1988 Catalan regional election
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All 135 seats in the Parliament of Catalonia 68 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Registered | 4,564,389 ![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 2,709,685 (59.4%)![]() | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Constituency results map for the Parliament of Catalonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1988 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 29 May 1988, to elect the 3rd Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.
Overview
Electoral system
The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Government.[1] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.
The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude.[2] Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Gerona, Lérida and Tarragona. Each constituency was allocated a fixed number of seats: 85 for Barcelona, 17 for Gerona, 15 for Lérida and 18 for Tarragona.[1][3]
The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[4][5]
Election date
The term of the Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The President of the Government was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 29 April 1984, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 29 April 1988. The election was required to be called no later than 14 April 1988, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 13 June 1988.[1]
After legal amendments in 1985, the President of the Government was granted the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[3][6]
Parties and leaders
Below is a list of the main parties and coalitions which contested the election:
Parties and coalitions | Ideology | Candidate | |
---|---|---|---|
width="1" bgcolor="Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color"| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | Centrism, Catalan autonomism | Jordi Pujol |
bgcolor="Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| | Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) | Social democracy | Raimon Obiols |
bgcolor="Template:People's Alliance (Spain)/meta/color"| | People's Alliance (AP) | Conservatism, Post-Francoism | Jorge Fernández Díaz |
bgcolor="Template:Initiative for Catalonia/meta/color"| | Initiative for Catalonia (IC) | Eco-socialism | Rafael Ribó |
bgcolor="Template:Republican Left of Catalonia/meta/color"| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | Left-wing nationalism, Catalan independentism | Joan Hortalà |
bgcolor="Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | Centrism, Liberalism | Antoni Fernández Teixidó |
Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.
- Color key:
Exit poll
Polling firm/Commissioner | Fieldwork date | Sample size | Turnout | ![]() |
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IC | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:People's Coalition (Spain)/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:Republican Left of Catalonia/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:People's Alliance (Spain)/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color;"| | style="background:Template:Initiative for Catalonia/meta/color;"| | |||||
1988 regional election | 29 May 1988 | — | 59.4 | 45.7 69 |
29.8 42 |
– | [c] | 4.1 6 |
5.3 6 |
3.8 3 |
7.8 9 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 15.9 |
PSC[p 1] | 29 May 1988 | ? | ? | ? 66/68 |
? 42/44 |
– | [c] | ? 5/6 |
? 5/6 |
? 2/3 |
? 9/11 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"|? |
Antena 3[p 2] | 29 May 1988 | ? | ? | ? 73 |
? 39 |
– | [c] | ? 5 |
? 6 |
? 2 |
? 10 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"|? |
Sigma Dos/COPE[p 2] | 29 May 1988 | 10,000 | ? | ? 73/75 |
? 35/37 |
– | [c] | ? 6/7 |
? 7/8 |
? 2/3 |
? 9/10 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"|? |
Metra Seis/Cadena SER[p 2] | 29 May 1988 | 20,000 | ? | ? 73/76 |
? 37/38 |
– | [c] | ? 7 |
? 5 |
? 0/1 |
? 9/11 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"|? |
Emopública/RTVE[p 2] | 29 May 1988 | 40,000 | ? | ? 72/75 |
? 38/39 |
– | [c] | ? 5/7 |
? 4/6 |
? 0/3 |
? 10/13 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"|? |
Opina/TV3[p 2] | 29 May 1988 | 96,600 | ? | 44.0 68/70 |
30.0 40 |
– | [c] | 5.0 6/7 |
5.0 5/6 |
4.0 3 |
9.0 10/11 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 14.0 |
Emopública/Diario 16[p 3][p 4][p 5] | 22 May 1988 | 1,000 | ? | 45.5 70/75 |
28.0 37/40 |
– | [c] | 3.5 2/3 |
