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Highlanders
UnionNew Zealand Rugby Union
Nickname(s)The Highlanders, Landers
Founded1996
LocationDunedin, New Zealand
RegionNorth Otago
Otago
Southland
Ground(s)Forsyth Barr Stadium (Capacity: 30,748)
Coach(es)Aaron Mauger
Captain(s)James Lentjes
Most capsBen Smith (129)
Top scorerLima Sopoaga (866)
League(s)Super Rugby
Super Rugby Aotearoa
2019Quarterfinalist
4th (New Zealand Conference)
8th (overall)
1st kit
2nd kit
Official website
thehighlanders.co.nz

The Highlanders (formerly the Otago Highlanders and currently known as the Pulse Energy Highlanders for sponsorship reasons[1]) is a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Dunedin that compete in Super Rugby. The team was formed in 1996 to represent the lower South Island in the newly formed Super 12 competition, and includes the Otago, North Otago and Southland unions. The Highlanders take their name from the Scottish immigrants that helped found the Otago, North Otago, and Southland regions in the 1840s and 1850s.

Their main ground through the 2011 Super Rugby season was Carisbrook in Dunedin, with home games occasionally being played in Invercargill and Queenstown. The Highlanders moved into Carisbrook's replacement, Forsyth Barr Stadium at University Plaza, for the 2012 season; the stadium opened in time for the 2011 Rugby World Cup, but after the Super Rugby season.

They finished the inaugural season eighth, and the following season finished last after winning only three of eleven matches. However, in the 1998, 1999 and 2000 seasons they qualified for semi-finals; hosting the 1999 competition final against fellow South Island team the Crusaders. They lost the match 24–19, and the following year were again knocked out by the Crusaders—this time in their semi-final. In the following fifteen seasons they would only finish in the top four once more, in 2002. But in 2015, they were crowned Super Rugby champions after beating the Hurricanes at Westpac Stadium .[2]

Former Highlander, Ben Smith has played a record 129 games for the Highlanders,[needs update] and thirteen other players have played over 50 games for the team. The Highlanders' highest career points scorer is Lima Sopoaga with 866 points, and highest career try scorer is Waisake Naholo with 45 tries. They are currently coached by Aaron Mauger and are captained by James Lentjies.

History

Main article: History of the Highlanders

The Highlanders' franchise was created as one of five New Zealand teams in the Super 12. Originally named the Otago Highlanders, the Highlanders' franchise area encompassed the lower South Island of New Zealand, and was formed from the North Otago, Otago, and Southland provincial rugby unions.[3]

The Highlander mascot performing before a match at Carisbrook stadium.

The 1996 team was captained by John Leslie and coached by Gordon Hunter.[4] Their first Super 12 match was against the Queensland Reds at Carisbrook on 3 March 1996, whom they defeated 57–17.[5][6] After three matches the Highlanders were undefeated and leading the competition. However the following week at Loftus Versfeld Stadium in South Africa they were defeated 59–29 by Northern Transvaal.[7] They only won two more games that season, against Template:Rut Natal at Carisbrook and against the Canterbury Crusaders at Lancaster Park,[8] and they finished the season eighth on the table.[9]

1997 was the least successful season ever for the Highlanders.[3] They finished last in the competition, and managed only three wins.[10] They were now coached by Glenn Ross and captained by Taine Randell.[4] Their eight defeats that season included a 75–43 loss to Natal in Durban. The points scored by Natal included 50 points by Gavin Lawless – a competition record.[11] Following their last place in the 1997 season, Tony Gilbert was appointed as coach.[4] Their first game under his guidance was an upset 26–19 win over the Queensland Reds.[12] The Highlanders eventually became the first New Zealand side to defeat all four South African teams in one season.[12][a] After defeating the Bulls at Loftus Versfeld they needed the Queensland Reds not to defeat the Brumbies by a large margin. Queensland were defeated by the Brumbies 23–16 and the Highlanders finished fourth, thus qualifying for the semi-finals.[13] In the semi-final, they faced defending champions the Auckland Blues at Eden Park. The Blues were leading 20–16 at halftime, and were leading 30–26 before a controversial try to Adrian Cashmore pushed the Blues to a 37–26 lead. Joeli Vidiri had illegally taken out Highlander Stanley off the ball.[14]

