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Timeline of Canadian elections

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The timeline of elections in Canada covers all the provincial, territorial and federal elections from when each province was joined Confederation through to the present day. The table below indicates which party won the election. Several provinces held elections before joining Canada, but only their post-Confederation elections are shown. These include:

The most recent election is shown with a box limited to five years of government, as this is the maximum length of office, as set by the constitution. However, elections can be called at any time by an incumbent government. The federal government, nine provinces, and one territory have changed to fixed election dates every four years. For these legislatures, the box is shown as running until the next scheduled election, but one could still be earlier if the government falls due to a motion of no confidence. Nova Scotia and Yukon do not have fixed election dates in this matter.

Legend

Abbreviation Party
Pre Pre-Confederation
BCL British Columbia Liberal
LIB Liberal Party
NDP NDP
CCF CCF
ASC Alberta Social Credit
UF United Farmers
SK Saskatchewan Party
BSC British Columbia Social Credit
PQ Parti Québécois
CON Progressive Conservatives or historical Conservatives
YU Yukon Party
CPC Conservative Party
UN Union Nationale
APC Alberta Progressive Conservative
CAQ Coalition Avenir Québec
Co. Coalition
N/A Nonpartisan, and consensus government

1867–1897

Year BC MB ON QC NB NS PEI NT   Federal
1867 1st
Co.[1]
[a] 		1st
PC[2] 		1st
[b] 		1st
LIB[3] 		1st
PC[4]
1868
1869
1870 1st
N/A[5] 		2nd
N/A 		(Temp.
Council)
1871 1st
N/A[6] 		2nd
LIB[1] 		2nd
PC[2] 		2nd
LIB[3]
1872 2nd
PC[7]
1873 26th
PC[8]
1874 2nd
N/A[5] 		3rd
N/A 		3rd
LIB[3] 		3rd
LIB[9]
1875 2nd
N/A[6] 		3rd
LIB[1] 		3rd
PC[2]
1876 27th
PC[10] 		(First
Council)
1877
1878 3rd[6] 3rd[5] 4th
LIB
[c] 		4th
N/A 		4th
PC[3] 		4th
PC[11]
1879 4th
PC[5] 		4th
LIB[1] 		28th
PC[12]
1880
1881 5th
PC[2]
1882 4th
N/A[6] 		5th
N/A 		5th
LIB[3] 		29th
PC[13] 		5th
PC[14]
1883 5th
PC[5] 		5th
LIB[1]
1884
1885
1886 5th
N/A[6] 		6th
PC[5] 		6th
LIB[1] 		6th
LIB[2] 		6th
N/A 		6th
LIB[3] 		30th
PC[15]
1887 6th
PC[16]
1888 7th
LIB[5] 		1st
N/A
1889
1890 6th
N/A[6] 		7th
LIB[1] 		7th
LIB[2] 		7th
N/A 		7th
LIB[3] 		31st
Co.[d][17]
1891 2nd
N/A 		7th
PC[18]
1892 8th
LIB[5] 		8th
PC[2] 		8th
N/A
1893 32nd
LIB[19]
1894 7th
N/A[6] 		8th
LIB[1] 		8th
LIB[3] 		3rd
N/A
1895 9th
N/A
1896 9th
LIB[5] 		8th
LIB[20]
1897 9th
LIB[2] 		9th
LIB[3] 		33rd
LIB[21]
Year BC MB ON QC NB NS PEI NT   Federal