7.0 8/10 |
3.5 2/3 |
9.0 8/11 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 17.5 |
Iope–Etmar/El Periódico[p 3][p 4][p 5] | 22 May 1988 | 2,800 | ? | 50.2 78 |
27.9 38 |
– | [c] | 3.4 3 |
5.3 6 |
4.2 3 |
6.3 7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 22.3 |
Avui[p 4] | 22 May 1988 | ? | ? | ? 76/80 |
? 37/38 |
– | [c] | ? 4/5 |
? 6/7 |
? 3 |
? 6/7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"|? |
Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 6] | 17–19 May 1988 | 1,659 | ? | 48.0 73/76 |
29.0 39/41 |
– | [c] | 4.0 4/5 |
6.0 7/8 |
3.0 0/2 |
6.0 7/8 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 19.0 |
Demoscopia/El País[p 3][p 7][p 8] | 13–17 May 1988 | 1,600 | 65 | 49.3 73/76 |
27.7 38/40 |
– | [c] | 3.1 0/3 |
6.1 7/9 |
3.6 2/3 |
5.4 6/7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 21.6 |
Efe[p 9] | 13 May 1988 | ? | ? | 47.7 | 31.0 | – | [c] | 4.1 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 6.1 | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 16.7 |
Demoscopia/El País[p 3][p 10][p 11] | 27–30 Apr 1988 | 1,600 | 65–67 | 47.4 72/75 |
28.2 37/40 |
– | [c] | 4.2 4/6 |
6.4 7/9 |
4.2 4/6 |
5.8 6/7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 19.2 |
Iope–Etmar/El Periódico[p 3][p 12] | 25–28 Apr 1988 | 1,100 | ? | 50.8 78 |
27.8 38 |
– | [c] | 3.7 3 |
5.6 7 |
5.4 6 |
3.8 3 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 23.0 |
Gabise/Diario de Barcelona[p 3][p 5] | 24 Apr 1988 | 2,500 | ? | 46.5 74 |
30.2 45 |
– | [c] | 4.3 2 |
5.2 6 |
2.8 1 |
6.6 7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 16.3 |
Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 13] | 6–12 Apr 1988 | 1,000 | ? | 47.0 69/72 |
29.0 40/43 |
– | [c] | 5.0 5 |
6.0 7/8 |
4.0 3/5 |
5.0 6/7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 18.0 |
CIS[p 12] | 5–11 Apr 1988 | 2,900 | ? | 48.0 72/73 |
32.2 44 |
– | [c] | 3.6 2/3 |
5.5 7 |
3.4 3 |
6.2 6 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 15.8 |
Gabise/Diario de Barcelona[p 3] | 20 Mar 1988 | 2,500 | ? | 53.3 82 |
29.4 42 |
– | [c] | 3.8 2 |
4.7 4 |
2.0 0 |
4.8 5 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 23.9 |
Metra Seis/El Independiente[p 3] | 12 Mar 1988 | 1,800 | ? | 44.0 68 |
30.0 41 |
– | [c] | 4.5 5 |
6.5 9 |
3.0 2 |
9.0 10 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 14.0 |
Iope–Etmar/El Periódico[p 3] | 28 Feb 1988 | 1,000 | ? | 46.2 71 |
29.8 40 |
– | [c] | 5.7 8 |
5.7 6 |
5.7 5 |
4.5 5 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 16.4 |
Gabise/Diario de Barcelona[p 3] | 21 Feb 1988 | 2,425 | ? | 45.9 69 |
36.6 52 |
– | [c] | 2.2 0 |
4.4 4 |
1.0 0 |
8.1 10 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 9.3 |
DYM/CIS[p 14] | 25–30 Jan 1988 | 2,900 | ? | 46.0 69 |
32.0 45 |
– | [c] | ? 4 |
4.0 6 |
? 4 |
7.0 7 |
style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 14.0 |
CIS[p 14] | 3–10 Dec 1987 | 2,891 | ? | 48.0 71 |
32.0 45 |
– | [c] | – | – | ? 2 |
– | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 16.0 |
1987 EP election | 10 Jun 1987 | — | 67.9 | 27.8 47 |
36.8 56 |
– | [c] | 3.7 4 |
11.2 16 |
5.6 7 |
5.4 5 |
style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color; color:white;"| 9.0 |
1987 local elections | 10 Jun 1987 | — | 68.5 | 33.0 | 38.0 | – | [c] | 2.5 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 10.6 | style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color; color:white;"| 5.0 |
1986 general election | 22 Jun 1986 | — | 68.9 | 32.0 51 |
41.0 59 |
11.4 18 |
[d] | 2.7 0 |
[e] | 4.1 4 |
3.9* 3 |
style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color; color:white;"| 9.0 |
Sofemasa/La Vanguardia[p 15] | 16 Nov–1 Dec 1985 | 980 | ? | 43.0 | 33.6 | 3.1 | 4.9 | – | [e] | 1.3 | – | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 9.4 |
1984 regional election | 29 Apr 1984 | — | 64.4 | 46.8 72 |
30.1 41 |
7.7 11 |
5.6 6 |
4.4 5 |
[e] | – | – | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 16.7 |
(*) Results for Union of the Catalan Left. |
Results
Overall
Distribution by constituency
Constituency | CiU | PSC | IC | AP | ERC | CDS | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Socialists' Party of Catalonia/meta/color"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Initiative for Catalonia/meta/color"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:People's Alliance (Spain)/meta/color"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Republican Left of Catalonia/meta/color"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Democratic and Social Centre (Spain)/meta/color"| | |||||||
% | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | |
Barcelona | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 43.6 | 39 | 31.4 | 28 | 8.8 | 8 | 5.2 | 4 | 3.7 | 3 | 3.8 | 3 |
Gerona | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 56.3 | 11 | 23.6 | 5 | 3.9 | − | 3.7 | − | 5.5 | 1 | 3.2 | − |
Lérida | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 53.8 | 9 | 23.1 | 4 | 3.6 | − | 6.2 | 1 | 5.9 | 1 | 4.3 | − |
Tarragona | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 47.6 | 10 | 27.0 | 5 | 5.5 | 1 | 7.1 | 1 | 5.3 | 1 | 4.0 | − |
Total | style="background:Template:Convergence and Union/meta/color; color:white;"| 45.7 | 69 | 29.8 | 42 | 7.8 | 9 | 5.3 | 6 | 4.1 | 6 | 3.8 | 3 |
Sources[9][10][11][12][8] |
Aftermath
Investiture Jordi Pujol (CDC) | ||
Ballot → | 22 June 1988 | |
---|---|---|
Required majority → | 68 out of 135 ![]() | |
Yes
|
69 / 135
| |
56 / 135
| ||
9 / 135
| ||
Absentees
|
1 / 135
| |
Sources[8] |
Notes
References
- Opinion poll sources
- ^ "Euforia de Obiols al mantener posiciones". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 May 1988.
- ^ a b c d e "TV3 atribuyó a CiU el resultado más bajo de todos los sondeos difundidos ayer tarde". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 May 1988.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Sondejos". Generalitat de Catalunya (in Catalan). Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ a b c "Los candidatos, entre el escepticismo y la confianza tras la publicación de las encuestas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 23 May 1988.
- ^ a b c "Los institutos de opinión achacan a la abstención, "que afectó sobre todo a CiU",sus fallos de cálcul". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 1988.
- ^ "Jordi Pujol ampliará su mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 20 May 1988.
- ^ "Jordi Pujol consolidará su mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento catalán". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1988.
- ^ "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 22 May 1988.
- ^ "Las encuestas coinciden en la mayoría de CiU y el ascenso del CDS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 14 May 1988.
- ^ "Convergència i Unió revalida la mayoría absoluta mientras se produce un descenso de los socialistas". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 1988.
- ^ "Ficha técnica". El País (in Spanish). 8 May 1988.
- ^ a b "El CIS también concede la mayoría absoluta CiU". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 4 May 1988.
- ^ "Jordi Pujol mantendrá la mayoría absoluta". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 26 April 1988.
- ^ a b "Descenso de Pujol y auge del CDS en Cataluña, según una encuesta del CIS". El País (in Spanish). 24 February 1988.
- ^ "Convergència i Unió consolida su primacía política en las elecciones catalanas". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 28 December 1985.
- Other
- ^ a b c Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979. Official State Gazette (Organic Law 4) (in Spanish). 18 December 1979. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
- ^ a b Parliament, President and Executive Council of the Generalitat Law of 1982. Official Journal of the Generalitat of Catalonia (Law 3) (in Spanish). 25 March 1982. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985. Official State Gazette (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
- ^ "Representation of the people Institutional Act". www.juntaelectoralcentral.es. Central Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
- ^ Parliament, President and Executive Council of the Generalitat Law Reform of 1985. Official Journal of the Generalitat of Catalonia (Law 8) (in Spanish). 24 May 1985. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ "Electoral results. Parliament of Catalonia election 1988". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Government of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ a b c "Parliament of Catalonia elections since 1980". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Barcelona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Girona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Lleida". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ "Election Results. Parliament of Catalonia Election 1988. Tarragona". gencat.cat (in Catalan). Generalitat of Catalonia. Retrieved 24 September 2017.