The following season in 1999 the Highlanders improved on their 1997 season record by reaching and hosting the tournament final. They opened their season with a 19–13 victory over the Auckland Blues at Carisbrook.[15] This was followed by a victory over the Northern Bulls, the Stormers at Carisbrook, and the Cats, before their first loss of the season to the Sharks.[16] They returned to New Zealand to defeat the Waikato Chiefs and then the Crusaders.[17] After defeating the Reds, the Highlanders lost to the New South Wales Waratahs at Carisbrook. The next week they defeated the Brumbies at the same venue. In their next match, despite leading the Wellington Hurricanes 14–3 at half time, the Highlanders lost when Hurricanes half back Jason Spice scored in the corner to give the Hurricanes a 21–19 victory.[18] Had the Highlanders won they would have finished top of the table and hosted a semi-final at Carisbrook. Instead they then had to travel to South Africa where they defeated the Stormers 33–18.[19] The Highlanders travelled back to Dunedin for the 1999 Super 12 Final, which was against South Island rivals the Canterbury Crusaders, and was billed as "the party at Tony Brown's house" after Highlanders first five-eighth Tony Brown. The Highlanders scored first, and led 14–9 at half time. However the decisive try was to Crusaders wing Afato So'oalo, who chipped the ball then out-sprinted All Blacks winger Jeff Wilson to collect the ball and score.[20][21] Although the Highlanders scored a try to Isitolo Maka with three minutes remaining, the Crusaders won 24–19.[20]

The Highlanders opened their 2000 season with a 50–13 victory over the Queensland Reds at Carisbrook.[22] They won their next three matches, against the Sharks, Hurricanes and Cats. However they then lost their following three; against the Crusaders, Brumbies, and Blues.[23] They played the Crusaders at Jade Stadium in their semi-final, and were defeated 37–15 after Marika Vunibaka scored two tries for the Crusaders in the last 20 minutes.[24] The next season opened with a 23–8 victory over the Blues.[25] Their 39–20 defeat of the Waratahs at Carisbrook on 7 April was the first defeat of New South Wales by an Otago-based side since the Otago provincial team defeated New South Wales 5–0 in 1901.[26][b] The Highlanders narrowly lost to the Hurricanes in Napier 35–33 before defeating the Brumbies at Carisbrook on 20 April. Although the Highlanders went undefeated at home for a second consecutive season, they finished fifth with six wins that season.[26]

The Highlanders playing the Hurricanes at Wellington in 2005; their first win over them at that venue.

Laurie Mains had returned from South Africa to coach Otago in the 2001 National Provincial Championship (NPC), and was appointed the Highlanders coach for 2002.[27] Their season started with a narrow 30–28 loss to the Crusaders at Jade Stadium.[28] That year the Highlanders also achieved a win over all four South African teams.[28] The Gordon Hunter Memorial Trophy was also introduced that season to be contested between the Highlanders and Blues. Gordon Hunter had coached both teams before dying from cancer in 2001.[29] The match was played at Eden Park, and the Highlanders were ahead 15–3 at half time, and eventually won 20–13. Their last home match of the season was against the Reds at Carisbrook. The Highlanders' 40–26 win meant that they had gone three seasons undefeated at Carisbrook.[27] The Highlanders finished fourth and played the Crusaders in Christchurch where they lost 34–23, although Jeff Wilson did score a try in his last match for the franchise.[30]

The 2003 season started with a 29–16 win over the Chiefs in Hamilton.[31] They then defeated the Stormers and Bulls before losing to the Cats in Johannesburg. Their second loss occurred when the Crusaders defeated them 17–16 at Carisbrook. The Highlanders had gone three seasons, 2000, 2001 and 2002, and 16 games unbeaten at Carisbrook before that loss.[32] The Highlanders then defeated the Blues 22–11 to retain the Gordon Hunter Memorial Trophy. In April that year it was revealed a rift had developed between coach Laurie Mains and some of the senior players in the squad.[32] Anton Oliver was branded the ringleader by Mains,[33] and after their final game of the season Mains resigned and was replaced by his assistant Greg Cooper.[33]