1898–1948

Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI YU NT   Federal
N/A LIB LIB LIB N/A LIB LIB N/A LIB
1898 8th
N/A[6] 		9th
LIB[1] 		N/A
[e] 		4th
N/A
1899 10th
CON[5] 		10th
N/A
1900 9th
N/A[6] 		10th
LIB[2] 		34th
LIB[22] 		1st
N/A 		9th
LIB
1901 10th
LIB[3]
1902 10th
LIB[1] 		5th
CON
1903 10th
CON[6] 		11th
CON[5] 		11th
N/A 		2nd
1904 11th
LIB[2] 		35th
LIB[22] 		10th
LIB
1905 1st
ABL[23] 		1st
LIB[24] 		11th
CON[1] 		3rd
N/A 		(Second
Council)
1906 11th
LIB[3]
1907 11th
CON[6] 		12th
CON[5] 		4th
N/A
1908 2nd
LIB[25] 		12th
CON[1] 		12th
LIB[2] 		12th
N/A 		36th
LIB[22] 		11th
LIB
1909 12th
CON[6] 		2nd
ABL[23] 		5th
N/A
1910 13th
CON[5]
1911 13th
CON[1] 		12th
LIB[3] 		12th
CON
1912 13th
CON[6] 		3rd
LIB[26] 		13th
LIB[2] 		13th
N/A 		37th
CON[22] 		6th
N/A
1913 3rd
ABL[23]
1914 14th
CON[5] 		14th
CON[1]
1915 15th
LIB[5] 		38th
CON[22] 		7th
N/A
1916 14th
BCL[6] 		14th
LIB[2] 		13th
LIB[3]
1917 4th
ABL[23] 		4th
LIB[27] 		14th
N/A 		8th
N/A 		13th
Co.
1918
1919 15th
UF[1] 		15th
LIB[2] 		39th
LIB[22]
1920 15th
BCL[6] 		16th
LIB[5] 		15th
N/A 		14th
LIB[3] 		9th
N/A
1921 5th
UF[23] 		5th
LIB[28] 		14th
LIB
1922 17th
UF[5] 		10th
N/A
1923 16th
CON[1] 		16th
LIB[2] 		40th
CON[22]
1924 16th
BCL[6]
1925 6th
LIB[29] 		16th
N/A 		15th
CON[3] 		11th
N/A 		15th[f]
1926 6th
UF[23] 		17th
CON[1] 		16th
LIB
1927 18th
UF[5] 		17th
LIB[2] 		41st
LIB[22]
1928 17th
CON[6] 		16th
CON[3] 		12th
N/A
1929 7th
Co.[g][30] 		18th
CON[1]
1930 7th
UF[23] 		17th
N/A 		17th
CON
1931 18th
LIB[2] 		42nd
CON[22] 		13th
N/A
1932 19th
LIB[5]
1933 18th
BCL[6] 		17th
LIB[3]
1934 8th
LIB[31] 		19th
LIB[1] 		14th
N/A
1935 8th
SC[23] 		19th
LIB[2] 		18th
LIB 		43rd
LIB[22] 		18th
LIB
1936 20th
LIB[5] 		20th
UN[2]
1937 19th
BCL[6] 		20th
LIB[1] 		18th
LIB[3] 		15th
N/A
1938 9th
LIB[32]
1939 21st
LIB[2] 		19th
LIB 		44th
LIB[22]
1940 9th
SC[23] 		16th
N/A 		19th
LIB
1941 20th
Co.[h][6] 		21st
LIB[5] 		19th
LIB[3]
1942
1943 21st
CON[1] 		45th
LIB[22]
1944 10th
SC[23] 		10th
CCF[33] 		22nd
UN[2] 		20th
LIB 		17th
N/A
1945 21st
Co.[h][6] 		22nd
LIB[5] 		22nd
CON[1] 		20th
LIB[3] 		20th
LIB
1946
1947 46th
LIB[22] 		18th
N/A
1948 11th
SC[23] 		11th
CCF[34] 		23rd
CON[1] 		23rd
UN[2] 		21st
LIB
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI YU NT   Federal

1949–1998

Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) joined Canada as a new province in 1949.[35]

Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI NF YU NT   Federal
Co. ASC CCF LIB PC UN LIB LIB LIB N/A N/A LIB
1949 22nd
Co.[h][6] 		23rd
LIB[5] 		21st
LIB[3] 		30th
LIB 		19th
N/A 		21st
LIB
1950
1951 24th
CON[1] 		47th
LIB[22] 		31st
LIB 		6th
N/A
1952 23rd
BSC[6] 		12th
ASC[23] 		12th
CCF[36] 		24th
UN[2] 		22nd
CON 		20th
N/A
1953 24th
BSC[6] 		24th
LIB[5] 		22nd
LIB[3] 		22nd
LIB
1954 7th
N/A
1955 13th
ASC[23] 		25th
CON[1] 		48th
LIB[22] 		21st
N/A
1956 25th
BSC[6] 		13th
CCF[37] 		25th
UN[2] 		23rd
CON 		23rd
CON[3] 		32nd
LIB
1957 8th
N/A 		23rd
CON
1958 25th
CON[5] 		22nd
N/A 		24th
CON
1959 14th
ASC[23] 		26th
CON[5] 		26th
CON[1] 		49th
CON[22] 		33rd
LIB
1960 26th
BSC[6] 		14th
CCF[38] 		26th
LIB[2] 		24th
LIB 		24th
CON[3] 		9th
N/A
1961 23rd
N/A
1962 27th
CON[5] 		27th
LIB[2] 		50th
CON[22] 		34th
LIB 		25th
CON
1963 27th
BSC[6] 		15th
ASC[23] 		27th
CON[1] 		25th
LIB 		25th
CON[3] 		26th
LIB
1964 15th
LIB[39] 		24th
N/A 		10th
1965 27th
LIB
1966 28th
BSC[6] 		28th
CON[5] 		28th
UN[2] 		51st
LIB[22] 		35th
LIB
1967 16th
ASC[23] 		16th
LIB[40] 		28th
CON[1] 		26th
LIB 		26th
CON[3] 		25th
N/A 		11th
N/A
1968 28th
LIB
1969 29th
BSC[6] 		29th
NDP[5]
1970 29th
LIB[2] 		27th
CON 		27th
LIB[3] 		52nd
LIB[22] 		26th
N/A 		12th
N/A
1971 17th
APC[23] 		17th
NDP[41] 		29th
CON[1] 		36th
CON
1972 30th
NDP[6] 		37th
CON 		29th
LIB
1973 30th
NDP[5] 		30th
LIB[42]
1974 28th
CON 		28th
LIB[3] 		53rd
LIB[22] 		27th
N/A 		30th
LIB
1975 31st
BSC[6] 		18th
APC[23] 		18th
NDP[43] 		30th
CON[1] 		38th
CON 		13th
N/A
1976 31st
PQ[42]
1977 31st
CON[5] 		31st
CON[1]
1978 19th
NDP[44] 		29th
CON 		29th
CON[3] 		54th
LIB[22] 		28th
CON
1979 32nd
BSC[6] 		19th
APC[23] 		55th
CON[22] 		39th
CON 		14th
N/A 		31st
CON
1980 32nd
LIB
1981 32nd
NDP[5] 		32nd
CON[1] 		32nd
PQ[42] 		30th
CON[3]
1982 20th
APC[23] 		20th
CON[45] 		30th
CON 		56th
CON[22] 		40th
CON 		29th
CON
1983 33rd
BSC[6] 		15th
N/A
1984 31st
CON[3] 		33rd
CON
1985 33rd
LIB[1] 		33rd
LIB[42] 		41st
CON 		30th
NDP
1986 34th
BSC[6] 		21st
APC[23] 		21st
CON[46] 		33rd
NDP[5] 		57th
LIB[22]
1987 34th
LIB[1] 		31st
LIB 		16th
N/A
1988 34th
CON[5] 		32nd
CON[3] 		34th
CON
1989 22nd
APC[23] 		34th
LIB[42] 		58th
LIB[22] 		42nd 31st
NDP
1990 35th
CON[5] 		35th
NDP[1]
1991 35th
NDP[47] 		22nd
NDP[48] 		32nd
LIB 		17th
N/A
1992 32nd
YU
1993 23rd
APC[23] 		33rd
LIB[3] 		59th
LIB[22] 		43rd
LIB 		35th
LIB
1994 35th
PQ[42]
1995 23rd
NDP[49] 		36th[5] 36th[1] 33rd
LIB 		18th
N/A
1996 36th
NDP[47] 		60th
CON[22] 		44th 33rd
NDP
1997 24th
APC[23] 		36th
LIB
1998 36th
PQ[42] 		34th
LIB[3]
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI NF YU NT   Federal

1999–present

The territory of Nunavut was created on 1 April 1999, from land previously part of the Northwest Territories.[50]

Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI NL YU NT NU   Federal
NDP APC NDP CON CON PQ LIB LIB CON LIB NDP N/A LIB
1999 24th
Co.[i][51] 		37th
NDP[5] 		37th
CON[1] 		34th
CON 		35th
CON[3] 		45th
LIB 		19th
N/A 		1st
N/A
2000 61st
CON[22] 		34th
LIB 		37th
LIB
2001 37th
BCL[47] 		25th
APC[23]
2002 35th
YU
2003 25th
NDP[52] 		38th
NDP[5] 		38th
LIB[1] 		37th
LIB[42] 		35th
CON 		36th
CON[3] 		62nd
CON[22] 		46th
CON 		20th
N/A
2004 26th
APC[23] 		2nd
N/A 		38th
LIB
2005 38th
BCL[47]
2006 36th
LIB 		37th
CON[3] 		36th
YU 		39th
CPC
2007 26th
SK[53] 		39th
NDP[5] 		39th
LIB[1] 		38th
LIB[42] 		63rd
LIB[22] 		47th
CON 		21st
N/A
2008 27th
APC[23] 		39th
LIB[42] 		3rd
N/A 		40th
CPC
2009 39th
BCL[47] 		38th
NDP[3]
2010 37th
CON
2011 27th
SK[54] 		40th
NDP[5] 		40th
LIB[1] 		64th
LIB 		48th
CON 		37th
YU 		22nd
N/A 		41st
CPC
2012 28th
APC[23] 		40th
PQ[42]
2013 40th
BCL[47] 		39th
LIB[3] 		4th
N/A
2014 41st
LIB[1] 		41st
LIB[42] 		38th
LIB
2015 29th
NDP[23] 		65th
LIB 		49th
LIB 		23rd
N/A 		42nd
LIB
2016 28th
SK[55] 		41st
CON 		38th
LIB
2017 41st
NDP[47] 		40th
LIB[3] 		5th
N/A
2018 42nd
CON[1] 		42nd
CAQ[42] 		39th
CON
2019 30th
UCP[23] 		42nd
CON 		66th
CON 		50th
LIB 		24th
N/A 		43rd
LIB
2020 42nd
NDP[47] 		29th
SK[56] 		40th
CON
2021 41st
CON[3] 		51st
LIB 		39th
LIB 		6th
N/A 		44th
LIB
2022 43rd
CON[1] 		43nd
CAQ
2023 31st
UCP 		43rd
NDP 		67th
CON 		25th
N/A
2024 next next next
2025 next next next next next
2026 next next
2027 next next next next
Year BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI NL YU NT NU   Federal

