The Four Companions
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The Four Companions, also called the Four Pillars of the Sahaba is a Shiʿah term for the four Sahaba who stayed most loyal to Ali ibn Abi Talib after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad:[1][2]
Salman is generally considered to be the loftiest amongst these elite four. It is narrated from Muhammad that:[3]
Faith has ten grades, and Salman is on the tenth (i.e., highest) grade, Abu Dharr on the ninth, and Miqdad on the eighth grade.
Those among Muhammad's companions who were closest to both Muhammad and Ali were called Shiʿah of Ali (partisans of Ali) during Muhammad's lifetime,[4] and it was for these the following hadith narrated from Jabir al-Ansari takes root:[5]
يا علي أبشر فإنك و أصحابك و شيعتك في الجنَّة
Glad tidings, Ali! Verily you and your Shiʿah will be in Paradise.
These companions were later referred to as "The Real Shiʿah."[6] Abdullah ibn Abbas,[5] Ubay ibn Ka'b,[7] Bilal ibn Rabah,[4] Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr,[7] Malik al-Ashtar,[8] and Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman[9][10] were other such partisans, however; it is only The Four Companions that have attained distinction in their devotion to Ali.[2][6]
See also
References
- ^ Ali, Abbas (ed.). "Respecting the Righteous Companions". A Shi'ite Encyclopedia. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 3 Jun 2020 – via al-islam.org.
- ^ a b Ja'fariyan, Rasul (2014). "Umars Caliphate". History of the Caliphs. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 290. ISBN 9781312541085 – via books.google.com.
Abu Hatin al-Razi says, "It is the appellation of those who were attached to Ali during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah, such as Salman, Abu Dharr Ghifari, Miqdad ibn al-Aswad and Ammar ibn Yasir and others. Concerning these four, the Messenger of Allah had declared, 'The paradise is eager for four men: Salman, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, and Ammar.'"
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lay-source=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|lay-url=ignored (help) - ^ Rizvi, Saeed Akhtar (2001). "Slaves in the History of Islam". Slavery: Islamic & Western Perspectives. South Africa: Ahlul Bait (a.s.) Foundation of South Africa. p. 24 – via books.google.com.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lay-source=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|lay-url=ignored (help) - ^ a b Dabashi, Hamid (2017). "The foundations of Sunnite Authority: The Routinization of Charisma". Authority in Islam: From the Rise of Mohammad to the Establishment of the Umayyads. Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 9781351317108 – via books.google.com.
- ^ a b Ali, Abbas (ed.). "The Term Shi'a in Qur'an and Hadith". A Shi'ite Encyclopedia. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project. Archived from the original on 18 Jan 2020 – via al-islam.org.
- ^ a b Ja'fariyan, Rasul (1996). "Shi'ism and Its Types During the Early Centuries". alseraj.net. Archived from the original on 3 Jun 2020. Retrieved 3 Jun 2020.
- ^ a b Shomali, Mohammad A (2003). "Origins of Shi'ism". Shi'i Islam: Origins, Faith and Practices. ICAS Press. p. 25. ISBN 9781904063117 – via books.google.com.
- ^ al-Sayyid, Kamal. Malik al-Ashtar. Translated by Alyawy, Jasim – via al-islam.org.
- ^ ibn Muhammad al-Daylami, Hasan. The Narration by Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamani. Translated by Abu Shahaba, Jerrmein. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via al-islam.org.
- ^ "Hudhayfah ibn al Yaman, the famous companion of the Prophet". Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
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