In contrast to their previous season, in 2004 the Highlanders conceded 44 tries, twelve more than in 2003, but scored nine more tries then in 2003.[34] Not only did they have a new head coach, but also thirteen new players in their squad.[4] This all contributed to them finishing the season ninth that season.[35] The Highlanders' 2005 season started with a loss to the Blues at Carisbrook.[36] Following this the side won six games consecutively, the first time the franchise had ever done so.[37] After a draw with the Stormers and a bye, the Highlanders had gone unbeaten for eight weeks. Three weeks from the end of the round robin they were third, but after losing their remaining three matches fell to eighth for the season.[37]

After ten years the Super 12 was expanded to include two extra teams; the Western Force from Australia, and the Cheetahs from South Africa. The expanded competition was renamed the Super 14. The Highlanders continued under Cooper in 2006. After losing their first match of 2006 to the Crusaders, they then won their next three. After only won two of their last six games, they finished the season ranked ninth.[38] The 2007 ended with a similar result to 2006. The Highlanders again finished ninth on the table, and worst of the New Zealand teams.[39] They finished the season with five wins and eight losses from their thirteen matches.[40]

While the fortunes of the franchise had been declining for a few years, they would bottom out with a player exodus following the 2007 Rugby World Cup. The squad's entire All Black front row of Carl Hayman, Anton Oliver, and Clarke Dermody left for lucrative contracts in Europe, while star first-five Nick Evans moved north to Auckland to play for the Blues, and hugely talented young lock James Ryan was forced to retire at age 24 due to injury problems. Joining the exodus were several other veteran starters, along with coach Greg Cooper who left the franchise to take up an assistant coaching position with the Blues.[41] The coach for the 2008 season, Glenn Moore, was appointed 28 August 2007.[42]

Moore was left with a weak side of young and inexperienced players which would stumble to a franchise-worst record of only 3 wins against 10 losses during the 2008 Super 14 season, and finished as the lowest-placed New Zealand team on the table. Jimmy Cowan, one of the team's few bright spots through this period, was appointed team captain for 2009, but things would improve little over the following two seasons as the team again limped to the worst record of the New Zealand clubs. When Moore was released as coach following the 2010 season, the franchise had compiled a record of only 10 wins against 29 losses in three seasons under his leadership.

Former All Black Jamie Joseph was hired as coach for the 2011 Super Rugby season, while Jamie Mackintosh replaced Cowan as team captain. The campaign would prove to be the franchise's most successful in several years, as they raced out to a 3–0 start including a monumental away win over the Bulls in Pretoria. They remained in playoff contention for almost the entire season, sitting 8–4 at one juncture, before slumping under an injury cloud at the end of the year to finish 8th on the table.

Highlanders won the 2015 Super Rugby season defeating the Hurricanes 21–14 in Wellington. Phil Gifford called the win the "greatest Super Rugby comeback this century".[43]

In 2017, the Highlanders won over the British and Irish Lions 23–22 at Dunedin, during the Lions tour to New Zealand.

Name and colours

The logo of the Otago Highlanders before they changed their name.

The name Highlanders was chosen after the early Scottish settlers in the lower South Island. These Scottish settlers were the founders of Dunedin—known as the "Edinburgh of the South", and the city where the Highlanders are based.[44] According to the Highlanders official website: " The name and image of the Highlander conjures up visions of fierce independence, pride in one's roots, loyalty, strength, kinship, honesty, and hard work."[44]

The colours of the Highlanders formerly encompassed the provincial colours of North Otago, Otago, and Southland; yellow, blue and maroon. Blue is also the predominant colour of the Flag of Scotland, and is used by many sports teams in that country.

On 3 June 2011, the Highlanders introduced—controversially—a new predominantly lime green home kit.[45] It was debuted in the Highlanders' final home match of the 2011 Super Rugby season.

Despite the resounding negative feedback from fans, this kit was initially confirmed for the 2012 season. On 6 September 2011, however, the club announced a change of heart—they would be returning to their traditional blue strip for home matches, and using the lime green kit for away matches during the 2012 Super Rugby season.[46]

Franchise area

The unions that encompass the Highlanders' region.