Notes

  1. ^ Coalition between Conservative and Liberal parties (who won 41 out of 82 seats each).
  2. ^ The first New Brunswick general election was held pre-confederation and is not technically a Canadian election.
  3. ^ Power went back and forth a few times surrounding the 1878 election. For most of that legislature, the Liberals controlled a minority parliament with the support of some Conservative members.
  4. ^ Conservative and Liberal parties won 15 seats each (out of 30).
  5. ^ Although Yukon was created in 1898, the Territorial Council was wholly appointed from 1898 to 1900.
  6. ^ The Conservative party won the most seats, but the Liberal party maintained power with support from the Progressive party without forming an official coalition. Partway through the 15th Parliament the Conservative Party took control of government, but was not able to obtain the confidence of the House. See King–Byng Affair.
  7. ^ The Liberal party won the most seats, but lost a motion of no-confidence shortly after the election resulting in a coalition between the Conservative and Progressive parties.
  8. ^ a b c Coalition between Liberal and Conservative parties.
  9. ^ Coalition between NDP and Liberal Party.

Summary

The table below shows how many elections each party has won in each province and territory. The Northwest Territories and Nunavut use consensus government, which means there are no political parties. Of forty-two federal elections, twenty-three have been won by the Liberals, and eighteen by the Conservatives.

Party BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PEI NL YU NT NU Total
Liberal 9 4 10 11 17 25 12 25 23 13 3 0 0 152
(Progressive) Conservative 5 14 2 18 23 5 11 15 18 9 2 1 0 123
Non-partisan 9 0 0 3 0 0 16[a] 0 0 0 27 23 6 84
New Democratic 5 1 6 9 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 26
Social Credit 11 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20
Coalition 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7
United Farmers 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
Union Nationale - - - - - 6 - - - - - - - 6
Parti Québécois - - - - - 5 - - - - - - - 5
Co. Commonwealth Fed. - - 5 - - - - - - - - - - 5
Yukon Party - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - 4
Saskatchewan Party - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - 4
Coalition Avenir Québec - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - 2
Total 42 31 29 43 43 43 39 41 42 22 39 24 6 444
  1. ^ Although the 1st NB election is shown in the main table, it took place a year before NB joined Confederation. As such it was not a Canadian election, and is thus excluded from this table.

See also

References

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  47. ^ a b c d e f g h Government of British Columbia (2002). "1987-2001 Supplement" (PDF). Electoral History of British Columbia. Elections BC. Retrieved 2020-08-31.
  48. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Second Provincial General Election (October 21, 1991)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  49. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Third Provincial General Election (June 21, 1995)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  50. ^ "Creation of Nunavut". CBC News. 2006. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
  51. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Fourth Provincial General Election (September 16, 1999)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  52. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Fifth Provincial General Election (November 5, 2003)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  53. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Sixth Provincial General Election (November 7, 2007)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  54. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "Twenty-Seventh Provincial General Election (November 7, 2011)". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  55. ^ Elections Saskatchewan. "2016 General Election Results". Retrieved 2021-09-01.
  56. ^ Elections Saskatchewan (2021-06-30). "A Report on 29th Provincial General Election: Volume I. Statement of Votes" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-09-01.

New Brunswick

"New Brunswick Votes 2006". CBC.ca. Retrieved December 23, 2006. (results back to 1956)
Doyle, Arthur T. (1984). Elections in New Brunswick, 1784-1984. Fredericton: Brunswick Press. ISBN 0-88838-391-6.

Newfoundland and Labrador

"General Election Statistics (1949-1999)". Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original on September 26, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
Wayne Green. "Report on the 2003 General Election" (PDF). Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
Paul Reynolds. "October 9, 2007 Provincial General Election Report" (PDF). Elections Newfoundland and Labrador. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2008.

Yukon

Northwest Territories

Nunavut

Federal

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