeptide is constituent of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria composed of N-acetylmuramic acid linked by its lactic acid moiety to the N-terminus of an L-alanine D-isoglutamine dipeptide.[1]
It can be recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern and activate the NALP3 inflammasome which in turn leads to cytokine activation, especially IL-1α and IL-1β.[2] This
See also
- Dipeptide
- Mifamurtide, a synthetic analogue for the treatment of osteosarcoma
References
- ^ Inohara, N.; Ogura, Y.; Fontalba, A.; Gutierrez, O.; Pons, F.; Crespo, J.; Fukase, K.; Inamura, S.; Kusumoto, S.; Hashimoto, M.; Foster, S. J.; Moran, A. P.; Fernandez-Luna, J. L.; Nuñez, G. (2003). "Host Recognition of Bacterial Muramyl Dipeptide Mediated through NOD2. Implications for Crohn's Disease". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (8): 5509–5512. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200673200. PMID 12514169.
- ^ Curr Biol. 2004 Nov 9;14(21):1929-34., Martinon F, Agostini L, Meylan E, Tschopp J. Identification of bacterial muramyl dipeptide as activator of the NALP3/cryopyrin inflammasome..