The Highlanders' franchise area consists of the region controlled by the North Otago, Otago and Southland Rugby Unions.[44] Both Otago and Southland compete in the semi-professional Mitre 10 Cup (formerly the ITM Cup and Air New Zealand Cup),[47] and North Otago in the amateur Heartland Championship.[48]

Stadiums

Carisbrook stadium.

Starting with the 2012 season, the Highlanders moved into the Forsyth Barr Stadium, opened in August 2011. It was built to replace their original home of Carisbrook, which was no longer suitable for international rugby, or as a venue for the 2011 Rugby World Cup.[49] The Carisbrook Stadium Trust was established in 2006 to manage the planning and construction of a new stadium.[50] The new stadium is not on the current Carisbrook site, but instead near the University of Otago and Otago Harbour.[51] It is a roofed, all weather stadium with a rectangular configuration, and permanent seating capacity of 25,000 that could be expanded to 30,748 if necessary.[52]

The Highlanders' original home ground was the 29,000 capacity Carisbrook in Dunedin. Carisbrook is also known as "The Brook", or as "The House of Pain" due to its reputation as a difficult venue to visit.[53] The stadium was also well known for Dunedin's large student population (known as "Scarfies") that occupied the terraces—an uncovered concrete embankment at the eastern end of the ground.[54]

The Highlanders usually play at least one regular season match outside of Dunedin, at either Rugby Park in Invercargill or the Queenstown Events Centre in Queenstown. Prior to 2007 the regular season match was usually played at Rugby Park,[55] however in 2007 they played a match at the Queenstown Events Centre.[56] The Highlanders have also played pre-season matches at Centennial Park in Oamaru[57] and at the Showgrounds in Balclutha.

On 28 March 2009, the Highlanders played a home game at FMG Stadium in Palmerston North against the Bulls. This game attracted a crowd of 10,000; one of the Highlanders' biggest of the 2009 season.

Invercargill Dunedin Queenstown
Rugby Park Stadium Forsyth Barr Stadium Queenstown Events Centre
Capacity: 20,000 Capacity: 30,748 Capacity: 19,000

Development team

The Highlanders have fielded a development team in competitions such as the Pacific Rugby Cup and in matches against other representative teams for several seasons. Known as the Highlanders Development XV, the squad is selected from the best emerging rugby talent in the Highlanders catchment area and is composed of Highlanders contracted players, wider training group members, under 20s, and selected club players.[58]

Records and achievements

Season standings

Super 12 Super 14 Super Rugby
Season Pos Pld W D L F A +/- BP Pts Notes
1996 8th 11 5 0 6 329 391 −62 6 26
1997 12th 11 3 0 8 299 409 −110 5 17
1998 4th 11 7 0 4 343 279 +64 6 34 lost semi-final to Auckland Blues
1999 2nd 11 8 0 3 280 203 +77 3 35 lost final to Crusaders
2000 3rd 11 6 0 5 320 280 +40 8 32 lost semi-final to Crusaders
2001 5th 11 6 0 5 284 295 −11 5 29
2002 4th 11 8 0 3 329 207 +122 6 38 lost semi-final to Template:Rut Crusaders
2003 7th 11 6 0 5 287 246 +41 5 29
2004 9th 11 4 1 6 299 347 −48 8 26
2005 8th 11 6 1 4 221 214 +7 1 27
2006 6th 13 6 0 7 228 276 −48 3 27
2007 9th 13 5 0 8 235 301 −66 7 27
2008 9th 13 3 0 10 257 338 −81 7 19
2009 11th 13 4 0 9 254 269 −15 10 26
2010 12th 13 3 0 10 297 397 −100 6 18
2011 8th 16 8 0 8 296 343 −47 5 45
2012 9th 16 9 0 7 359 385 −26 6 50
2013 14th 16 3 0 13 374 496 −122 9 29
2014 6th 16 8 0 8 401 442 −41 10 42 Lost qualifier to Sharks
2015 4th 16 11 0 5 450 333 +117 9 53 Champions, beat Hurricanes in the final in Wellington
2016 5th 15 11 0 4 422 273 +149 8 52 Lost semifinal to Template:Rut Lions
2017 7th 15 11 0 4 488 308 +180 7 51 Lost quarterfinal to Template:Rut Crusaders
2018 6th 16 10 0 6 437 445 −6 4 44 Lost quarterfinal to Template:Rut Waratahs
2019 8th 16 6 3 7 441 392 +49 6 36 Lost quarterfinal to Template:Rut Crusaders

