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Polony (biology)

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 24.23.223.99 (talk) at 20:00, 14 July 2020 (Removed an example of polony formation that needs a citation. I believe the paragraph was an oversimplified untested idea by the author that didn't describe the critical components--physical attachment to the solid surface, cycles of primer annealing, etc. Just adding DNA polymerase to DNA doesn't create thousands of copies without a PCR or isothermal amplification scheme.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Polony is a contraction of "polymerase colony," a small colony of DNA.

Polonies are discrete clonal amplifications of a single DNA molecule, grown in a gel matrix. This approach greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Polonies can be generated using several techniques that include solid-phase polymerase chain reaction (PCR]) in polyacrylamide gels. However, other earlier patented technologies, such as that from Manteia Predictive Medicine (acquired by Solexa), which generate DNA on a solid phase surface by bridge amplification - are generally referred to as "clusters".

The terminology and distinction between 'polony' and 'cluster' have become confused recently. Growth of clonal copies of DNA on bead surfaces remains to be generically named although some also seek to name this technique as a "polony" method. The concept of localizing and analyzing regions containing clonal nucleic acid populations was first described in patents by Brown, et al.. (assigned to Genomic Nanosystems), however these are in liquid phase. Clusters are distinct in that they are based on solid-phase amplification of single DNA molecules where the DNA has been covalently attached to a surface. This technology, initially coined "DNA colony generation", had been invented and developed in late 1996 at Glaxo-Welcome's Geneva Biomedical Research Institute (GBRI), by Dr Pascal Mayer and Dr Laurent Farinelli,[1] and was publicly presented for the first time in 1998.[2] It was finally brought to market by Solexa. Solexa Ltd/INC (Bentley et al.).

References

  1. ^ patents WO 9844151, WO 9844152
  2. ^ DNA colony massively parallel sequencing ams98 presentation
  • Polony technology guide
  • "Methods of nucleic acid amplification and sequencing".
  • Adessi C, Matton G, Ayala G, et al. (October 2000). "Solid phase DNA amplification: characterisation of primer attachment and amplification mechanisms". Nucleic Acids Res. 28 (20): E87. doi:10.1093/nar/28.20.e87. PMC 110803. PMID 11024189.


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