Results per opposition

Highlanders Super Rugby results vs different opponents [1]

Super Rugby
Opposition Span Played Won Drawn Lost Win%
New Zealand Template:Rut Blues 1996–2019 33 16 0 17 48.5%
New Zealand Template:Rut Chiefs 1996-2019 33 14 1 18 42.4%
New Zealand Template:Rut Crusaders 1996–2020 38 11 1 26 28.9%
New Zealand Template:Rut Hurricanes 1996–2019 33 14 0 19 42.4%
Australia Template:Rut Brumbies 1996-2020 24 12 0 12 50.0%
Australia Template:Rut Force 2006-2017 11 5 0 6 81.8%
Australia Template:Rut Rebels 2011-2020 9 6 0 3 45.5%
Australia Template:Rut Reds 1996–2019 23 13 0 10 56.5%
Australia Template:Rut Waratahs 1996-2019 25 10 0 15 40.0%
South Africa Template:Rut Bulls 1996-2020 23 14 2 7 60.9%
South Africa Template:Rut Cheetahs 1997-2017 11 9 0 2 81.8%
South Africa Template:Rut Lions 1996-2018 22 13 0 9 59.1%
South Africa Template:Rut Sharks 1996-2020 23 9 0 14 39.1%
South Africa Template:Rut Southern Kings 2013-2016 2 1 0 1 50.0%
South Africa Template:Rut Stormers 1996-2019 22 12 1 9 54.5%
Argentina Template:Rut Jaguares 2016-2019 2 2 0 0 100.0%
Japan Template:Rut Sunwolves 2017-2019 2 2 0 0 100.0%
Overall 1996–2020 336 163 5 168 48.5%
Updated to: 15 March 2020

Team records

The 2014 season set several new records for the team, that had stood since the 1998 and 1999 seasons. They scored their most ever points (425), and most ever tries (42) in a season. Lima Sopoaga set a franchise record for most points in a season with 178, becoming just the third Highlander to score 25 points in a game. The 2000 year saw perhaps their greatest victory ever with their 65–23 win against the Bulls, setting several records; most points in a match, most tries in a match with nine, and largest winning margin of 42.[59]

Former first five-eighth Tony Brown holds the record for most career points with 857. His 857 career points included 144 conversions, 183 penalties, and six drop-goals. The most points in a single match is held by former fullback Ben Blair who scored 28 against the Sharks in 2005. Most career tries is held by former player Jeff Wilson with 35. Wilson and Blair also share the record for most tries in a single match with three along with Israel Dagg, Doug Howlett, Ryan Nicholas, Jeremy Stanley, and To'o Vaega.[59]

Honours

  • Champions (1)

2015

  • Runners-up (1)

1999

  • Playoff Appearances (7)

1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017

Players

Current squad

For player movements before and during the 2021 season, see List of 2020–21 Super Rugby transfers (New Zealand) § Highlanders.

The squad for the 2020 Super Rugby season:[60][c][d][e][f][g][h][i]

Highlanders Super Rugby squad

Props

Hookers

Locks

Loose forwards

Halfbacks (Scrum-halves)

First Five-Eighths (Fly-halves)

Midfielders (Centres)

Outside Backs

(c) Denotes team captain, Bold denotes internationally capped, DEV denotes a development squad player, ST denotes a short-term signing, SRA denotes a signing for the Super Rugby Aotearoa competition.
  1. ^ The Crusaders achieved the same feat one day later.
  2. ^ Prior to the Super 12 in 1996, Otago had played New South Wales in 1925, 1991 and twice in 1995.
  3. ^ a b Fainga'anuku was not included in the original Highlanders squad, but subsequently joined the side in December 2019 as a replacement for Connor Garden-Bachop.[61]
  4. ^ a b Vella was not included in the original Highlanders squad, but subsequently joined the side in January 2020 as a replacement for Ricky Jackson.[62]
  5. ^ a b O'Donnell was not included in the original Highlanders squad, but was named in the side for week 3.[63]
  6. ^ a b c Tucker and McDowall were not included in the original Highlanders squad, but were named in the touring squad of South Africa and Argentina in March 2020.[64]
  7. ^ a b c Koroi and Milner-Skudder were not included in the original Highlanders squad, but were announced as signing for the Highlanders for the Super Rugby Aotearoa competition in May 2020.[65]
  8. ^ a b Gilbert was not included in the original Highlanders squad, but were announced in the squad for the Super Rugby Aotearoa competition.[66]
  9. ^ a b Florence was not included in the original Highlanders squad, but were announced in the squad for round 10 of the Super Rugby Aotearoa competition.[67]

Current internationally capped players

Notable players

Most Games:[59]

Coaches and management

In their first season the Highlanders were coached by Gordon Hunter before he joined the All Blacks selection panel.[4][68] Glenn Ross took over in 1997, and was not reappointed for the 1998 season.[69] Tony Gilbert was appointed for the 1998 season, and again coached the team in 1999 before being appointed co-coach for the All Blacks.[12] Peter Sloane was appointed Gilbert's successor for the 2000 season,[68] and also coached them in 2001 before moving to coach the Blues. Laurie Mains returned to New Zealand from South Africa to replace Sloane for the 2002 season.[27] Mains resigned following the 2003 season after a rift between him and senior players.[32] Greg Cooper replaced Mains and coached the team from 2003 until 2007, when he left the franchise to take up the assistant coaches position with the Blues.[41] Glenn Moore coached the club from 2008 through until 2010, when he was relieved of his duties after the club posted only 10 wins against 29 losses in his three years in charge. His replacement was former All Black flanker Jamie Joseph, who coached between 2011 and 2016. Tony Brown took over as head coach in 2017 he then left to join Joseph in Japan and was replaced by Aaron Mauger who has been with the side since the 2018 season.

Highlanders coaches by date, matches and win percentage*
Coach Period G W D L %
Gordon Hunter 1996 11 5 0 6 045.45
Glenn Ross 1997 11 3 0 8 027.27
Tony Gilbert 1998–1999 25 16 0 9 064.00
Peter Sloane 2000–2001 23 12 0 11 052.17
Laurie Mains 2002–2003 23 14 0 9 060.87
Greg Cooper 2004–2007 48 21 2 25 043.75
Glenn Moore 2008–2010 39 10 0 29 025.64
Jamie Joseph 2011-2016 101 54 0 47 053.47
Tony Brown 2017 16 11 0 5 068.75
Aaron Mauger[n 1] 2018–present 39 17 3 19 043.59
Totals (1996–present)* 336 163 5 168 048.51
Updated to: 15 March 2020

Notes:

^* Official Super Rugby competition matches only, including finals.
  1. ^ One match was cancelled and called a draw due to the 2019 Christchurch Mosque Shootings and is not included in the table.

Current Head coach

Assistant coaches

Bibliography

  • Gifford, Phil (2004). The Passion – The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby. Wilson Scott Publishing. ISBN 0-9582535-1-X.
  • Howitt, Bob (2005). SANZAR Saga – Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby. Harper Collins Publishers. ISBN 1-86950-566-2.
  • McIlraith, Matt (2005). Ten Years of Super 12. Hodder Moa. ISBN 1-86971-025-8.

References

  1. ^ "Pulse Energy named as Principal Highlanders sponsor" (Press release). Highlanders. 30 November 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  2. ^ http://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/super-rugby/69967843/Highlanders-upset-Hurricanes-to-claim-first-Super-Rugby-title-in-Wellington
  3. ^ a b McIlraith (2005), pg 322.
  4. ^ a b c d e McIlraith (2005), pg 323.
  5. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 228.
  6. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 40.
  7. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 41.
  8. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 43.
  9. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 235.
  10. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 243.
  11. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 50.
  12. ^ a b c McIlraith (2005), pg 77.
  13. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 82.
  14. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 83.
  15. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 253.
  16. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 255.
  17. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 256.
  18. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 101.
  19. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 104.
  20. ^ a b Gifford (2004), pg 175.
  21. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 106.
  22. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 261.
  23. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 121.
  24. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 124.
  25. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 269.
  26. ^ a b McIlraith (2005), pg 144.
  27. ^ a b c McIlraith (2005), pg 158.
  28. ^ a b McIlraith (2005), pg 159.
  29. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 163.
  30. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 285.
  31. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 171.
  32. ^ a b c McIlraith (2005), pg 175.
  33. ^ a b McIlraith (2005), pg 176.
  34. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 198.
  35. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 302.
  36. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 209.
  37. ^ a b McIlraith (2005), pg 212.
  38. ^ Burdon, Nathan (16 May 2006). "COOPER HAS BOARD'S SUPPORT". The Southland Times.
  39. ^ Meikle, Hayden (7 May 2007). "Pressure on but Cooper standing firm". The Otago Daily Times.
  40. ^ Savory, Logan (9 May 2007). "Rugby / Review Process". The Southland Times.
  41. ^ a b Meikle, Hayden (21 July 2007). "Three in frame to replace Cooper". Otago Daily Times. Allied Press.
  42. ^ Page, Craig (29 August 2007). "Right time to take charge: Moore; Draft policy not a concern". Otago Daily Times. Allied Press.
  43. ^ Phil Gifford: Title for Highlanders caps off greatest Super Rugby comeback this century stuff.co.nz
  44. ^ a b c "Highlanders". highlanders-rugby.co.nz. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2007.
  45. ^ "Highlanders reveal new look". New Zealand Herald. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  46. ^ "Highlanders change tack on green home strip". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
  47. ^ "Air NZ Cup Explained". NZRFU. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  48. ^ "Heartland Championship". NZRFU. Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  49. ^ "Catalyst Events". carisbrook.org.nz. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  50. ^ "Carisbrook Stadium Trust History". carisbrook.org.nz. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  51. ^ "Carisbrook Stadium Trust – Where is it?". carisbrook.org.nz. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  52. ^ "Carisbrook Stadium Trust – Design". carisbrook.org.nz. Archived from the original on 25 December 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  53. ^ Vincent, Michael (11 August 2001). "Wallabies take on All Blacks in the House of Pain". abc.net.au. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  54. ^ "Delights of Dunedin". critic.co.nz. 17 April 2007. Archived from the original on 15 October 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  55. ^ Burdon, Nathan (5 September 2007). "Highlanders head back to Queenstown". rugbyheaven.co.nz. Retrieved 18 December 2007. [dead link‍]
  56. ^ Whiting, John (7 April 2007). "Chiefs edge out Highlanders". tvnz.co.nz. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  57. ^ "Warm up S14 matches begin". tvnz.co.nz. 16 January 2006. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
  58. ^ "Star players out of pre-season lineup". NZ Herald. 5 February 2004. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  59. ^ a b c "Record Book". highlanders-rugby.co.nz. Retrieved 7 December 2007. [dead link‍]
  60. ^ "Highlanders Reveal Refreshed Squad for 2020" (Press release). Highlanders. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
  61. ^ "Connor Garden-Bachop out of 2020 Super Rugby Season" (Press release). Highlanders. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  62. ^ "Ricky Jackson to miss 2020 Super Rugby Season" (Press release). Highlanders. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  63. ^ "Pulse Energy Highlanders name team to play the Brumbies" (Press release). Highlanders. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  64. ^ "Your Landers squad that will travel to South Africa and Argentina 💥". @highlandersteam on Instagram. 2 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  65. ^ "All Black winger Milner-Skudder to join Highlanders Squad" (Press release). Highlanders. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  66. ^ "TEAM PREVIEW: The Highlanders". Super Rugby NZ. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  67. ^ "Pulse Energy Highlanders named to take on Hurricanes in final round". Highlanders (Press release). 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  68. ^ a b McIlraith (2005), pg 111.
  69. ^ McIlraith (2005), pg 61.
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